Special Issues
Table of Content

Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites

Submission Deadline: 30 November 2025 (closed) View: 1334 Submit to Journal

Guest Editors

Dr. Aisyah H.A.

Email: aisyah.humaira@mpob.gov.my; a.humaira.aisyah@gmail.com 

Affiliation: Biomass Technology Unit, Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia

Homepage: www.mpob.gov.my

Research Interests: Biocomposites from oil palm biomass and natural fibers.


Dr. Bakar B.F.A.

Email: bfatomer@upm.edu.my

Affiliation: Department of Wood and Fiber Industry, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Homepage: www.upm.edu.my

Research Interests: Wood-based Composites, Bio-based Materials, Sustainability in Forestry and Materials Science


Dr. Mohd Nurazzi Norizan (N. M. Nurazzi)

Email: mohd.nurazzi@usm.my

Affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Building G07, Persiaran Sains, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Homepage:

Research Interests: Nanocelullose, Polymer Composites


Dr. Ilyas R.A.

Email: ahmadilyas@utm.my

Affiliation: Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Ta'zim, Malaysia

Homepage:

Research Interests: Cellulose, Nanocellulose, Starch polymer, Nanocomposites


Summary

This special issue focuses on the development and applications of biomass-based thermoset and thermoplastic polymers to produce sustainable composites.


The use of biomass-derived polymers in composite materials has emerged as a promising approach to achieving environmental sustainability while maintaining desirable mechanical and functional properties. Biomass-based thermoset and thermoplastic polymers provide an eco-friendly alternative to conventional petroleum-based polymers, offering renewable, biodegradable, and sustainable solutions for composite manufacturing.


This special issue highlights the progress and developments in utilizing biomass-based polymers in composite applications, with a focus on their preparation, characterization, and performance, and invites Research Articles and Reviews on these topics.


This issue aims to enhance the understanding of how biomass-derived thermoset and thermoplastic polymers can contribute to the structural, functional, and environmental performance of composites. Suggested topics include, but are not limited to:

· Evaluating the mechanical, thermal, and functional properties of biomass-based thermoset and thermoplastic polymers, as well as fibers, mats, and other forms prior to composite development,

· Investigating innovative treatments or modification techniques for biomass-based polymers to improve compatibility with reinforcements,

· Exploring novel fabrication methods for composites incorporating biomass-based thermoset and thermoplastic polymers,

· Exploring the performance and functional properties of hybrid composites using a combination of biomass-based polymers and lignocellulosic or other bio-based reinforcements, and

· Characterizing the structural, morphological, and interfacial interactions in biomass-based polymer composites.


This special issue provides a platform for researchers to share their latest findings, innovative processing methods, and emerging trends that advance the development of biomass-based thermoset and thermoplastic polymers in composites, promotion progress in sustainable material solutions.


Keywords

Biomass-based polymer, Thermoset composite, Thermoplastic composite, Sustainable Materials, Fiber-Matrix Interactions, Mechanical Properties

Published Papers


  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Sustainable Plant-Based Starch as Binder in Biocomposites: Extraction, Modification, and Their Calorific Behaviour

    Adib Hafiizhullah Mohamad Prim Nasir, Mohd Nurazzi Norizan, Nur Izzaati Saharudin, Sumarni Mansur
    Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0156
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites)
    Abstract Plant-based starch has emerged as a promising natural binder in biocomposites owing to its biodegradability, renewability, and functional adaptability. This study critically reviews the extraction, modification, and performance of starches derived from sources such as corn, potato, and cassava, with particular attention to their calorific behaviour as measured through bomb calorimetry. Calorimetric analysis provides insight into the energy density and combustion efficiency of starch binders, parameters that influence both processing and End-of-life valorisation of biocomposites. Through physical, chemical, enzymatic, and genetic modifications, the inherent limitations of native starch such as moisture sensitivity and low mechanical More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Sustainable Plant-Based Starch as Binder in Biocomposites: Extraction, Modification, and Their Calorific Behaviour

  • Open Access

    SHORT COMMUNICATION

    Comparative Study of PLA/Kenaf Core and PLA/Kenaf Bast Flexural Properties

    Siti Norasmah Surip, Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar, Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah, Ing Kong
    Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0182
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites)
    Abstract Most studies on kenaf fibre composites focus on the bast due to its higher fibre yield and strength, while the core is often neglected. In this work, Polylactic Acid (PLA) matrix was reinforced with both kenaf bast and core fibres at a 49:1 wt% ratio. The fibres were chemically treated and cryo-crushed to improve bonding and dispersion. Mechanical testing revealed that treated Kenaf Core Composites (KCC) exhibited comparable flexural and impact properties to Kenaf Bast Composites (KBC), with flexural strengths of 46.19 and 46.52 MPa, respectively, and impact strengths of 5.8 and 4.4 J/m. Meanwhile, More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Advancing Sustainable Materials: Nano-Palm Kernel Shell Biochar (n-PKSB) and Nano-Activated Biochar (n-APKS) as Renewable Fillers in Natural Rubber (NR) Biocomposites

