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A surfactant with an extremely rigid structure has been synthesized from rosin, which exudates from pine trees. The foams properties of the surfactant can be controlled by using CO2 as a triggering agent. It forms either an exceptionally stable foam or an unstable foam. The process can be repeated many times by introducing CO2 or N2 into the solution.

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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Structure and Properties of PLA Composite Enhanced with Biomass Fillers from Herbaceous Plants

    Haining Na1,*, Juncheng Huang1, Hongguang Xu2, Fei Liu3, Liangke Xie1, Baoqing Zhu3, Jiuchen Wang2, Jin Zhu1,*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 491-503, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.024181
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Natural Fibre Composites: Design, Materials Selection and Fabrication)
    Abstract PLA composites containing biomass fillers from the three herbaceous plants such as reed, wheat stalk, and coconut fiber with length and diameter at the scale of several millimeters were prepared without using additives. The reinforcement effect on the properties of PLA/biomass filler composites is investigated. The research results show that the PLA/biomass filler composites exhibit good stiffness, flexural strength, and impact toughness. Among the three kinds of biomass fillers, reed reinforced PLA composites show optimal mechanical properties. When filled with 40%–50% reed, the flexural moduli of the composites are over 7000 MPa. Flexural strength retains at the same level of… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Structure and Properties of PLA Composite Enhanced with Biomass Fillers from Herbaceous Plants

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Modification of Wood by Tannin-Furfuryl Alcohol Resins–Effect on Dimensional Stability, Mechanical Properties and Decay Durability

    Mahdi Mubarok1,2, Christine Gérardin-Charbonnier1,*, Elham Azadeh1, Firmin Obounou Akong1, Stéphane Dumarçay1, Antonio Pizzi1, Philippe Gérardin1,*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 505-521, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.024872
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advanced Wood Composites from Renewable Materials)
    Abstract Furfurylation is a well-known wood modification technology. This paper studied the effect of tannin addition on the wood furfurylation. Three kinds of dicarboxylic acids, adipic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid, as well as glyoxal as a comparing agent, were used to catalyse the polymerisation of furanic or tannin-furanic solutions during wood modification. Impregnation of furanic or tannin-furanic solution at a certain concentration into the wood followed with curing at 103°C for a specific duration was performed for the wood modification. Different properties of the modified woods like dimensional stability, resistance of treatment to leaching, mechanical properties, decay durability against… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    CO2-Responsive Smart Foams Stabilized by an Extremely Rigid Bio-Based Surfactant

    Weishan Tang, Xin Feng, Caiyun Lin, Xiaoping Rao*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 523-538, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022809
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Renewable Biomass as a Platform for Preparing Green Chemistry)
    Abstract Environment friendly and intelligent surfactants have attracted great attention in recent years. A bio-based CO2 responsive surfactant rosin acid dimaleimide choline (R-BMI-C) with an extremely rigid skeleton was prepared using rosin and choline as raw materials by Diels-Alder addition reaction and acid-base neutralization reactions. Its structure was confirmed by IR and 1H NMR spectra. The foams’ properties of R-BMI-C could be adjusted by bubbling CO2/N2 to change the structure of the surfactant. At pH 10.4, R-BMI-C forms an unstable foam with a half-life of 1.5 h. When the pH was reduced to 7.4 by bubbling CO2, R-BMI-C forms an extremely… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    CO<sub>2</sub>-Responsive Smart Foams Stabilized by an Extremely Rigid Bio-Based Surfactant

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    MUF Resins Improved by Citric Acid as Adhesives for Wood Veneer Panels

    Claudio Del Menezzi1,2,3, Antonio Pizzi2,*, Siham Amirou2, Xuedong Xi4,5
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 539-553, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.024971
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Renewable and Biosourced Adhesives-2021)
    Abstract

