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Nila Cecília Faria Lopes Medeiros^1,2, Gisele Amaral-Labat¹, Leonardo Iusuti de Medeiros^1,2, Alan Fernando Ney Boss¹, Beatriz Carvalho da Silva Fonseca¹, Manuella Gobbo de Castro Munhoz³, Guilherme F. B. Lenz e Silva³, Mauricio Ribeiro Baldan¹, Flavia Lega Braghiroli^4,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1021-1042, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0017 - 23 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable Nanostructured Porous Materials: Synthesis, Processing, and Applications)
Abstract Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from the thermochemical conversion of biomass under oxygen-free conditions, has emerged as a sustainable resource for radar-absorbing technologies. This study explores the production of activated biochars from end-of-life wood panels using a scalable and sustainable physical activation method with CO₂ at different temperatures, avoiding the extensive use of corrosive chemicals and complex procedures associated with chemical or vacuum activation. Compared to conventional chemically or vacuum-activated biochars, the physically activated biochar demonstrated competitive performance while minimizing environmental impact, operational complexity, and energy consumption. Furthermore, activation at 750°C reduces energy consumption by 14%… More >

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Panji Setya Utama Putra¹, Damar Rastri Adhika^2,3,*, Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan Asri⁴, Suprijadi Suprijadi^3,5
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1043-1070, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0002 - 23 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Special issue from 1st International Conference of Natural Fiber and Biocomposite (1st ICONFIB) 2024 )
Abstract The continuous increase in petroleum-based plastic food packaging has led to numerous environmental concerns. One effort to reduce the use of plastic packaging in food is through preservation using biopolymer-based packaging. Among the many types of biopolymers, chitosan is widely used and researched due to its non-toxic, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. Chitosan is widely available since it is a compound extracted from seafood waste, especially shrimps and crabs. The biodegradability and biocompatibility of chitosan also showed good potential for various applications. These characteristics and properties make chitosan an attractive biopolymer to be implemented as food… More >

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Farah Syazwani Shahar¹, Thinesh Sharma Balakrishnan², Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan^2,3,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1071-1101, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.02024-0011 - 23 June 2025
Abstract In this comprehensive review, the evolution and progress of bioplastics are examined, with an emphasis on their types, production methods, environmental impact, and biodegradability. In light of the increasing global efforts to address environmental degradation, bioplastics have emerged as a highly potential substitute for conventional petroleum-based plastics. This review classifies various categories of bioplastics, encompassing both biodegradable and bio-based variations, and assesses their environmental consequences using life cycle evaluations and biodegradability calculations. This paper analyzes the technological advancements that have enhanced the mechanical and thermal characteristics of bioplastics, hence increasing their feasibility for extensive commercial… More >

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Tongtong Wang^1,#, Zhenhui Pan^2,#, Di Zhang², Hui Shi^1,2,*, Murat Yılmaz³, Amit Kumar⁴, Gaurav Sharma⁴, Tao Liu^2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1103-1137, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0043 - 23 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Biochar and Carbon-Based Materials Characteristics and Environment Applications)
Abstract With the rapid development of industry, the environmental problems caused by heavy metal arsenic and antimony are becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of arsenic and antimony pollution in the water environment. Renewable carbon-based materials, as a kind of adsorbent widely used in wastewater treatment, have been the focus of scholars’ research for many years. In this review, the preparation methods, characteristics, and applications of renewable carbon-based materials (biochar, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene) for the removal of arsenic and antimony are described in detail. Based on adsorption kinetics,… More >

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Mariia Dmitrenko¹, Daniel Pasquini^2,*, Marcela Piassi Bernardo², João Marcelo de Lima Alves², Anna Kuzminova¹, Ilnur Dzhakashov¹, Andrey Terentyev³, Alexander Dyachkov³, K. S. Joshy⁴, Maya Jacob John⁵, Sabu Thomas⁴, Anastasia Penkova^1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1139-1168, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0023 - 23 June 2025
Abstract Petrochemical plastics are widely used for food protection and preservation; however, they exhibit poor biodegradability, resisting natural degradation through physical, chemical, or enzymatic processes. As a sustainable alternative to conventional plastic packaging, edible films offer effective barriers against moisture, gases, and microbial contamination while being biodegradable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. In this study, novel active food packaging materials (in film form) were developed by incorporating starch, carrageenan, nanocellulose (NC), Aloe vera, and hibiscus flower extract. The effects of varying the matrix composition (26.5–73.5 wt.% starch/carrageenan), NC concentration (2.77–17.07 wt.%), and particle type (fibers or crystals) on… More >

