Open Access
ARTICLE
Ros Syazmini Mohd Ghani1,2,3,*, Mohamad Saiful Sulaiman1,2,3, Sofiyah Mohd Razali2,4, Madihan Yusof2, Ellisha Iling1,2,3
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0174
Abstract The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven research into non-wood biomass for engineered composites. This study reports the preliminary fabrication and evaluation of cross-laminated panels (CLPs) made from Nipah palm (Nypa fruticans) petioles bonded with a bio-epoxy resin adhesive. Panels were manufactured at three target densities (400, 600, and 800 kg/m3) and evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties. Physical tests included moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling, while mechanical tests measured compressive and flexural strength in accordance with JIS A 5908:2022 and ASTM D1037 standards. The results showed that higher panel density More >
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Open Access
REVIEW
Sevakumaran Vigneswari1,2,*, Muhammad Shahrul Md Noor3, Fazilah Ariffin3,4, Azila Adnan3,4, Amirah Alias3, Lakshmanan Muthulakshmi5, Hemalatha Murugaiah6, Nor Omaima Harun3,4, Nurul Nadhirah Ruzelan3, Lakshiminarayanan Rajamani2
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0148
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Functional Materials)
Abstract The escalating accumulation of agro-industrial waste—exceeding 350 million tons annually from post-harvest residues, food processing, and aquaculture—poses serious environmental threats, including greenhouse gas emissions, groundwater contamination, and excessive landfill usage. Although conventional treatment methods such as composting, incineration, and recycling offer partial mitigation, they often fall short of delivering scalable, circular solutions. Microbial biorefineries have emerged as a transformative approach, enabling the conversion of diverse biomass streams into high-value renewable materials. Through microbial fermentation, agricultural and municipal waste can be repurposed into functional outputs such as nanocellulose, biochar, and biocompatible compounds with applications in packaging, More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Claudia M. L. Bevilaqua1,*, José Vilemar de Araújo-Filho2, Livia F. Ximenes1, Henety N. Pinheiro1, Flávia O. M. da Silva Abreu3, Débora S. C. M. Castelo Branco4, Ana Carolina F. L. Melo4, Weibson P. P. André1, Wesley L. C. Ribeiro5, Lorena M. B. de Oliveira1
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0138
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biobased Nanoemulsions for a Sustainable Future)
Abstract Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil (EsEO) has well-known anthelmintic activity in small ruminants. However, its volatility limits its therapeutic action. The aim of this study was to develop a water-in-oil sodium alginate-based nanoemulsion with an effective in vitro effect on the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus, a gastrointestinal parasite of sheep and goats. Four oil-in-water sodium alginate-based emulsions were prepared using a high-energy method with different proportions of Tween 80, EsEO, and sodium alginate (ALG) 4%. The physical-chemical characterization included stability, particle size, zeta potential and infrared spectra. The effects of the emulsions were evaluated against H. contortus via… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Devita Amelia1, R. A. Ilyas1,2,*, Hairul Abral2,3, Mochamad Asrofi4, Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal2,5, Mohamad Zaki Hassan6, Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim2,7,8, Nurul Fazita Mohammad Rawi2,7,8, Nasrullah Razali9, Melbi Mahardika2,7,8,10,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0147
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: From Nature to Function: Natural Fiber Cellulose and Starch-Based Materials for a Sustainable Composites)
Abstract This study characterizes biocomposites derived from jicama starch and reinforced with microfibers obtained from jicama bagasse (JB). The incorporation of jicama bagasse microfibers into the jicama matrix was systematically varied at concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%. The starch film and biocomposite were prepared using solution casting methodologies, employing glycerol as a plasticizing agent. The biocomposites were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the moisture absorption and tensile properties were evaluated. The jicama starch contained 44% w/w amylose, whereas the jicama bagasse microfiber contained… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Francisco Daniel García1,2, Solange Nicole Aigner1,2, Natalia Raffaeli3, Antonio José Barotto3, Eleana Spavento3, Mariano Martín Escobar1,4, Marcela Angela Mansilla1,4, Alejandro Bacigalupe1,4,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0181