    This article presents the first applied results of using citric acid in combinations with a melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin for bonding wood veneers. The chemical reactions involved are shown based on a MALDI ToF analysis of the reaction of the MUF resin with citric acid. The preliminary results of the physical and mechanical properties of the LVL prepared are also presented. Veneers from Populus sp were used to manufacture 5-layer laminated veneer lumber (LVL) of small dimensions. Five combinations of the amount of citric acid, MUF spread rate and pressing parameters were tested. LVL bonded with 20% of citric acid +… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    MUF Resins Improved by Citric Acid as Adhesives for Wood Veneer Panels

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Quantitative Extraction of p-Coumaric Acid and Ferulic Acid in Different Gramineous Materials and Structural Changes of Residual Alkali Lignin

    Tanhao Zhang, Shuo Zhang, Wu Lan*, Fengxia Yue*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 555-566, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025701
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Process and Engineering of Lignocellulose Utilization)
    Abstract Ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (pCA) in bagasse, wheat straw, corn straw, and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the FA and most of the pCA in gramineous biomass could be dissociated and released after being treated with 1 M NaOH at 100°C for 4 h. The yields of pCA/FA in bagasse, wheat straw, corn straw, and corncob determined by GC-FID are 39.8/11.5, 13.7/11.0, 28.0/11.0, and 35.1/14.5 mg/g, respectively. The raw materials and the treated solid residues were characterized by gel-state 2D Heteronuclear Single… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Quantitative Extraction of <i>p</i>-Coumaric Acid and Ferulic Acid in Different Gramineous Materials and Structural Changes of Residual Alkali Lignin

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Fine Characterization and Analysis of Drying Strain of the ELM Board via DIC Technology

    Yuanchu Liu, Xiaodong Zhu, Zhengmin Jin, Yingying Liu, Qingjian Wei, Bonan Liang, Yingchun Cai*, Jingyao Zhao*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 567-580, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023037
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computational Tools for Renewable Materials)
    Abstract In this paper, the occurrence and development mechanism of strain on the cross-section during the wood drying is explored. Therefore, strain regularity on the cross-section of 50 mm thickness elm (Ulmus rubra) board at the temperature of 40°C and 80°C is detected via digital image correlation technology. Hence, the difference between tangential and radial strain at surface and core layers was denoted. The results showed that strain distribution in the width direction of the board is uneven. Moreover, a large drying shrinkage strain occurs at the near-core layer, while the maximum strain difference reaches 4.08%. Hence, the surface of the… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Fine Characterization and Analysis of Drying Strain of the ELM Board via DIC Technology

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacting Rubberized Concrete with Different Rubber Types under Triaxial Compression

    Chunli Meng1, Weishu Fu1,*, Jianzeng Shen2,*, Yisheng Su1,2, Chunying Ye1
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 581-598, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022074
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Sustainable Concrete with Recyclable Materials)
    Abstract Different rubber aggregates lead to changes in the effect of stress conditions on the mechanical behavior of concrete, and studies on the triaxial properties of self-compacting rubber concrete (SCRC) are rare. In this study, 35 cylindrical specimens taking lateral stress and rubber type as variables were prepared to study the fresh properties and mechanical behaviors of SCRC under triaxial compression, where the rubber contains two types, i.e., 380 μm rubber powder and 1–4 mm rubber particles, and four contents, i.e., 10%, 20% and 30%. The test results demonstrated that SCRC exhibited a typical oblique shear failure mode under triaxial compression… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacting Rubberized Concrete with Different Rubber Types under Triaxial Compression

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    Research and Application Progress of Straw

    Ben Chen1,2, Sarah Mohrmann1,2, Haitao Li1,2,*, Milan Gaff3, Rodolfo Lorenzo4, Ileana Corbi5, Ottavia Corbi5, Kaidong Fang6, Min Li6
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 599-623, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022452
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Bio-Composite Materials and Structures-2021)
    Abstract Straw is a general term for the stem and leaf parts of mature crops, and is a multi-purpose renewable biomass energy resource in the agricultural ecosystem. The prospect of comprehensive utilization of straw has become broad with the development of agricultural production, the advancement of science and technology, and the improvement of the level of agricultural mechanization. The comprehensive utilization of straw plays an important role in enhancing the sustainable development ability of agricultural economy and improving the current situation of comprehensive utilization of agricultural resources in my country. This paper briefly combs the development history of straw and the… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Study on the Hydration and Physical Properties of Cement by M18 Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer Modified Graphene Oxide