    Nur ‘Aisyah Ar-Raudhoh Mohammad Tahar, Muhammad Haziq Mohd Fadzli, Siti Nur Liyana Mamauod, Nahrul Hayawin Zainal
    Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0177
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites)
    Abstract The palm oil industry is a major contributor to Malaysia’s economy, but its huge production has generated large amounts of oil palm biomass, particularly palm kernel shell (PKS), which poses environmental challenges if not properly managed. Converting PKS into biochar (PKSB) and activated carbon (APKS) offers a sustainable way to valorise this waste as potential bio-fillers in rubber composites. This study investigates the influence of nano-sized PKSB (n-PKSB) and activated PKS (n-APKS) as bio-fillers on the mechanical performance of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates, with filler loadings ranging from 0 to 10 parts per hundred rubber… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Advancing Sustainable Materials: Nano-Palm Kernel Shell Biochar (n-PKSB) and Nano-Activated Biochar (n-APKS) as Renewable Fillers in Natural Rubber (NR) Biocomposites

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Preliminary Fabrication and Characterization of Cross-Laminated Panel Made from Nipah Palm Petiole Fibres

    Ros Syazmini Mohd Ghani, Mohamad Saiful Sulaiman, Sofiyah Mohd Razali, Madihan Yusof, Ellisha Iling
    Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0174
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites)
    Abstract The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven research into non-wood biomass for engineered composites. This study reports the preliminary fabrication and evaluation of cross-laminated panels (CLPs) made from Nipah palm (Nypa fruticans) petioles bonded with a bio-epoxy resin adhesive. Panels were manufactured at three target densities (400, 600, and 800 kg/m3) and evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties. Physical tests included moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling, while mechanical tests measured compressive and flexural strength in accordance with JIS A 5908:2022 and ASTM D1037 standards. The results showed that higher panel density More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Preliminary Fabrication and Characterization of Cross-Laminated Panel Made from Nipah Palm Petiole Fibres

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Arrowroot Based Nanocomposite Films: Properties, Applications, and Sustainability Prospects: A Review

    Rasdianah Dahali, Edi Syams Zainudin, Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid, Tarique Jamal, Mohd Sapuan Salit, Muhammad Firdaus Abdul Halim
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0139
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites)
    Abstract This review draws attention to the innovative use of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) fiber as a unique and underutilized biomass source for nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)-based nanocomposites, presenting a noteworthy alternative to extensively researched materials like wood pulp, bacterial cellulose, and chemically modified NCCs. In contrast to traditional sources, arrowroot possesses a naturally elevated cellulose and diminished lignin content, facilitating more effective NCC extraction requiring reduced chemical input and enabling environmentally friendly processing techniques. The review evaluates the performance of arrowroot-derived nanocomposites against systems documented in the literature, including NCC-based shape memory composites and nanoparticle-reinforced films, demonstrating enhanced More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Arrowroot Based Nanocomposite Films: Properties, Applications, and Sustainability Prospects: A Review

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Sustainable Biopolymer Packaging Utilizing Non-Food-Competing Starches Derived from Rubber Cassava and Banana Wastes

    Fitra Yurid, Nadiatus Silmi, Heni Rachmawati, Nanda Nagara, Riyanti Ekafitri, Athanasia Amanda Septevani
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0118
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites)
    Abstract This study investigates the potential of starch extracted from underutilized agro-industrial resources as non-food-competing raw materials for the development of flexible bioplastics for food packaging applications. Starch was extracted from three biomass sources: rubber cassava (Manihot glaziovii), banana stem, and banana peel from Ambonese banana (Musa acuminata L.). Rubber cassava starch (SRC) exhibited the highest starch yield (50.68 ± 0.28%), significantly surpassing banana stem (SBS, 14.20 ± 0.25%) and banana peel (SBP, 3.07 ± 0.15%). The amylose contents of SRC, SBS, and SBP were 28.18%, 52.80%, and 56.57%, respectively, while their amylopectin contents were 71.83%, 47.20%, and 43.43%. FTIR spectra… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Sustainable Biopolymer Packaging Utilizing Non-Food-Competing Starches Derived from Rubber Cassava and Banana Wastes

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Innovative Biobased Composites from Oil Palm Trunk: Enhancing Mechanical and Flame-Retardant Properties through Optimized Additive Treatments

    Madihan Yusof, Muhamad Saiful Sulaiman, Ros Syazmini Mohd Ghani, Sofiyah Mohd Razali
    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.10, pp. 2059-2075, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0101
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomass-based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers for Biomass-based Composites)
    Abstract This study investigates the development of an oil palm trunk (OPT) high-performance flame-retardant composite derived from an inexpensive and sustainable biomass source, processed using sodium chloride (NaCl) as a low-cost flame retardant, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an adhesive, and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as an additive. The work aims to address the inherent flammability of OPT and to enhance its mechanical performance, dimensional stability, and fire resistance in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner. Results indicate that a 10% NaCl treatment optimally improves the performance of the composite, increasing bending strength (MOR) from 5.95 to 12.61 MPa… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Innovative Biobased Composites from Oil Palm Trunk: Enhancing Mechanical and Flame-Retardant Properties through Optimized Additive Treatments

Share Link