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Enas Hassan¹, Wafaa Abou-Elseoud^1,2, Samar El-Mekkawi³, Mohammad Hassan^1,2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1169-1187, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0030 - 23 June 2025
Abstract Saccharification of lignocellulosic wastes is the bottleneck of different bio-based chemical industries. Using enzymes for saccharification of lignocellulosic materials has several advantages over using chemicals. In the current work, the application of the Maximyze^® enzyme system, which is industrially used in papermaking, was investigated in the saccharification of paper sludge and fiber dust wastes from the tissue paper industry. For optimizing the saccharification process, the effects of the consistency %, enzyme loading, and incubation time were studied and optimized using the Response Surface Methodology. The effect of these factors on the weight loss of paper sludge… More >

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Andris Berzins^1,2, Ramunas Tupciauskas^1,*, Gunars Pavlovics¹, Martins Andzs¹
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1189-1207, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0067 - 23 June 2025
Abstract This study examines the development of loose-fill thermal insulation materials derived from annual plant residues, such as wheat straw, water reeds, and corn stalks, processed using the chemimechanical pulping (CMP) technique. The chopped plants were soda-cooked for 30 min, varying NaOH concentration (2%–8% on a dry basis of biomass), and mechanically refined using different disc types. The CMP process enhances the homogeneity and stability of defibrated material, yielding improved insulation properties compared to untreated chopped raw materials. Chemical analysis revealed that CMP increases cellulose content and reduces lignin levels, enhancing water retention and vapor diffusion… More >

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201

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Noverra Mardhatillah Nizardo^1,*, Alifah Nurul Saffanah¹, Annisa Fitri Salsabila¹, Amanda Aurellia Putri¹, Aniek Sri Handayani², Azizah Intan Pangesty³, Mochamad Chalid³
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1209-1227, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0068 - 23 June 2025
Abstract Food packaging is becoming popular as the consumption of ready-to-eat food products rises. Easy-to-use, non-biodegradable plastic packaging is commonly used in food packaging, contributing to the deteriorating environmental situation. This issue increases the concern for the environment and encourages the usage of alternative materials. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are abundant and biodegradable, which makes them ideal candidates to replace plastic coatings. The ability to form H-bonds between the hydroxyl groups makes coated paper with CNF have good strength, but poor barrier properties. The barrier properties can be improved by grafting DMAEMA or HEMA onto CNF (CNF-g-PDMAEMA… More >

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Zhenzhou Wang¹, Rui Luo¹, Wenqing Yang¹, Seng Hua Lee^2,*, Wei Chen Lum³, Longjiang Liu⁴, Xiaojian Zhou¹, Jun Zhang^1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1229-1249, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0073 - 23 June 2025
Abstract Highly flame-retardant bio-based composites were prepared in this study. Firstly, glucose-citric acid (GC) resin was synthesized through the interaction of glucose and citric acid derived from agricultural and forestry sources. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) served as a toughening agent, whereas walnut shell powder (WSP) functioned as a filler in the formulation of a thermosetting bio-based GC-PVA-WSP (GCPW) composite with GC resin. The findings demonstrated that boric acid increased the limited oxygen index (LOI) value of GCPW to 33%, while simultaneously diminishing its total smoke production (TSP) by 99.9%, and achieving a flame retardant index (FRI) of More >

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Hammadi El Farissi^1,2,*, Anass Choukoud^1,2, Bouchaib Manoun^3,4, Mohamed El Massaoudi^5,6, Abdelmonaem Talhaoui²
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1251-1266, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0004 - 23 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Biochar and Carbon-Based Materials Characteristics and Environment Applications)
Abstract In light of the growing urgency to address environmental degradation and improve carbon sequestration strategies, this study rigorously investigates the potential of Cistus ladaniferus as a viable feedstock for biochar and activated carbon production. The influence of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and particle size on biochar yield was systematically examined. The results demonstrate that increasing pyrolysis temperature and heating rate significantly reduces biochar yield, while particle size plays a crucial role in thermal degradation and biochar retention. To evaluate the structural and chemical properties of the materials, various characterization techniques were employed, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy… More >

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