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Roberta Giorgione^1,#, Daniela Grasso^2,#, Elisabetta Gambale¹, Federico Scolari³, Virginia Rossi¹, Fabrizio Di Maida⁴, Marinella Micol Mela¹, Barbara Marzocchi², Laura Doni¹, Adriano Pasqui¹, Andrea Minervini⁴, Enrico Caliman¹, Sergio Serni^4,5,6, Andrea Bernini², Serena Pillozzi³, Lorenzo Antonuzzo^1,5,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.068896 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Objectives: To date, predictive and prognostic biomarkers for Bladder Cancer (BC) remain lacking. Existing literature underscores the potential of metabolomics as a valuable tool for biomarker identification. The primary objective of this study is to characterize the serum metabolic profile of BC patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy (Pt-CT) to identify potential biomarkers. Methods: In this pilot study, we investigated the metabolomic profiles of 14 BC patients undergoing Pt-CT in different settings. We compared their baseline profiles with those of healthy controls and tracked key metabolites throughout chemotherapy cycles. Metabolomics profiling was conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance… More >

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Adam Khorasanchi, Merve Hasanov, Richard Wu, Hisham Alsharif, Kari Kendra, Claire Verschraegen^*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.069012 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer and typically involves the head and neck. Systemic therapy is often required for patients with advanced CSCC to achieve optimal disease control. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now the standard of care for these patients, with a 50%–60% response rate and sustainable remission for at least 30% of patients. Given the activity of ICIs in advanced head and neck CSCC, ICIs are being studied in early-stage disease or neoadjuvant situations. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of More >

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Maureen Veilleux^1,2,#, Anh Nguyen^3,#, Charles Cao^4,#, Yihui Shi^2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.072194 - 23 March 2026
Abstract ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) regulate key processes in cancer, including DNA repair, transcription, immune responses, and treatment resistance. The clostridial toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTC) family and the diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD) family play a crucial role in genomic stability by modification of proteins either with mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation) or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). These ARTs are promising therapeutic targets and could serve as biomarkers in cancer management. This review explores the roles of these enzymes and current knowledge on specific inhibitors. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies published between 1992 and 2025 on ADP-ribosyltransferases… More >

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Sophiette G. Hong^1,2, George F. Murphy², Christine G. Lian^2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073894 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Skin Cancer Management: From Molecular Targets to Innovative Treatments)
Abstract Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive skin cancer known for its rapid progression, potential for metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, the prognosis for metastatic melanoma remains unfavorable. Recent research has shed light on the significance of epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of melanoma, revealing critical mechanisms of melanoma development and progression. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA and RNA modifications, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation, disrupt normal gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence, leading to cellular transformation, invasion, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. The reversible… More >

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Donatella Coradduzza^1,#, Anna La Salvia^2,#, Giuseppe Fanciulli³, Maria Rosaria De Miglio^3,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073045 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Background: An increasing number of studies have shown that ferroptosis is related to the initiation and development of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The systematic review aimed to summarize the characteristics of ferroptosis from its pathogenetic role to translational therapeutic implications in SCLC. Methods: This systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251090058), followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive research of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed for studies published between January 2010 and July 2025 investigating ferroptosis mechanisms, genetic or pharmacological modulation, or molecular profiling in SCLC. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality… More >

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Candela Cives-Losada^1,2, Cristiana Soldani², Michela Anna Polidoro², Barbara Franceschini², Ana Lleo^3,4, Marcello Di Martino^1,5, Matteo Donadon^1,5,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.074093 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer worldwide, being the presence of metastasis, mainly in the liver, a major contributor to high mortality rates in affected patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME)—comprised of interacting endothelial, stromal, and immune cells—plays a critical role in creating a supportive niche for tumor cell colonization and immune evasion and, thus, the establishment of metastases. The liver’s intrinsic nature further facilitates the development of immune tolerance, mediated by regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and soluble factors such as anti-inflammatory cytokines, which together dampen antitumor immune responses. This immunosuppressive milieu More >

