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ARTICLE

Antonio Pizzi^*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02026-0056 - 28 July 2026
Abstract Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP-MAS ¹³C NMR) analysis of commercial procyanidin (pine bark) and delphinidin (pecan nut membranes) condensed flavonoid tannin extracts reacted with hexamethylenetetramine (hexamine) have shown that due to the highly reactive imino-amino methylene species formed before its degradation reaches the generation of formaldehyde, benzylamine bridges between the flavonoid units are formed. This study shows that tannin-based biobenzoxazines are also generated at the same time, with both benzylamines and benzoxazines bridges being in more marked proportions, the more reactive the tannin reacted with hexamethylenetetramine is. This is not More >

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REVIEW

Kelly Leite dos Santos Castro Assis¹, Druval Santos de Sá¹, Bruno da Silva Marques¹, Carolina Carvalho de Mello¹, João Lucas Marques Barros², Henrique Carvalhais Milanezi², João Batista Oliveira dos Santos², Carlos Alberto Franchini¹, Bráulio Soares Archanjo¹, Carlos Alberto Achete¹, Adriana Maria da Silva^1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02025-0233 - 28 July 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable Nanostructured Porous Materials: Synthesis, Processing, and Applications)
Abstract The transition toward a circular economy and zero-waste strategies has driven increasing interest in biomass-derived carbon materials as sustainable alternatives to conventional catalyst supports. Agricultural and industrial residues can be converted into porous carbons with high surface area, tunable porosity, and rich surface chemistry, enabling waste valorization and stabilization of metal species ranging from nanoparticles to single atoms. These properties support their application across heterogeneous catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrochemical systems, revealing cross-cutting opportunities among these fields. Despite these advantages, challenges remain, including feedstock heterogeneity, energy-intensive processing, scalability limitations, and the lack of standardized methodologies. This More >

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ARTICLE

Nathan Jourdainne^1,2, Mathilda Ekholm¹, Nawel Belkessa¹, Antonin Vignon¹, Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli¹, Christelle Combeaud², Jean-Luc Bouvard², Nathanael Guigo^1,2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02026-0040 - 28 July 2026
Abstract This study investigates the valorization of mussel shell waste as a bio-derived filler in poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) to promote sustainable materials aligned with circular economy principles. Mussel shells, a seafood industry byproduct rich in biogenic calcium carbonate, were ground into powder and incorporated into PLLA at 10–50 wt%. The resulting composites were thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and uniaxial tensile testing to assess morphological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Incorporation of… More >

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SHORT COMMUNICATION

Siti Norasmah Surip¹, Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar^1,*, Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah², Ing Kong³
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0182 - 28 July 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites)
Abstract Most studies on kenaf fibre composites focus on the bast due to its higher fibre yield and strength, while the core is often neglected. In this work, Polylactic Acid (PLA) matrix was reinforced with both kenaf bast and core fibres at a 49:1 wt% ratio. The fibres were chemically treated and cryo-crushed to improve bonding and dispersion. Mechanical testing revealed that treated Kenaf Core Composites (KCC) exhibited comparable flexural and impact properties to Kenaf Bast Composites (KBC), with flexural strengths of 46.19 and 46.52 MPa, respectively, and impact strengths of 5.8 and 4.4 J/m. Meanwhile, More >

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REVIEW

Nuhu Lawal^1,2, Adekunle Adeleke^2,3, Petrus Nzerem^2,4, Chizoma Adewumi^2,5, Frank Ogundolie^2,6, Esther Anosike-Francis^2,3, Waliyi Adeleke^2,3, Seun Jesuloluwa^2,3,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02025-0203 - 28 July 2026
Abstract The environmental concerns of petroleum-based plastics, including their non-biodegradability, contribution to pollution, and reliance on finite fossil resources, have motivated growing global interest in biodegradable alternatives, with starch-based bioplastics emerging as a promising solution due to their renewability, biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with existing processing technologies. This review synthesizes recent developments, challenges, and analytical techniques related to starch-based bioplastics. It examines the physicochemical properties of starch, modification methods such as plasticization, blending, and chemical treatments, and key production techniques including extrusion, injection molding, and 3D printing. Mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties are evaluated through standardized More >

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ARTICLE

Harmiansyah^1,2, Maisy Pitaloka Sinaga¹, Sheilla Ika Amalia¹, Salma Hanan Arwinda¹, Al Aqib Anugerah Ramadhan¹, Hervianna Indira Kusuma Riandara¹, Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim^3,4,5, Mohd Shahrieel Mohd Aras⁶, Melbi Mahardika^3,7,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02026-0007 - 28 July 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Eco-friendly Wood-Based Composites: Design, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications – Ⅱ)
Abstract The limited mechanical performance of starch-based bioplastic films, particularly their low strength and stiffness, remains a major challenge for their broader application as sustainable packaging materials. This study aims to address this issue by utilizing cellulose fibers extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) waste as a reinforcing agent in corn starch–based bioplastic films. The bioplastic films were fabricated using a solution casting method with varying cellulose contents and subsequently characterized to evaluate their mechanical properties, crystalline structure, and thermal stability. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of cellulose fibers significantly enhances the tensile… More >

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