    Dalong Liao, Dongxu Li*, Shun Zhou, Xiaotao Zhang, Ying Fang*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 625-641, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022501
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Circular Economy in the Development of Eco-Friendly Materials for Construction)
    Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) as a new nano-enhancer in cement-based materials has gained wide attention. However, GO is easy to aggregate in alkaline cement mortar with poor dispersibility. This hinders its application in practical infrastructure construction. In this work, GO-M18 polycarboxylate compound superplasticizer (GM) were obtained by compounding the M18 polycarboxylate superplasticizer with GO solution at different mass ratios. The dispersion of GM in alkaline solution was systematically studied. The phases and functional groups of GM were characterized by XRD and FTIR. The effects of GM on the cement mortar hydration and the formation of microstructure were investigated by measuring the… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Study on the Hydration and Physical Properties of Cement by M18 Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer Modified Graphene Oxide

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Mechanical Test and Meso-Model Numerical Study of Composite Rubber Concrete under Salt-Freezing Cycle

    Mingkai Sun1,*, Yanan Wang2, Pingwei Jiang1, Zerong Song3, Zhan Gao4, Jiaming Xu5
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 643-668, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022168
    Abstract A composite rubber concrete (CRC) was designed by combining waste tire rubber particles with particle sizes of 3~5 mm, 1~3 mm and 20 mesh. Taking the rubber content of different particle sizes as the influencing factors, the range and variance analysis of the mechanical and impermeability properties of CRC was carried out by orthogonal test. Through analysis, it is concluded that the optimal proportion of 3~5 mm, 1~3 mm, and 20 mesh particle size composite rubber is 1:2.5:5. 5 kinds of CRC and 3 kinds of ordinary single-mixed rubber concrete (RC) with a total content of 10%~20% were designed under… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Analysis of the Relationship between Mechanical Properties and Pore Structure of MSW Incineration Bottom Ash Fine Aggregate Concrete after Freeze-Thaw Cycles Based on the Gray Theory

    Peng Zhang1, Dongsheng Shi1,*, Ping Han1,2, Wenchao Jiang1,3
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 669-688, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022192
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Sustainable Concrete with Recyclable Materials)
    Abstract The destruction of concrete building materials in severely cold regions of the north is more severely affected by freeze-thaw cycles, and the relationship between the mechanical properties and pore structure of concrete with fine aggregate from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration bottom ash after freeze-thaw cycles is analyzed under the degree of freeze-thaw hazard variation. In this paper, the gray correlation method is used to calculate the correlation between the relative dynamic elastic modulus, compressive strength, and microscopic porosity parameters to speculate on the most important factors affecting their changes. The GM (1,1) model was established based on the compressive… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Preparation and Performance of n-Dodecane Microencapsulated Phase Change Cold Storage Materials

    Pan Zhang, Lingling Xu*, Xin Shi, Zemeng Guo, Jiajia Cheng
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 689-705, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022232
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Sustainable Concrete with Recyclable Materials)
    Abstract Cold chain transportation is currently a hot research topic. Since the traditional refrigeration methods lead to the consumption of large amounts of energy, the search for new energy storage materials is a major trend. In the present contribution, n-dodecane/PMMA microencapsulated phase change materials were prepared by suspension polymerization for ice-temperature cold chain transportation and their preparation parameters were explored using the encapsulation ratio as optimization indicator. The results show that the n-dodecane-containing microcapsules have a maximum encapsulation ratio of 93.2% when using a core-to-wall ratio of 3:1, 5% of emulsifier, 30% of crosslinker, and 2000 rpm of emulsification speed. The phase… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Research on Performance Optimization of Liquid Cooling and Composite Phase Change Material Coupling Cooling Thermal Management System for Vehicle Power Battery