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Ye Ri Han^1,*, Sang Bong Lee^2,3,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075923 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Radiopharmaceuticals deliver diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides to disease sites with molecular precision. Over the past five years, clinical adoption has accelerated, led by U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-TATE and ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 and their complementary Positron Emission Tomography agents (⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-TATE, ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11), which have established radiotheranostics as a pillar of oncology care. The new generation of agents couples optimized radionuclides (β⁻, α, and Auger emitters) to antibodies, peptides, and small-molecule vectors that improve tumor uptake, residence time, and clearance profiles, thereby enhancing efficacy and safety. Beyond neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer, radiotheranostic strategies are advancing for diverse malignancies… More >

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Francesco Chiari^1,*, Giovanni Motta², Daria Maria Filippini³, Claudio Donadio Caporale¹, Pierre Guarino¹
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073086 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Challenges and Controversies in Laryngeal Cancer)
Abstract Objective: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the larynx is an extremely rare malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of primary laryngeal tumors. The optimal role of adjuvant therapy, particularly radiotherapy (RT), remains unclear due to limited evidence. This systematic review aimed to evaluate oncologic outcomes and the impact of adjuvant treatment in patients with early- and advanced-stage laryngeal MEC. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines in PubMed/Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane for studies published up to 31 July 2025. Results: Twenty-two studies, encompassing 55 patients, were included. Early-stage (T1–T2) patients (n =… More >

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Vincenzo Montanarella¹, Marcelo Guerrero^2,3, David Filho^2,3, Júlia German-Cortés¹, Giacomoluciano Vitelli¹, Magalí Sureda¹, Carlos Pavón Regaña¹, Roser Ferrer^1,4, Simó Schwartz^1,4, Esteban Durán-Lara^2,3, Fernanda Andrade^1,5,*, Diana Rafael^1,6,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074061 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine, localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited. Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals, immunotherapy, or gene therapy have revolutionized oncology. Yet, their systemic administration is often associated with limitations such as poor site-specific accumulation, instability, and systemic toxicity. Hydrogels/macrogels offer the ability to encapsulate, protect, and release biomolecules in situ with sustained and stimulus-responsive profiles, addressing key translational gaps. This review provides a focused synthesis of the last five years of hydrogel-based research for cancer therapy, with emphasis on peptides, antibodies, immunotherapeutic agents, and gene delivery systems. We discuss design principles,… More >

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Shuo Wang, Miao Wang, Wei Yao^*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073554 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancing Cellular Therapeutics in Oncology: Innovations, Challenges, and Clinical Translation)
Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), dense stromal architecture, and limited response to conventional therapies. This review comprehensively examines the emerging role of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered immune cells, including chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T), CAR-macrophages (CAR-M), and CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) cells, as innovative immunotherapeutic strategies for PDAC. We delve into the mechanistic foundations of these platforms, highlighting their unique abilities to target tumor-associated antigens, overcome stromal barriers, and remodel the immunosuppressive TME. Recent preclinical and clinical advances demonstrate promising antitumor activity, particularly More >

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Xiaomeng Li^1,2, Xuejiao Li², Hongbo Wu^1,*, Rui Li^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076176 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Direct and Paracrine Interactions within the Tumor or Tumor and its  Microenvironment)
Abstract Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, primarily driven by metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion mechanisms within tumor cells. To adapt to the nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment (TME), lung cancer cells undergo profound metabolic reprogramming, characterized by enhanced glycolysis (the Warburg effect), increased glutamine dependency (mediated by GLS1), and accelerated lipid synthesis (involving enzymes such as FASN). These metabolic alterations not only remodel the TME but also dampen antitumor immune responses by promoting immunosuppressive cell populations (e.g., Tregs and M2 macrophages) and inhibiting effector functions of CD8⁺ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.… More >