Abstract This study explores the use of black soldier fly larvae protein as a bio-based adhesive to produce particleboards from sugarcane bagasse. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted, including rheological characterization of the adhesive and physical–mechanical testing of the panels according to European standards. The black soldier fly larvae-based adhesive exhibited gel-like viscoelastic behavior, rapid partial structural recovery after shear, and favorable application properties. Particleboards manufactured with this adhesive and sugarcane bagasse achieved promising mechanical performance, with modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity values of 30.2 and 3500 MPa, respectively. Internal bond strength exceeded 0.4 MPa,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili1,*, Antonio Pizzi2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0179
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable and Biosourced Adhesives-2023)
Abstract The aim of this research was to synthesize a new totally bio wood adhesive entailing the use of oxidized starch (OST), urea, and oxidized lignin (OL). For this reason, non-modified (L) and oxidized lignin (OL) at different contents (20%, 30%, and 40%) were used to prepare the starch-urea-lignin (SUL) and starch-urea-oxidized lignin (SUOL) resin. Sodium persulfate (SPS) as oxidizer was employed to oxidize both starch and lignin. Urea was just used as a low cost and effective crosslinker in the resin composition. The properties of the synthesized resins and the plywood panels bonded with them… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Cristiane Michele Alves de Oliveira1, Bruna Carolina Dorm1, Antonio José Felix Carvalho2, Deliane da Silva Cabral2, Flávia Aparecida Resende Nogueira1, Nádia Andrade Aleixo1, Mônica Rosas Costa Iemma1, Eliane Trovatti1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0166
Abstract Materials from natural sources have been studied to replace the conventional synthetic or animal-derived products as a safer alternative to be used in the healthcare field. In dentistry, guided bone regeneration (GBR) relies on barrier membranes, predominantly from animals or synthetic materials, to improve osteogenesis by avoiding undesired soft tissue cells from defect sites. In this study, membranes were prepared from zein, a corn-derived protein, using a simple extraction and casting method, followed by optional formaldehyde cross-linking to evaluate their behavior for application in GBR. The membranes were characterised by FTIR, DSC, TGA, tensile strength… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Hikaru Kobori1, Emilia-Adela Manea Salca2,*, Tetsuya Inagaki3, Shigehiko Suzuki4, Sahriyanti Saad5, Aujchariya Chotikhun6
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0152
Abstract Heat treatment is applied to wood to improve various properties of the material. The present study focuses on the colour changes of wood veneer samples due to heat treatment. Native wood species from Japan and Europe, such as Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var. crispula), field maple (Acer campestre) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were used in the experiments. A laboratory-type oven was used to apply the heat at a temperature of 190°C, in the presence of oxygen, for different periods, gradually increasing from 5 to 40 min. The CIELab system (a colour space defined by the International Commission… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Kezheng Gao1, Shuaifei Li1, Qingyuan Niu2, Xiaojing Zhang2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0108
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Functional Materials)
Abstract The current global shortage of oil resources and the pollution problems caused by traditional barrier materials urgently require the search for new substitutes. Biodegradable bio-based barrier materials possess the characteristics of being renewable, environmentally friendly, and having excellent barrier properties. They have become an important choice in fields such as food packaging, agricultural film covering, and medical protection. This review systematically analyzes the design and research of this type of material, classifying biobased and biodegradable barrier materials based on the sources of raw materials and synthesis pathways. It also provides a detailed introduction to the More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Nattawat Mahasuwanchai, Thippakorn Udtaranakron, Kasan Chanto, Tawich Pulngern*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0137
Abstract This research investigates the behavior of sandwich glued laminated bamboo (Glubam) structures with a core formed by biodegradable plastic fibers, specifically polylactic acid (PLA), fabricated using 3D printing technology. The influence of various fiber printing orientations (0° and 45/135°) on tensile and compressive properties was investigated. The experimental results indicated that polylactic acid with calcium carbonate (PLA+) printed unidirectionally and aligned with the loading direction (0°) exhibits superior tensile and compressive strengths compared to specimens printed bidirectionally at 45/135°. Furthermore, the effect of additives on bioplastics of carbon fiber (PLA-CF) and glass fiber (PLA-GF) additives… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Sarina Sulaiman*, Muhammad Faris
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0105
