Open Access
ARTICLE
K. Tilouche-Guerdelli, C. Lacoste*, D. Perrin, A. Bergeret*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02025-0229
Abstract In this study, tannins were investigated as sustainable flame retardants. The thermal and structural properties of tannic acid, chestnut, oak, and quebracho extracts were first characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry (PCFC). Quebracho exhibited the most promising thermal performance, showing the lowest heat release and the highest char yield (≈38 wt.%). To further improve their efficiency, quebracho tannins were phosphorylated using phytic acid (QPHYA) or phosphoric acid (QPHOA). Phosphorus contents reached 13% and 15%, respectively, as confirmed by ICP and SEM–EDX analyses, while FTIR and NMR… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Nathan Jourdainne1,2, Mathilda Ekholm1, Nawel Belkessa1, Antonin Vignon1, Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli1, Christelle Combeaud2, Jean-Luc Bouvard2, Nathanael Guigo1,2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02026-0040
Abstract This study investigates the valorization of mussel shell waste as a bio-derived filler in poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) to promote sustainable materials aligned with circular economy principles. Mussel shells, a seafood industry byproduct rich in biogenic calcium carbonate, were ground into powder and incorporated into PLLA at 10–50 wt%. The resulting composites were thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and uniaxial tensile testing to assess morphological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Incorporation of… More >
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Open Access
REVIEW
Kelly Leite dos Santos Castro Assis1, Druval Santos de Sá1, Bruno da Silva Marques1, Carolina Carvalho de Mello1, João Lucas Marques Barros2, Henrique Carvalhais Milanezi2, João Batista Oliveira dos Santos2, Carlos Alberto Franchini1, Bráulio Soares Archanjo1, Carlos Alberto Achete1, Adriana Maria da Silva1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02025-0233
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable Nanostructured Porous Materials: Synthesis, Processing, and Applications)
Abstract The transition toward a circular economy and zero-waste strategies has driven increasing interest in biomass-derived carbon materials as sustainable alternatives to conventional catalyst supports. Agricultural and industrial residues can be converted into porous carbons with high surface area, tunable porosity, and rich surface chemistry, enabling waste valorization and stabilization of metal species ranging from nanoparticles to single atoms. These properties support their application across heterogeneous catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrochemical systems, revealing cross-cutting opportunities among these fields. Despite these advantages, challenges remain, including feedstock heterogeneity, energy-intensive processing, scalability limitations, and the lack of standardized methodologies. This More >
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Open Access
REVIEW
Harmiansyah1,2,3, Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal1,2,4,5,*, Mohd Yazid Yahya1,2,5, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas1,4,5,6, Melbi Mahardika5,7
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02025-0207
Abstract Kenaf fibre has attracted increasing attention as a sustainable reinforcement material for polymer composites, particularly for applications in marine environments where lightweight structures, corrosion resistance, and environmental compatibility are essential. This review critically examines the current state of research on kenaf fibre–reinforced composites for marine applications, focusing on their mechanical performance, environmental durability, processing methods, and sustainability potential. Existing studies consistently indicate that kenaf fibres offer favourable strength-to-weight ratios, low density, and renewable characteristics, making them promising alternatives to conventional synthetic reinforcements. Surface modification techniques, including alkaline and silane treatments, have been widely reported to… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Wafaa Abou-Elseoud, Mohammad Hassan*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02025-0190
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Process and Engineering of Lignocellulose Utilization)
Abstract Cellulose-based materials have emerged as promising biomaterials for advanced water remediation technologies due to their bioavailability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and ease of chemical modification. Cellulose can be prepared in multiple forms, including nanomaterials such as cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and electrospun nanofibers. The abundant surface functional groups, such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, enable chemical tailoring, grafting, and composite formation with organic and inorganic additives, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon-based materials, and metal oxide nanoparticles. These modifications enhance pollutant removal through adsorption, catalysis, and antimicrobial activity, enabling the treatment of heavy metals, dyes, More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Elina Hishamuddin*, Fatiha Ismail, Stasha Eleanor Rosland Abel, Humaira Alias Aisyah, Abdul Wahab Noorshamsiana