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Wubin Zhao^#, Qi Wang^#, Jun Zhang^*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076406 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Therapeutic Challenges in Targeting Cell Death)
Abstract Disulfidptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death (RCD) first described in 2023, representing a significant advance in understanding programmed cell death pathways. This unique cell death modality is characterized by abnormal intracellular accumulation of disulfide bonds and disruption of redox homeostasis, leading to cytoskeletal collapse without caspase activation. Disulfidptosis is primarily triggered by glucose deprivation in cells with high expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Under these conditions, insufficient NADPH supply prevents the effective reduction of accumulated cystine to cysteine, thereby inducing disulfide stress. Distinct from apoptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis,… More >

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Mohsina Patwekar^1,2, Faheem Patwekar³, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari^1,4,*, Muhammad Rajaei Ahmad Mohd Zain^5,*, Arifullah Mohammed⁶, Rohit Sharma^7,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073601 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: The Evolving Landscape of Cancer Treatment: Molecular Insights and Immunotherapeutic Breakthroughs)
Abstract Breast cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality for women globally; therefore, further breakthroughs in treatment approaches are crucial. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are among the Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors that have become an innovative family of targeted therapy for hormone receptor-positive, Human Epidermal Growth factor receptor 2 (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer. These inhibitors work by preventing the action of CDK4/6, which are crucial in the regulation of the cell cycle. Leading cancer cells to cell cycle arrest and undergo apoptosis. When these inhibitors are used with endocrine medicines like letrozole and… More >

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Denisse A. Gutierrez^*, Elisa Robles-Escajeda, Jose A. Lopez-Saenz, Robert A. Kirken, Edgar A. Borrego, Ana P. Betancourt, Soumya Nair, Sourav Roy, Armando Varela-Ramirez, Renato J. Aguilera^*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074945 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Discovery of a Potent Antitumor Agent: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential)
Abstract Objectives: Drug resistance is the major determinant of chemotherapy failure, leading to relapse and tumor progression, demonstrating the urgent need for novel antineoplastic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of two novel pyrazole derivatives, P3C.1 and P3C.2, and to elucidate their mechanism of action in cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated across 27 different cancer cell lines via a nuclear staining assay. Subsequent flow cytometric and biochemical analyses were performed to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis induction, mitochondrial integrity, and cell cycle progression. Additional studies included… More >

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Crystal J. Byrd¹, Monasia Evans¹, Woojung Kim², Quintera Knight³, Geou-Yarh Liou^1,2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073532 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Objective: The progression of prostate cancer cells to metastasis is supported by their tumor microenvironment. Within this microenvironment, infiltrating immune cells, such as B cells, can be either anti-tumorigenic or pro-tumorigenic. Our preliminary data showed that a higher density of the infiltrating B cells was found near prostate cancer cells in human cancer tissues, as compared to the benign prostate tissue regions, thus suggesting that infiltrating B cells would promote the progression of prostate cancer cells. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of infiltrating B cells in enhancing the migratory ability of… More >

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Andrea Dalbeni^1,2, Marco Vicardi^1,2,*, Leonardo A. Natola^1,2, Alessandra Auriemma³, Bernardo Stefanini⁴, Caterina Vivaldi⁵, Piera Federico⁶, Andrea Polloni⁷, Caterina Soldà⁸, Lorenzo Lani⁴, Ingrid Garajová⁹, Stefano Tamberi¹⁰, Stefania De Lorenzo¹¹, Fabio Piscaglia^4,12, Vincenzo Di Maria¹, Gianluca Masi⁵, Sara Lonardi⁸, Giovanni Brandi^4,7, Bruno Daniele⁶, Franco Trevisani^4,13, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni¹⁴, Laura Schiada¹⁴, Fabio Marra¹⁵, Claudia Campani¹⁵, Ciro Celsa¹⁶, Giuseppe Cabibbo¹⁶, Mariangela Bruccoleri¹⁷, Massimo Iavarone^17,18, Leonardo Stella¹⁹, Francesca R. Ponziani¹⁹, Tiziana Pressiani²⁰, Lorenza Rimassa^20,21, Francesco Tovoli⁴, David Sacerdoti²
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073063 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics of Liver Cancer)
Abstract Objectives: The combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A+B) represents one of the standards first-line treatments for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metformin has garnered attention for its potential antitumour and immunomodulatory properties beyond glycaemic control. This study aimed to assess metformin’s impact in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving A+B therapy. Methods: This retrospective analysis of a prospectively-maintained multicentre database included 523 patients with HCC treated with A+B from the ARTE (Atezolizumab-bevacizumab Real-life Experience for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma) dataset across 18 Italian centres (May 2020–January 2024). We evaluated objective response rate (ORR), disease… More >