    Gang Wu1,2,*, Feng Liu1,2, Sijie Li1,2, Na Luo1,2, Zhiqiang Liu1,2, Yuqaing Li2,3
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 707-730, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022276
    Abstract The serpentine tube liquid cooling and composite PCM coupled cooling thermal management system is designed for 18650 cylindrical power batteries, with the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the power pack within the optimal temperature operating range as the target. The initial analysis of the battery pack at a 5C discharge rate, the influence of the single cell to cooling tube distance, the number of cooling tubes, inlet coolant temperature, the coolant flow rate, and other factors on the heat dissipation performance of the battery pack, initially determined a reasonable value for each design parameter. A control strategy is used… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Graphene-Based Active Tunable Metasurfaces for Dynamic Terahertz Absorption and Polarization Conversion

    Haoran Wei, Tian Ji, Jianqing Huang*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 731-743, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022283
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials from Renewable Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)
    Abstract Simultaneous broadband absorption and polarization conversion are crucial in many practical applications, especially in terahertz communications. Thus, actively tunable metamaterial systems can exploit the graphene-based nanomaterials derived from renewable resources because of the flexible surface conductivity and selective permeability of the nanomaterials at terahertz frequencies. In this paper, we propose a graphene-based active tunable bifunctional metasurface for dynamic terahertz absorption and polarization conversion. The graphene ring presents a certain opening angle (A) along the diagonal of the xoy plane. When A = 0°, the proposed metasurface behaves as a broadband absorber. Numerical results show the feasibility of achieving this polarization-insensitive… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    Workability and Durability of Concrete Incorporating Waste Tire Rubber: A Review

    Peng Zhang, Xixi Wang, Juan Wang*, Tianhang Zhang
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 745-776, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022846
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Sustainable Concrete with Recyclable Materials)
    Abstract Environmental problems caused by waste tires are becoming increasingly prominent. There is an urgent need to find a green way to dispose of waste tires, and scholars have made considerable efforts in this regard. In the construction industry, rubber extracted from waste tires can be added to concrete to alleviate environmental problems to a certain extent. As a new building material, rubber concrete has superior properties compared to ordinary concrete and has been widely used in many fields. Numerous studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate the effect of waste tire rubber on the performance of concrete. It has been… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Water-Based Environmentally Friendly Pesticide Formulations Based on Cyclodextrin/Pesticide Loading System

    Xinyu Guo1, Zhe Sun2, Rui Zhao2, Hongyi Shang2, Jiangyu Liu2, Yong Xu2, Laihua Liu1,*, Xuemin Wu2,*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 777-789, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022811
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Renewable Material from Agricultural Waste and By-Product and Its Applications)
    Abstract Difenoconazole (DIF) is a representative variety of broad-spectrum triazole fungicides and liposoluble pesticides. However, the water solubility of DIF is so poor that its application is limited in plant protection. In addition, the conventional formulations of DIF always contain abundant organic solvents, which may cause pollution of the environment. In this study, two DIF/cyclodextrins (CDs) inclusion complexes (ICs) were successfully prepared, which were DIF/β-CD IC and DIF/hydroxypropyl-β-CD IC (DIF/HP-β-CD IC). The effect of cyclodextrins on the water solubility and the antifungal effect of liposoluble DIF pesticide were investigated. According to the phase solubility test, the molar ratio and apparent stability… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Stiffness and Shear Stress Distribution of Glulam Beams in Elastic-Plastic Stage: Theory, Experiments and Numerical Modelling

    Lisheng Luo1,*, Xinran Xie1, Yongqiang Zhang1, Xiaofeng Zhang2, Xinyue Cui1
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 791-809, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022539
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advanced Wood Composites from Renewable Materials)
    Abstract Traditional methods focus on the ultimate bending moment of glulam beams and the fracture failure of materials with defects, which usually depends on empirical parameters. There is no systematic theoretical method to predict the stiffness and shear distribution of glulam beams in elastic-plastic stage, and consequently, the failure of such glulam beams cannot be predicted effectively. To address these issues, an analytical method considering material nonlinearity was proposed for glulam beams, and the calculating equations of deflection and shear stress distribution for different failure modes were established. The proposed method was verified by experiments and numerical models under the corresponding… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Stiffness and Shear Stress Distribution of Glulam Beams in Elastic-Plastic Stage: Theory, Experiments and Numerical Modelling