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02025-0187
Abstract Oil palm trunks (OPT), abundantly available during plantation replanting, represent a renewable lignocellulosic resource for sustainable material applications. Although OPT-derived cellulose has been extensively explored, the influence of oil palm age on cellulose properties remains insufficiently understood. In this study, cellulose was isolated from OPT aged 21, 25, and 32 years and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM observations indicated more uniform and better-separated fibril structures in cellulose from older OPT, suggesting more effective removal of non-cellulosic components. FTIR confirmed successful cellulose isolation More >
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Open Access
REVIEW
Nuhu Lawal1,2, Adekunle Adeleke2,3, Petrus Nzerem2,4, Chizoma Adewumi2,5, Frank Ogundolie2,6, Esther Anosike-Francis2,3, Waliyi Adeleke2,3, Seun Jesuloluwa2,3,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02025-0203
Abstract The environmental concerns of petroleum-based plastics, including their non-biodegradability, contribution to pollution, and reliance on finite fossil resources, have motivated growing global interest in biodegradable alternatives, with starch-based bioplastics emerging as a promising solution due to their renewability, biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with existing processing technologies. This review synthesizes recent developments, challenges, and analytical techniques related to starch-based bioplastics. It examines the physicochemical properties of starch, modification methods such as plasticization, blending, and chemical treatments, and key production techniques including extrusion, injection molding, and 3D printing. Mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties are evaluated through standardized More >
Open Access
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Siti Norasmah Surip1, Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar1,*, Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah2, Ing Kong3
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0182
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites)
Abstract Most studies on kenaf fibre composites focus on the bast due to its higher fibre yield and strength, while the core is often neglected. In this work, Polylactic Acid (PLA) matrix was reinforced with both kenaf bast and core fibres at a 49:1 wt% ratio. The fibres were chemically treated and cryo-crushed to improve bonding and dispersion. Mechanical testing revealed that treated Kenaf Core Composites (KCC) exhibited comparable flexural and impact properties to Kenaf Bast Composites (KBC), with flexural strengths of 46.19 and 46.52 MPa, respectively, and impact strengths of 5.8 and 4.4 J/m. Meanwhile, More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Nur ‘Aisyah Ar-Raudhoh Mohammad Tahar1, Muhammad Haziq Mohd Fadzli1, Siti Nur Liyana Mamauod1,2,*, Nahrul Hayawin Zainal3
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0177
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites)
Abstract The palm oil industry is a major contributor to Malaysia’s economy, but its huge production has generated large amounts of oil palm biomass, particularly palm kernel shell (PKS), which poses environmental challenges if not properly managed. Converting PKS into biochar (PKSB) and activated carbon (APKS) offers a sustainable way to valorise this waste as potential bio-fillers in rubber composites. This study investigates the influence of nano-sized PKSB (n-PKSB) and activated PKS (n-APKS) as bio-fillers on the mechanical performance of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates, with filler loadings ranging from 0 to 10 parts per hundred rubber… More >
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Open Access
REVIEW
Tamer Y. A. Fahmy1, Samir Kamel1, Ahmed M. Khalil2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0180
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances on Renewable Materials)
Abstract The growing threat of viral pandemics necessitates innovative antiviral strategies that are effective, sustainable, and scalable. This review highlights nanocellulose as a renewable, biocompatible nanomaterial and a promising multifunctional antiviral platform. We examine cellulose nanocrystals, nanofibrils, and bacterial nanocellulose, emphasizing their synergistic antiviral mechanisms, including nanoscale viral entrapment and surface-mediated inactivation via sulfation, cationic groups, and metal nanoparticles. Key advances include photothermally active nanocellulose-graphene composites for on-demand viral deactivation, sulfated nanocellulose mimicking heparin’s virus-trapping properties, and engineered biopolymer hybrids for targeted drug delivery and mucosal immunity. Translational applications span antiviral coatings, self-sterilizing filters, and regenerative More >
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