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Yen-Pin Chen^1,2,3, Rathinasamy Baskaran⁴, Hema Sri Devi⁴, Chaouhan Hitesh Singh⁴, Yu-Jung Lin^4,5, Marthandam Asokan Shibu⁶, Wei-Wen Kuo⁷, Shih-Chieh Liao⁸, Ming-Cheng Chen⁹, Tso-Fu Wang¹⁰, Chi-Cheng Li¹¹, Tsung-Jung Ho¹², Tzu-Ching Shih¹³, Shinn-Zong Lin^14,15,16,*, Chih-Yang Huang^4,17,18,19,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073080 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Overcoming Drug Resistance in Cancer: Strategies and Natural Compound-Based Therapeutics)
Abstract Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play a key role in the development of chemoresistance in various cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to study the underlying mechanisms of miRNA in chemotherapy-resistant CRC. Methods: LoVo CRC cell line was exposed to oxaliplatin at an increased dose, and cells were cultured in the presence of oxaliplatin to develop LoVoOXR cells. Microarray and Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and transwell assay were used to evaluate the chemoresistance in LoVo^OXR CRC cells. Results: Microarray and qRT-PCR analysis showed… More >

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So-Ye Jeon^1,#, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta^1,#, Hong Kyu Lee², Kyung-Chul Choi^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.071328 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Breast Cancer Biomarkers and Drug Targets Discoveries Towards a More Personalized Treatment Setting)
Abstract Objectives: Progesterone (P4) is believed to inhibit breast cancer growth, but its role in counteracting estrogen (E2)-driven progression remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of P4 on E2-induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in Estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+ breast cancer cells by examining its regulatory role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods: ER and PR-positive MCF-7 clonal variant (MCF-7 CV) breast cancer cells were treated with E2 and co-treated with various concentrations of P4. The effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed. The expression of key EMT markers… More >

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Yin-Lun Chang^1,2, Hao-Lun Luo¹, Jei-Ming Peng^3,*, Chang-Chun Hsiao^2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.070837 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an aggressive malignancy with high recurrence rates. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) predicts a poor prognosis, yet its molecular drivers remain unclear. BOC cell adhesion-associated, oncogene-regulated (BOC, also known as Brother of CDO [Cell adhesion molecule-Related/Down-regulated by Oncogenes]), a hedgehog-related cell surface receptor, may serve as a biomarker for tumor progression and chemotherapy response. The study aimed to investigate the role of BOC in UTUC and its potential to predict LVI and chemotherapy response. Methods: Sequencing (RNA-seq) of 10 stage III UTUC, treatment-naïve, fresh tissue samples identified BOC as a… More >

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Francisco Raúl Borzone^1,2,*, María Belén Giorello¹, Agustina Freire³, Leandro Marcelo Martinez⁴, Leonardo Feldman⁵, Federico Dimase⁶, Pablo Evelson³, Irene Larripa⁷, Emilio Batagelj⁸, Marcela Beatriz González Cid⁹, Norma Alejandra Chasseing^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074321 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Backgrounds: Breast cancer metastasis remains the leading cause of mortality and frequently targets the bone. Breast cancer cells release soluble factors and extracellular vesicles that disrupt bone marrow (BM)/bone homeostasis, promoting osteoclastogenesis and the accumulation of senescent cells. In line with updated cancer hallmarks, senescent mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, and osteocytes contribute to remodeling of the BM microenvironment, thereby favoring pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation and subsequent bone metastasis. We previously demonstrated that untreated stage III-B breast cancer patients (BCPs) exhibit increased oxidative stress and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, accompanied by senescent… More >