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Controlled-Release of Plant Volatiles: New Composite Materials of Porous Carbon-Citral and Their Fungicidal Activity against Exobasidium vexans

    Yaoguo Liu1, Yao Chen2, Huifang Liu2, Wei Chen1, Zhiwei Lei2, Chiyu Ma2, Jie Yin1, Wen Yang2,*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 811-823, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022594
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Porous Materials for Sustainable Development)
    Abstract Citral (Eo) exhibits excellent fungicidal activities. However, it is difficult to maintain long-term fungicidal activity due to its strong volatility. Herein, a controlled-release strategy by using biomass-derived porous carbon (BC) was developed to overcome the drawback of Eo. New composite materials were prepared by loading Eo on tea stem porous carbon (BC@Eo), and their controlled-release fungicidal activity against Exobasidium vexans was assessed. BC with a large specific surface area of 1001.6 m2/g and mesoporous structure was fabricated through carbonization temperature of 700°C. The BC@Eo materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The results suggested that chemical… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Controlled-Release of Plant Volatiles: New Composite Materials of Porous Carbon-Citral and Their Fungicidal Activity against <i>Exobasidium vexans</i>

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    An Experimental Study of Composite Columns Filled with Eucalyptus nitens Timber under Axial Compression

    Yingyao Cheng1,2, Xudong Chen3, Huaming An1,*, Huimin Wang2,4, Kai Tao2,5
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 825-836, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022599
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Bio-based Composite/Hybrid Structures and Components)
    Abstract Eucalyptus nitens (E. nitens) has been much used for producing paper but also shows promise for structural applications. In this study, static compressive tests were undertaken to examine its suitability to be used in an innovative composite column. The composite column was comprised of a rectangular steel tube with E. nitens timber infill. The nonlinear compressive behaviour of the composite column filled with E. nitens wood for both dry and wet conditions was examined. The same tests on rectangular steel tubes and bare dry and wet E. nitens samples were also undertaken as a comparison. For samples with different conditions,… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    An Experimental Study of Composite Columns Filled with <i>Eucalyptus nitens</i> Timber under Axial Compression

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Preparation of Film Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified by Alkaline Starch and Lignin Fiber

    Yunxia Zhou1, Hisham Essawy2, Ai Liu1, Chenyu Yang1, Defa Hou1, Xiaojian Zhou1,*, Guanben Du1, Jun Zhang1,*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 837-852, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022792
    Abstract This study presents an easily prepared film based on alkaline starch-polyvinyl alcohol hybrid and lignin fiber as an additive (SPL film). The SPL film was prepared under acidic conditions through a polycondensation reaction of PVA and a mixture incorporating alkaline starch and lignin fiber from agriculture or forest source. The examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of SPL film was smooth and the lignin fiber had good compatibility within the film hybrid. Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) investigations indicated that alkaline starch and lignin fiber reacted with PVA under acidic conditions… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Preparation of Film Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified by Alkaline Starch and Lignin Fiber

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Synthesis and Properties of Rosin-Based Composite Acrylamide Hydrogels

    Shuangsheng Zhang, Bin Sun, Siyu Li, Xiangyu Lin, Muhua Chen*, Xu Xu*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 853-865, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022901
    Abstract Hydrogels have been widely applied in agricultural drought-resistance, pollution regulation, drug delivery and so on. Acrylamide (AM) is usually used as raw material to synthesize acrylamide hydrogels. However, inherently low mechanical strength greatly limits their applications in some special areas. Therefore, it is necessary to choose suitable functional monomers to optimize acrylamide hydrogels and improve their mechanical performances. In this paper, a novel acrylamide monomer modified by rosin was synthesized, and then polyacrylamide/rosin-based acrylamide (RAM) composite hydrogels were prepared via free radical polymerization using potassium persulfate as initiator, N, N′-methylene-bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker. The influence of RAM monomer was… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Synthesis and Properties of Rosin-Based Composite Acrylamide Hydrogels