Abstract In this study, Palm kernel shell (PKS) is utilized as a raw material to produce activated biochar as adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater, specifically methylene blue (MB) dye, by utilizing a simplified and cost-effective approach. Production of activated biochar was carried out using both a furnace and a domestic microwave oven without an inert atmosphere. Three samples of palm kernel shell (PKS) based activated biochar labeled as samples A, B and C were carbonized inside the furnace at 800°C for 1 h and then activated using the microwave-heating technique with varying heating times (0,… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Cheng Zhang, Rui Zhang, Yu Shao, Jiabin Wang, Qianyue Yang, Fang Xie, Rongling Yang, Hongzhen Luo*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0157
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Process and Engineering of Lignocellulose Utilization)
Abstract Biomass is a resource whose organic carbon is formed from atmospheric carbon dioxide. It has numerous characteristics such as low carbon emissions, renewability, and environmental friendliness. The efficient utilization of biomass plays a significant role in promoting the development of clean energy, alleviating environmental pressures, and achieving carbon neutrality goals. Among the numerous processing technologies of biomass, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising thermochemical process that can decompose and convert biomass into hydrochar under relatively mild conditions of approximately 180°C–300°C, thereby enabling its efficient resource utilization. In addition, HTC can directly process feedstocks with high… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Victor De Araujo1,2,3,*, Pedro Jardim3,4, Poliana Pessôa3, Juliano Vasconcelos2,5, Matheus Souza6, José Garcia7, Jozef Švajlenka8, André Christoforo3,1
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0127
Abstract Finger-joint lumber is a sustainable building product commercialized as a structural solution for beams, pillars and other thin flat load-bearing elements. This study aims to study finger-joint lumber and its industry to promote this engineered wood product. The first research stage assessed the collection of publications on finger-joint lumber available globally, in which a structured protocol was developed to prospect studies based on two complementary methodologies: PRISMA 2020 using Scopus and Web of Science databases, and Snowball using both forward and backward models to complete with additional literature. The second research stage assessed finger-joint lumber… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
H. A. Aisyah1,*, I. Nur Azreena2, E. Hishamuddin1, A.W. Noorshamsiana1, N. M. Nurazzi2
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0141
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: From Nature to Function: Natural Fiber Cellulose and Starch-Based Materials for a Sustainable Composites)
Abstract Oil palm fiber is a natural fiber derived from agricultural biomass and has gained significant attention as an alternative reinforcement material in composite materials due to its abundance, renewability, and environmental benefits. This review explores the various enhancement techniques applied to oil palm fiber to improve its properties for composite material development. Key areas of focus include chemical treatments, physical modifications, and hybridization with other fibers to improve fiber-matrix bonding, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. Integration of nanomaterials and bio-based resins to enhance the performance and sustainability of oil palm fiber composites is also discussed. More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Aadarsha Lamichhane1, Arun Kuttoor Vasudevan1, Ethan Dean1, Mostafa Mohammadabadi1,*, Kevin Ragon1, Ardeshir Adeli2
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0146
Abstract This study explores a novel method for processing cotton stalks—an abundant agricultural byproduct—into long strips that serve as sustainable raw material for engineered bio-based panels. To evaluate the effect of raw material morphology on panel’s performance, two types of cotton stalk-based panels were developed: one using long strips, maintaining fiber continuity, and the other using ground particles, representing conventional processing. A wood strand-based panel made from commercial southern yellow pine strands served as the control. All panels were bonded using phenol-formaldehyde resin and hot-pressed to a target thickness of 12.7 mm and density of 640 kg/m3.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jingxiang Meng1, Xin Liu1, Wenping Zeng1, Jianjun Song2, Songyi Liao1, Yonggang Min1,2,*, Jintao Huang1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0098
Abstract Biomass-derived hard carbon has gradually become an important component of sodium-ion batteries’ anodes. In this work, Setaria viridis, a widely distributed plant, was employed as a precursor to synthesize hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries. However, the hard carbon derived from raw precursors contains substantial impurities, which limit the performance of the obtained hard carbon. With different chemical etching processes, the content of impurities in the resultants was reduced to varying degrees. The optimized hard carbon anode delivered a reversible capacity of 198 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.04 A g−1. This work shows the More >