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Kuan-Hao Lin¹, Yu-Ju Lin¹, Yu-Bin Hong¹, Meng-Huai Hsu¹, Zhen-Xiang Liao¹, Shuo-Yu Chang¹, Chiou-Hwa Yuh^1,2,3,4,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074144 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has limited systemic options with substantial toxicity. G-quadruplex (G4) structures in oncogene promoters are attractive but challenging drug targets. This study aimed to determine whether glutamic acid–chelated cobalt (GACC) is a G4-active scaffold with anti-HCC efficacy and favorable in vivo safety, and whether an AI-guided phenotypic response surface (PRS) can optimize less toxic combinations. Methods: Anticancer activity was tested in HCC cell lines (PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B, HepG2) and non-transformed THLE-2 hepatocytes (CCK-8, IC₅₀). In vivo safety/efficacy were assessed in zebrafish embryo toxicity assays, a Hep3B xenograft model, and a tert-overexpressing transgenic zebrafish model, with hepatotoxicity… More >

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Chun-Shiang Lin^1,2,#, Ta-Wen Hsu^3,4,#, Hsiang-Lin Lee^5,6,*, Shao-Hsuan Kao^1,7,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074231 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Signaling Pathway Crosstalk in Malignant Tumors: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics)
Abstract Objectives: Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) has been linked to poor prognosis in colon cancer patients, but the role of CCKAR in colon cancer cell invasiveness and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the effect of CCKAR on the invasive potential of colon cancer cells. Methods: Different human colon cancer cell lines were used. Gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR), while protein expression and phosphorylation were assessed by Western blotting. Cell motility and invasiveness were examined through wound healing and invasion assays,… More >

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Awatif Rashed Z. Almotairy^1,2, Eman Fayad³, Fatimah Hadadi⁴, Ahmad F. Alhomodi⁵, Dalal Nasser Binjawhar⁶, Hanadi A. Katouah⁷, Bassma H. Elwakil^8,*, Keshav Raj Paudel^9,10,*, Mostafa El-Khatib¹¹
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070645 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Objectives: Prostate cancer cells often develop mechanisms to evade conventional therapies. Nanomedicine offers the potential for targeted drug delivery, improved tumor accumulation, and reduced systemic toxicity. This study biosynthesizes silver nanoparticles (NPP/AgONPs) functionalized with propolis, evaluates their antibacterial efficacy against uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli), and assesses their cytotoxic effect on cancer cell proliferation using the PC-3, human prostate epithelial cell line. Methods: The synthesized NPP/AgONPs physiochemical parameters were characterized, followed by in vitro assays to evaluate their antibacterial activity against multiple uropathogenic E. coli strains; determining the cytotoxicity against HPrEC and PC-3 cells by measuring cytotoxicity (CC₅₀)… More >

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Eshita Dhar^1,2, Muhammad Ashad Kabir³, Divyabharathy Ramesh Nadar⁴, Li-Jen Kuo⁵, Jitendra Jonnagaddala^6,7, Yaoru Huang¹, Mohy Uddin^8,*, Shabbir Syed-Abdul^1,2,9,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074385 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Objectives: Decisions regarding CT after nCCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) are challenging due to limited evidence guiding treatment. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning (ML) models in patients treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (nCCRT) alone vs. those receiving nCCRT plus chemotherapy (CT), (ii) identify features associated with treatment improvement, and (iii) derive ML-based thresholds for treatment response. Methods: This retrospective study included 409 patients with LARC treated at three affiliated hospitals of Taipei Medical University. Patients were categorised into two groups: nCCRT alone followed by surgery (n =… More >

