Open Access

REVIEW

Surgery Alone Treatment vs. Surgery with Adjuvant Therapy for Laryngeal Mucoepidermoid Cancer: A Systematic Review

Francesco Chiari^1,*, Giovanni Motta², Daria Maria Filippini³, Claudio Donadio Caporale¹, Pierre Guarino¹

1 Otolaryngology Head and Neck Unit, “Santo Spirito” Hospital, Pescara, Italy
2 Head and Neck Surgery Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
3 Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

* Corresponding Author: Francesco Chiari. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Challenges and Controversies in Laryngeal Cancer)

Oncology Research 2026, 34(4), 8 https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2026.073086

Received 10 September 2025; Accepted 13 January 2026; Issue published 23 March 2026

Abstract

Objective: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the larynx is an extremely rare malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of primary laryngeal tumors. The optimal role of adjuvant therapy, particularly radiotherapy (RT), remains unclear due to limited evidence. This systematic review aimed to evaluate oncologic outcomes and the impact of adjuvant treatment in patients with early- and advanced-stage laryngeal MEC. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines in PubMed/Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane for studies published up to 31 July 2025. Results: Twenty-two studies, encompassing 55 patients, were included. Early-stage (T1–T2) patients (n = 28) treated with surgery alone achieved a 5-year local control of disease (LCD) of 85%–88% and disease-free survival (DFS) of 77%, whereas those receiving adjuvant RT showed 100% LCD and DFS, although differences were not statistically significant. In advanced-stage (T3–T4) patients (n = 27), adjuvant RT was associated with improved 2- and 5-year LCD reached 100% vs. 56% and 38% in surgery-only patients (OR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.34–0.83; p = 0.012). DFS at 5 years was 80% in the adjuvant group compared with 36% in surgery alone. Conclusions: Surgical excision with negative margins remains the cornerstone of treatment for early-stage laryngeal MEC, with limited added benefit from adjuvant RT. In advanced-stage or high-grade disease, postoperative RT significantly improves LCD and may enhance DFS. Chemotherapy remains reserved for rare, high-risk cases.

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Supplementary Material

Supplementary Material File

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