Open Access

ARTICLE

Novel Stemness-Associated Scores: Enhancing Predictions of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Gaofeng Pan^1,2,3, Jiali Li^1,2, Weijie Sun⁴, Jiayu He^1,2, Maoying Fu³, Yufeng Gao^1,2,*

1 Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
2 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
3 Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300, China
4 Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233099, China

* Corresponding Author: Yufeng Gao. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of potential targets and biomarkers for cancers and the exploration of novel molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis)

Oncology Research 2025, 33(8), 1991-2011. https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2025.063993

Received 31 January 2025; Accepted 21 April 2025; Issue published 18 July 2025

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study is to develop a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using stemness-related genes (SRGs), while also pinpointing and validating pivotal genes associated with this process. Methods: Utilizing the TCGA and ICGC database, a prognostic stemness-related scores (SRS) for HCC through a combination of WGCNA and machine learning. Bioinformatics analysis evaluated tumor immune infiltration characteristics and drug sensitivity in different SRS subgroups, identifying the key gene TOMM40L. qRT-PCR and IHC were employed to detect the expression level of TOMM40 L. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis assessed the prognostic value of TOMM40L in HCC. In vitro cell experiments explored the influence of TOMM40L on HCC cell progression and stemness. Results: The prognostic model SRS for HCC was developed and validated, incorporating four SRGs: EIF2B4, CDCA8, TCOF1, and TOMM40L. Distinct variations in tumor immune infiltration profiles and drug sensitivity were noted across different SRS subgroups. Elevated TOMM40L levels are notably detected in malignant tissues in contrast to adjacent tissues, with heightened TOMM40L expression correlating with unfavorable prognostic outcomes. In addition, knockdown of TOMM40L significantly inhibited cell progression and stemness. Conclusion: The newly constructed SRS model is a potential biomarker for assessing HCC prognosis, and the key gene TOMM40L exhibits oncogenic properties.

---

Keywords

---