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Saad Alobid^1,#, Hussam Albassam^1,#, Tebyan O. Mirgany², Faris Almutairi¹, Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi¹, Ahmed H. Bakheit², Hanadi H. Asiri², Eram Eltahir³, Gamaleldin I. Harisa^3,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073371 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Pharmacological Bases of Anticancer Drug Therapies in Precision Oncology)
Abstract Objective: Glioblastoma (GB) therapy is challenged by tumor heterogeneity and multidrug resistance (MDR), highlighting the need for effective therapies. This study aimed to explore the combined anticancer effects of Sunitinib (SNB) and Fenofibrate (FEN) on U87 cells. Methods: U87 cells were exposed to SNB, FEN, or their combination for 24 h, followed by evaluations of cell viability, migration, and clonogenic survival using MTT, scratch, and colony formation assays. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified via the 2^′, 7^′-dichlorofluorescein assay, while mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using JC-1 red/green fluorescence. Molecular docking was performed to… More >

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Hui Zha^1,#, Chao Li^2,#, Jia Chen³, Hao Bo², Zhaolan Hu⁴, Zailong Qin^5,6,*, Jie Guo^7,8,*, Junbin Yuan^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.067601 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Breast Cancer Biomarkers and Drug Targets Discoveries Towards a More Personalized Treatment Setting)
Abstract Objective: Long non-coding RNAs have been found to play a pivotal role in breast cancer, yet the majority of these lncRNAs remain to be thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to explore the role of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in breast cancer stemness and drug sensitivity. Methods: Database mining was performed to evaluate the expression of LINC00467 in different types of breast cancer and its association with clinical features. The function of LINC00467 was examined through colony formation assays, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), and western blotting following LINC00467 silencing in breast cancer cell lines. Results: LINC00467… More >

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Yingying Zhao^1,2, Jiakang Ma^1,3, Rujin Huang^1,2, Shuxian Pan^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.070208 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning for Disease Subtyping, from Molecular to Clinical Features)
Abstract Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play critical roles in tumor progression and immunosuppression; however, their contribution to the functional classification and personalized treatment of gastric cancer remains poorly defined. This study aimed to identify effective therapeutic targets to facilitate individualized treatment strategies for patients with gastric cancer. Methods: Single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses were integrated to characterize gastric cancer fibroblasts. “Seurat”, “Slingshot”, and “CellChat” were used for dimensionality reduction, trajectory inference, and cell–cell communication analyses, respectively. Key metastasis-associated fibroblast modules were identified using High-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA) to construct a prognostic model, which was further… More >

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Yingzheng Tan^1,#, Jiao Xiao^2,#, Liyun Tang^3,4,#, Jian Wan^3,#, Tian Zeng³, Wenchao Zhou³, Xueru Liu³, Xun Chen^3,5,*, Yukun Li^3,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.071536 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Background: Lactate, as a critical byproduct of tumor metabolic reprogramming, plays an important role in DNA damage repair and tumor immune infiltration. This work aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which lactate promotes tumor DNA damage repair (DDR) and subsequent immune evasion. Methods: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and ovarian cancer (OC) cells with cisplatin-induced DNA damage were treated with lactate at a concentration gradient, Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) shRNA, ESM1 overexpression plasmid, or the Protein Kinase B (AKT) Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (Akt1) inhibitor LY294002. Proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage levels were… More >

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ARTICLE

Shanbao Ke, Junya Yan, Xiao Feng, Baiyu Li^*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.071617 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning for Disease Subtyping, from Molecular to Clinical Features)
Abstract Objectives: Tumor recurrence is a major determinant of poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet its cellular and molecular basis remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify recurrence-associated genes at single-cell resolution and to develop a prognostic model for predicting survival outcomes and immunotherapy responsiveness in HCC. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data from 12 primary and 6 recurrent HCC samples were integrated and analyzed to identify genes characteristic of recurrence. After quality control, principal component analysis, and t-SNE-based clustering were used to identify highly variable genes for cell clustering and annotation. Based on macrophage… More >