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Open Access
Jiazi Wang, Yanxia An*, Jingyuan Su, Keke Liu, Jian Zhang, Yang Zhao, Linlin Li
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0151
Abstract Lignin, the most abundant natural aromatic polymer globally, has garnered considerable interest due to its rich and diverse active functional groups and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and adhesive properties. Recent research has significantly improved the performance of lignin-based hydrogels, suggesting their substantial potential in fields such as biomedicine, environmental science, and agriculture. This paper reviews the process of lignin extraction, systematically introduces synthesis strategies for preparing lignin-based hydrogels, and discusses the current state of research on these hydrogels in biomedical and environmental protection fields. It concludes by identifying the existing challenges in lignin hydrogel research and More >
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Open Access
Raviduth Ramful*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0116
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Eco-friendly Wood-Based Composites: Design, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications – Ⅱ)
Abstract Typically used thermal insulation materials such as foam insulation and fibreglass may pose notable health risks and environmental impacts thereby resulting in respiratory irritation and waste disposal issues, respectively. While these materials are affordable and display good thermal insulation, their unsustainable traits pertaining to an intensive manufacturing process and poor disposability are major concerns. Alternative insulation materials with enhanced sustainable characteristics are therefore being explored, and one type of material which has gained notable attention owing to its low carbon footprint and low thermal conductivity is natural fibre. Among the few review studies conducted on… More >
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Open Access
Awanda Wira Anggini1,2, Rita Kartika Sari1,*, Dede Hermawan1, Muhammad Iqbal Maulana2, Wahyu Hidayat3, Bora Jeong4, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis2,5,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0114
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable and Biosourced Adhesives-2023)
Abstract Recent advancements in developing tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins have unlocked new possibilities for sustainable and eco-friendly wood adhesives. Unlike conventional polyurethane, NIPUs eliminate hazardous isocyanates, offering safer alternatives for industrial applications. Tannin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, plays a pivotal role in enhancing these resins’ fire-resistance and super-hydrophobic properties. This review highlights key developments in synthesizing tannin-based NIPU, focusing on various polymerization techniques such as polyaddition, polycondensation, ring-opening polymerization, and rearrangement. These strategies contribute to improved mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to water absorption. Recent studies demonstrate that tannin-based NIPU adhesives meet or… More >
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Open Access
REVIEW
Hauwau Kaoje1,2, Adekunle Adeleke2,3,*, Esther Anosike-Francis2,3, Seun Jesuloluwa2,3, Temitayo Ogedengbe2,3, Hauwa Rasheed2, Jude Okolie4
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0109
Abstract The increasing need for sustainable energy and the environmental impacts of reliance on fossil fuels have sparked greater interest in biomass as a renewable energy source. This review provides an in-depth assessment of bio-oil and biochar generation through the pyrolysis of sawdust, a significant variety of lignocellulosic biomass. The paper investigates different thermochemical conversion methods, including fast, slow, catalytic, flash, and co-pyrolysis, while emphasizing their operational parameters, reactor designs, and effects on product yields. The influence of temperature, heating rate, and catalysts on enhancing the quality and quantity of bio-oil and biochar is thoroughly analyzed. More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Pingkan Aditiawati1, Kamarisima1, Rudi Dungani1,*, Tirto Prakoso2, Neil Priharto1, Muhammad Iqbal Ar-Razy Suwardi1, Muhammad Rizki Ramdhani1, Maya Fitriyanti1, Dzulianur Mutsla1, Widya Fatriasari3
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0113
Abstract This study aimed to produce and characterize mycelium leather (Mylea) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Variations in OPEFB composition (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were tested using a 10% w/w Ganoderma lucidum inoculum. The mycelium underwent boiling, plasticization, drying, pressing, waxing, and Tencel fabric reinforcement to form Mylea. The physical, mechanical, and flammability properties of OPEFB-based Mylea were evaluated as a potential animal leather substitute. The highest tensile strength (8.47 MPa) was observed in the 0% OPEFB sample due to reinforcement with the Tencel fabric layer. Meanwhile, the 20% OPEFB sample after drying More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Naile Karakehya1,2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0131