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    The Promoting Effect of Multifunctional Groups on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PVC Materials

    Mei Wang1,*, Xinzhu Fan1, Xianghai Song2, Quan Bu1,*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 867-880, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022996
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Renewable Biomass as a Platform for Preparing Green Chemistry)
    Abstract The development of PVC materials grafted with mannich base originated from myrcene (P-MAM-g, where the mannich base derived from myrcene is abbreviated as MAM) via green and effective synthetic methods is a good strategy to avoid unacceptable discoloration and deterioration of thermal and mechanical properties caused by autocatalytic dehydrochlorination (DHC) during PVC processing. In this study, MAM with double bonds, amino groups, ester groups, and phospholipid groups was introduced into the chains of PVC to improve the thermal stability of PVC. The experimental results showed that the covalent attachment of MAM to PVC enhanced both the initial and the long-term… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Workability and Strength of Ceramsite Self-Compacting Concrete with Steel Slag Sand

    Suiwei Pan1, Anqi Ren1, Yongli Peng1, Min Wu2, Wanguo Dong3, Chunlin Liu2, Depeng Chen2,*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 881-904, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023000
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Circular Economy in the Development of Eco-Friendly Materials for Construction)
    Abstract This study focuses on the workability and compressive strength of ceramsite self-compacting concrete with fine aggregate partially substituted by steel slag sand (CSLSCC) to prevent the pollution of steel slag in the environment. The SF, J-ring, visual stability index, and sieve analysis tests are primarily employed in this research to investigate the workability of freshly mixed self-compacting concrete containing steel slag at various steel slag sand replacement rates. The experiment results indicate that CSLSCC with the 20% volume percentage of steel slag (VPS) performs better workability, higher strength, and higher specific strength. The 7-day compressive strength of CSLSCC with the… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Workability and Strength of Ceramsite Self-Compacting Concrete with Steel Slag Sand

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Experimental and Numerical Study on Progressive Collapse Analysis of a Glulam Frame Structure: I. Side Column Exposed to Fire

    Xiaowu Cheng, Xinyan Tao, Lu Wang*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 905-920, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023196
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Bio-based Composite/Hybrid Structures and Components)
    Abstract This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on progressive collapse behavior of a two-story glulam frame when the side column is exposed to ISO834 standard fire. The collapse mechanism initiated by fire is identified. The experimental results show that the progressive collapse of a glulam frame could be described for three stages, namely bending effect stage, catenary effect stage and failure stage, respectively. These stages are discussed in detail to understand the structural behavior before and during collapse. It is demonstrated that the entire frame slopes towards the side of the heated column, and the “overturning” collapse occurs eventually. The… More >

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    ARTICLE

    Research on Infrared Emissivity and Laser Reflectivity of Sn1−xErxO2 Micro/Nanofibers Based on First-Principles

    Yuanjia Xia, Fang Zhao*, Zhizun Li, Zhaogang Cheng, Jianwei Hu
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 921-936, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022840
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Natural Fibre Composites: Design, Materials Selection and Fabrication)
    Abstract Sn1−xErxO2 (x = 0%, 8%, 16%, 24%) micro/nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning combined with heat treatment using erbium nitrate, stannous chloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as raw materials. The target products were characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer, X-ray diffrotometer, fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, spectrophotometer and infrared emissivity tester, and the effects of Er3+ doping on its infrared and laser emissivity were studied. At the same time, the Sn1−xErxO2 (x = 0%, 16%) doping models were constructed based on the first principles of density functional theory, and the related optoelectronic properties such as their energy band structure, density of states,… More >

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    REVIEW

    Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sustainable Concrete Manufactured Using Ceramic Waste: A Review