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ARTICLE

Shuwen Sun^1,2,3,4,#, Jingcheng Zhang^1,2,3,#, Zongtai Zheng^5,#, Yajuan Hao^1,3, Tianyuan Xu^1,2,3, Ji Liu^1,3, Liang Sun², Aimin Wang², Yadong Guo^1,3, Shiyu Mao^1,3, Xu Zhang⁶, Yunfei Xu^1,3,*, Yifan Chen^1,2,3,*, Yang Yan^1,2,3,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072373 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Objectives: Bladder cancer (BCa) progression is closely linked to the immune microenvironment. However, the key molecules that regulate this microenvironment and their specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify a key molecule and elucidate its mechanisms, providing a theoretical basis for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Methods: Immune microenvironment-related genes in BCa were identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital datasets. Proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 2 (PSMD2) expression was validated via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot (WB) analysis, and immunofluorescence (IF). In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the… More >

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ARTICLE

Peng Xian^1,2,#, Zhenwei Feng^1,3,#, Haitao Yu³, Hubin Yin^1,3, Haonan Chen¹, Tenglin Shi¹, Xilai Li^1,3, Chunlin Zhang^1,3, Xuesong Bai^1,3, Xin Gou^1,*, Xinyuan Li^1,3,*, Jie Li^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073156 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular Mechanisms of Urogenital Cancers)
Abstract Objective: Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a central driver of prostate cancer progression, yet the metabolic and transcriptional mechanisms regulating AR expression remain incompletely characterized. This study investigated whether the immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX-0914 suppresses hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) through metabolic modulation of AR and aimed to identify the transcriptional mediator involved. Methods: HSPC and castration-resistant prostate cancer models were used to evaluate the effects of ONX-0914 on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Xenograft assays, bioinformatic screening, and analyses of O-GlcNAcylation and protein stability were performed, together with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and… More >

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ARTICLE

Zheng Qin^1,2,#, Yueyao Zhang^3,#, Dongze Liu^4,#, Xiaokang Zheng⁵, Kaibin Wang^1,2, Xiao Zhu^1,2, Yuanhao Zhang^1,2, Kexin Xu^1,2, Changying Li^1,2, Lijuan Kang^1,2, Lili Wang^1,2, Haitao Wang^1,2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073455 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies in Solid Tumor Diagnosis, Progression, and Prognosis (Ⅱ))
Abstract Objective: Prostate cancer is the second most common fatal cancer in men. Identifying new biological therapeutic targets is crucial to effectively improve the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Ovarian tumor family deubiquitinase 4 (OTUD4) is a member of the ovarian tumor-associated protease domain (OTUDs) family. Although previous studies have shown that the expression and function of OTUD4 vary across different tumors, its role in prostate cancer remains unknown. The aim of this study is to explore new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for prostate cancer and investigate their mechanisms of action. Methods: Cell culture, Cell… More >

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ARTICLE

Chang He^#, An Wang^#, Youbo Wang^#, Qinyun Ma^*, Xiaofeng Chen^*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074880 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Objectives: Combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) represents a promising approach for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy. This study aimed to develop arsenic trioxide (ATO) and poly(cyclopentadithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PCPDTBT)-loaded nanoparticles (ATO/PCPDTBT@NPs) to evaluate their synergistic efficacy in inhibiting lung cancer growth and metastasis. Methods: Nanovesicles were synthesized via a streamlined protocol and subjected to 808 nm NIR irradiation to assess their photothermal conversion capabilities. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in vitro using A549 lung carcinoma cells to assess apoptosis, invasion, and migration, and in vivo to monitor tumor volume reduction. Results: The nanoparticles exhibited excellent hemocompatibility and low cytotoxicity while More >

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ARTICLE

Jiaxi Li^#, Deepak Iyer^#, Siming Sui, Zheng Huang, Ryan Wai-Yan Sin, Abraham Tak-Ka Man, Wai-Lun Law, Chi-Chung Foo^*, Lui Ng^*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074981 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Objectives: Piwi-associated RNAs are small non-coding RNAs implicated in cancer, yet few have been characterized in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify a CRC-related piRNA and investigate its clinical relevance, biological function, and biomarker potential. Methods: Candidates were identified by reanalysis of small-RNA sequencing. piR-37524 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in colorectal cancer tissues, matched adjacent non-tumor tissues, colorectal adenomas, liver metastases, and serum samples from patients and healthy controls. Clinicopathological correlations and diagnostic performance were evaluated. Functional assays included 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation, colony formation, and wound-healing migration… More >