Abstract In the early years of the Industrial Revolution, the extensive use of fossil resources and energy-intensive production methods was widely accepted, even celebrated, as signs of progress. However, growing concerns over environmental degradation, resource depletion, and climate change have necessitated a transition toward more sustainable and environmentally responsible production strategies. Within this context, wick-and-oil flame synthesis has emerged as a simple, energy-efficient, and cost-effective method that utilizes natural oils as both fuel and renewable carbon sources for the generation of carbon nanoparticles, particularly carbon nano-onions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of this emerging synthesis… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Luthfi Hakim1,*, Yunida Syafriani Lubis2, Apri Heri Iswanto1, Harisyah Manurung1, Jayusman2, Widya Fatriasari3, Petar Antov4, Tomasz Rogoziński5, Lee Seng Hua6, Nur Izyan Wan Azelee7
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0078
Abstract Activated charcoals were synthesized from sugar palm bunches (SPB) of the native tree of Arenga longipes in Indonesia. The synthesized activated charcoal (AC) was characterized, and utilized as an absorbent for heavy metals (lead/Pb and copper/Cu) through thermal activation. The synthesis of AC was accomplished through furnace activation at temperatures of 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. Acid chlorides were blended with the SPB-AC samples at 5% impregnation level and subsequently subjected to washing for activation, resulting in the elimination of volatile substances and ash content, which facilitates the development of a porous structure in the activated… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Valentina Sergeevna Borovkova1,2,*, Yuriy Nikolaevich Malyar1,2, Vladislav Alexandrovich Ionin1,2, Alexander Sergeevich Kazachenko1,2
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0067
Abstract The valorization of plant biomass towards high-value chemicals is a global trend aimed at solving the problem of the huge accumulation of lignocellulosic waste. Plant polysaccharides are natural polymers that make up about 20% by weight of biomass, with a unique variety of structures and properties that depend on the type of raw materials and the method of their extraction. In this study, the effect of variability of the oxidative delignification process conditions in the «acetic acid-hydrogen peroxide-water-(NH4)6Mo7O24» on the extraction and properties of aspen (Populus tremula) wood hemicelluloses was investigated for the first time. The developed… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Zhiying Lin1, Boju Deng1, Qianqian Zhang1, Jingming Chen2, Xinqiang Ye3, Yuling Lan1, Jiuping Rao1,*, Mizi Fan4, Weigang Zhao1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0096
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable Nanostructured Porous Materials: Synthesis, Processing, and Applications)
Abstract Bio-derived carbon cryogels have garnered significant interest as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their high specific surface area (SSA), hierarchical porosity, and eco-friendly synthesis methods. In this study, a tannin-modified phenolic hydrogel was synthesized using a sustainable tannin–phenol precursor system and subsequently subjected to three distinct drying methods-freeze-drying (FD), supercritical drying (SCD), and ambient pressure drying (APD)-to systematically evaluate their influence on structural integrity, porosity, and electrochemical behavior. Among these, the sample obtained via freeze-drying (TPUF-FD) maintained the most intact porous network, minimizing structural collapse during sublimation of ice under vacuum. This preservation… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Maryam1,*, Rahayu Puji2, Luthfi Muhammad Zulfikar2, Ikhsandy Ferry2, Nadiyah Khairun1, Hidayat3, Ilyas Rushdan Ahmad4, Syafri Edi5
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0063
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Special issue from 1st International Conference of Natural Fiber and Biocomposite (1st ICONFIB) 2024 )
Abstract The development of the bioplastics industry addresses critical issues such as environmental pollution and food safety concerns. However, the industrialization of bioplastics remains underdeveloped due to challenges such as high production costs and suboptimal material characteristics. To enhance these characteristics, this study investigates bioplastics reinforced with Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC) derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB), incorporating dispersing agents. The research employs a Central Composite Design from the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with two factors: the type of dispersing agent (KCl and NaCl) and the NCC concentration from OPEFB (1%–5%), along with the dispersing… More >
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