    Peng Zhang1, Peishuo Zhang1, Jingjiang Wu2, Zhenhui Guo2, Yong Zhang2, Yuanxun Zheng1,*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 937-974, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023290
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Sustainable Concrete with Recyclable Materials)
    Abstract Green and sustainable concrete has attracted significant attention from the construction industry and researchers since it was proposed. The ceramic waste materials are often directly buried in the ground or placed in an open dump, and the accumulation of ceramic waste contributes to environmental pollution, which makes the recycling of ceramic waste quite urgent. Owing to the pozzolanic activity, excellent mechanical properties and durability, industrial ceramic waste is considered as a suitable substitute for cement or natural aggregates to fabricate renewable concrete. In this paper, the pozzolanic activity of ceramic waste and the workability, mechanical performance, and durability of ceramic… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Activities of Extracts from Different Parts of 7 Zingiberaceae Plants

    Lixian Wu1,#, Yongquan Li1,#, Qiaoguang Li2, Jingxuan Li1, Qinghua Lao1, Yucheng Zhong1, Hui Zhang1,*, Xiu Hu1,*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 975-989, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023547
    Abstract This study aimed to explore the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of extracts from different parts of plants in the Zingiberaceae family. The inhibitory rate, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of leaf and stem, and root and rhizome extracts from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata, Alpinia oxyphylla Miq × Alpinia henryi K. Schumann, Alpinia oblongifolia Hayata, Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) Burtt, Amomum villosum Lour, Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith and Alpinia oxyphylla Miq were determined using the fungus cake method and double dilution method. The seven Zingiberaceae plants exhibited characteristic antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. At a… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Characterization of Curing and Bonding of Wood with Adhesive Mixtures of Liquefied Wood and Hexamethylenediamine

    Jure Žigon1,*, Vit Šeda2, Petr Čermák2, Milan Šernek1
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 991-1001, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023584
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Characterization of the Curing of Bio-Based Adhesives)
    Abstract Various crosslinking agents can be added to the formulations of natural-based adhesives for wood bonding in order to achieve better durability and higher strength of the formed joints. In the present study, the effect of hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) addition on the performance of liquefied wood (LW) adhesive for wood bonding is investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry showed the improved thermal stability and crosslinking of the LW adhesive with HMDA. The intensified presence of amide linkages (C–N bonds) was found in LW+HMDA with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of the bonded joints using an automated bonding evaluation system showed that… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Preparation and Properties of Chinese Lacquer Modified by Methylolureas

    Qiang Xiao1,2, Yanjun Cao1,2, Hailu Tan1,2, Qiaoling Feng1,2, Xinyue Gu1,2, Jianhua Lyu1,2, Hui Xiao1,2, Ming Chen1,2,*, Yuzhu Chen1,2,*
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 1003-1016, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023621
    (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Bio-Composite Materials and Structures-2021)
    Abstract In this study, different molar of methylolureas (MMU) were used to improve the properties and drying speed of the raw lacquer (RL). The drying time, gloss, pencil hardness and impact resistance of the lacquer film were tested. The thermal behaviors and chemical structures of the lacquer membrane were also discussed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, respectively. The results demonstrated that lower molar ratio MMU can significantly improve the properties of lacquer. The TGA analysis showed that the modified lacquer had high thermal stability than that of the control. The FT-IR… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Preparation and Properties of Chinese Lacquer Modified by Methylolureas

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Introducing Conductive Organic Carrier on Properties of Low-Temperature Conductive Silver Paste

    Peng Chen*, Wentao Shi, Jian Wan, Lu Huang
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 1017-1029, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.023699
    Abstract The poly(epoxy-N-methylaniline) conductive organic carrier was used as the bonding phase of the low-temperature conductive silver paste. Then, this was mixed with different proportions of silver powder to prepare the lowtemperature conductive silver paste. Afterwards, the effect of the conductive organic carrier on the properties of the low-temperature conductive silver paste was determined by IR, DMA and SEM. The results revealed that the prepared conductive paste has good conductivity, film-forming performance, printing performance, low-temperature curing performance, and anti-aging performance. When the mass percentage of the bonding phase/conductive phase was 40/60, the lowest volume resistivity of the conductive silver paste was… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Effect of Introducing Conductive Organic Carrier on Properties of Low-Temperature Conductive Silver Paste

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