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ARTICLE

Yiran Dong¹, Jingyue Wang¹, Jiayang Chen², Liang Mo², Yong You^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075191 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of potential targets and biomarkers for cancers and the exploration of novel molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis)
Abstract Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most prevalent histological subtype of lung cancer, remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality due to late diagnosis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of Kinetochore Scaffold 1 (KNL1) in promoting LUAD progression and its underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. Methods: KNL1 mRNA expression levels across 33 cancer types were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis based on the TCGA database. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess KNL1 expression in LUAD and normal tissues. Stable KNL1-knockdown and KNL1-overexpressing LUAD cell lines were established using lentiviral… More >

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CASE REPORT

Antonio Ruggiero^1,2,*, Fernando Fuccillo¹, Valerio Di Paola³, Alberto Romano¹, Palma Maurizi^1,2, Dario Talloa¹, Nazario Foschi⁴, Pierluigi Russo⁴, Marco Racioppi⁴, Stefano Mastrangelo^1,2, Giorgio Attinà¹
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.072807 - 23 March 2026
Abstract Background: The management of renal neoplasms in adolescent patients poses unique clinical challenges due to their transitional position between paediatric and adult populations. This age group exhibits marked heterogeneity in tumour histology, ranging from entities commonly observed in paediatric oncology to tumours typical of adult age, as well as rare histological subtypes that exceptionally affect the kidney. Given the substantial differences in clinical protocols between paediatric and adult populations, rigorous multidisciplinary evaluation is essential to determine optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for adolescent patients. Case Description: We present four cases from our tertiary referral centre that… More >

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VIEWPOINT

Paolo Maione^1,*, Valentina Palma^1,2, Cesare Gridelli¹
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.072992 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract After about 20 years of exciting improvements in treatment efficacy outcomes of advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), also combined with a progressively better safety profile, from chemotherapy to new generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (osimertinib, alectinib, brigatinib), the recent MARIPOSA and CROWN trials have changed this trend. For the first time in the history of EGFR and ALK treatments, we must face the issue of being a step behind in terms of toxicity profile. The combination of amivantamab plus lazertinib in EGFR mutant NSCLC, and… More >

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CASE REPORT

Daniel Burg¹, Aryeh Babkoff¹, Omer Or², Noam Olshinka², Jonathan Abraham Demma³, Mohamad Adila^1,3, Marc Wygoda⁴, Philip Blumenfeld⁴, Judith Diment⁵, Masha Galiner⁶, Yusef Azraq⁶, Daniela Katz^1,7, Petachia Reissman⁸, Sadie Ostrowicki⁹, Gabriella Sebbag¹⁰, Narmine Elkhateeb^1,11, Anat Hershko Moshe^1,11, Dania Jaber^1,11, Adi Hollander^1,11, Limor Rubin^1,11, Aviad Zick^1,12,*
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.070233 - 23 March 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Combined Therapy for Soft Tissue Sarcomas)
Abstract Background: —Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. Treatment of synovial sarcoma includes surgery, radiation, pazopanib, and chemotherapy. Targeted therapies, such as B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) inhibitors, are emerging as a potential treatment option. We describe the sixth case of a BRAF^V600E synovial sarcoma, the first extra-thoracic case. This case is the first to show a complete pathological response to BRAF & mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. Case description: —We treated a 22-year-old male with a left groin BRAF^V600E synovial sarcoma with doxorubicin, Ifosphamide & Sodium 2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate. When we identified BRAF^V600E in the tumor,… More >

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RETRACTION

Oncology Research Editorial Office
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.081284 - 23 March 2026
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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4

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RETRACTION

Oncology Research Editorial Office
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.081286 - 23 March 2026
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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3

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RETRACTION

Oncology Research Editorial Office
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.081287 - 23 March 2026
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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