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SANDRA STICKLER, BARBARA RATH, GERHARD HAMILTON^*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 799-805, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.045356
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Cancer Pharmacology)
Abstract Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis due to late detection and lack of efficient therapies. The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) oncogene is mutated in up to 90% of all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) and constitutes an attractive target for therapy. However, the most common KRAS mutations in PDAC are G12D (44%), G12V (34%) and G12R (20%) that are not amenable to treatment by KRAS G12C-directed cysteine-reactive KRAS inhibitors such as Sotorasib and Adagrasib that exhibit clinical efficacy in lung cancer. KRAS G12C mutant pancreatic cancer has been treated with Sotorasib but this mutation is detected only in 2%–3% of… More >

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MARKO SKELIN^1,2,3,*, BRUNA PERKOV-STIPIČIN¹, SANJA VUŠKOVIĆ⁴, MARINA ŠANDRK PLEHAČEK⁵, ANE BAŠIĆ⁶, DAVID ŠARČEVIĆ⁷, MAJA ILIĆ⁸, IVAN KREČAK^2,3,9
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 807-815, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.048948
Abstract Background: The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines are among the most comprehensive and widely used clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) globally. However, the level of scientific evidence supporting ESMO CPG recommendations has not been systematically investigated. This study assessed ESMO CPG levels of evidence (LOE) and grades of recommendations (GOR), as well as their trends over time across various cancer settings. Methods: We manually extracted every recommendation with the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) classification from each CPG. We examined the distribution of LOE and GOR in all available ESMO CPG guidelines across different topics and cancer types.… More >

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SHAHID KARIM^1,*, ALANOUD NAHER ALGHANMI¹, MAHA JAMAL¹, HUDA ALKREATHY¹, ALAM JAMAL², HIND A. ALKHATABI³, MOHAMMED BAZUHAIR¹, AFTAB AHMAD^4,5
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 817-830, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.048988
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Insights in Drug Resistance of Cancer Therapy: A New Wine in an Old Bottle)
Abstract Cancer frequently develops resistance to the majority of chemotherapy treatments. This study aimed to examine the synergistic cytotoxic and antitumor effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, specifically Canagliflozin (CAN), Dapagliflozin (DAP), Empagliflozin (EMP), and Doxorubicin (DOX), using in vitro experimentation. The precise combination of CAN+DOX has been found to greatly enhance the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, it was shown that cancer cells exhibit an increased demand for glucose and ATP in order to support their growth. Notably, when these medications were combined with DOX, there was a considerable inhibition of glucose consumption, as well as reductions in… More >

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EFFAT ALEMZADEH¹, LEILA ALLAHQOLI², AFROOZ MAZIDIMORADI³, ESMAT ALEMZADEH^1,4, FAHIMEH GHASEMI^4,5, HAMID SALEHINIYA⁶, IBRAHIM ALKATOUT^7,*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 831-847, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.031006
Abstract Ovarian cancer is among the most lethal gynecological cancers, primarily due to the lack of specific symptoms leading to an advanced-stage diagnosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Drug resistance (DR) poses the most significant challenge in treating patients with existing drugs. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved three new therapeutic drugs, including two poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib and niraparib) and one vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor (bevacizumab) for maintenance therapy. However, resistance to these new drugs has emerged. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of DR and exploring new approaches to overcome them is crucial for effective… More >

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REVIEW

NILAM BHUSARE, MAUSHMI KUMAR^*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 849-875, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.047042
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain tumor, poses significant challenges in terms of treatment success and patient survival. Current treatment modalities for glioblastoma include radiation therapy, surgical intervention, and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the median survival rate remains dishearteningly low at 12–15 months. One of the major obstacles in treating glioblastoma is the recurrence of tumors, making chemotherapy the primary approach for secondary glioma patients. However, the efficacy of drugs is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier and multidrug resistance mechanisms. Consequently, considerable research efforts have been directed toward understanding the underlying signaling pathways involved in glioma and developing… More >

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KARAN WADHWA¹, PAYAL CHAUHAN¹, SHOBHIT KUMAR², RAKESH PAHWA^3,*, RAVINDER VERMA⁴, RAJAT GOYAL⁵, GOVIND SINGH¹, ARCHANA SHARMA⁶, NEHA RAO³, DEEPAK KAUSHIK^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 877-897, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.047278
Abstract Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is recognized as the most lethal and most highly invasive tumor. The high likelihood of treatment failure arises from the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and stem cells around GBM, which avert the entry of chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumor mass. Objective: Recently, several researchers have designed novel nanocarrier systems like liposomes, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, nanodiamonds, and nanorobot approaches, allowing drugs to infiltrate the BBB more efficiently, opening up innovative avenues to prevail over therapy problems and radiation therapy. Methods: Relevant literature for this manuscript has been collected from a comprehensive and systematic search of… More >

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YIWEN ZHU¹, LIU YANG¹, YING YU¹, YING XIONG², PING XIAO², XIAO FU², XIN LUO^2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 899-910, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042604
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Signaling Pathway Crosstalk in Malignant Tumors: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics)
Abstract Osteosarcoma is a very serious primary bone cancer with a high death rate and a dismal prognosis. Since there is no permanent therapy for this condition, it is necessary to develop a cure. Therefore, this investigation was carried out to assess the impacts and biological functions of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) in osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63). In this investigational study, MG63 cells were utilized. Microarray experiments, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescent staining, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP levels, proliferation assay, 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EDU) staining, and Western blot were performed. In MG63… More >

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JINGJING CHEN¹, DAN WANG², ZEQUN WANG², MENGYUAN HAN⁴, HOUQING YIN², WENTING ZHOU⁴, RIBAI YAN⁵, YAN PAN^2,3,*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 911-923, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042384
Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment. This study investigated the antitumor effects and mechanisms of a novel photosensitizer meso-5-[ρ-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-aminophenyl]−10,15,20-triphenyl-porphyrin (DTP) mediated PDT (DTP-PDT). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis were measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and Hoechst staining, respectively. Cell apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins were examined using western blotting. RNA sequencing was used to screen differentially expressed mRNAs (DERs), and bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the major biological events after DTP-PDT. Our results show that DTP-PDT inhibited cell growth and induced ROS generation in MCF-7 and SGC7901… More >

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JINGJING TIAN^1,*, XIBAO HU², XINRONG ZHANG¹
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 925-931, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042447
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Signaling Pathway Crosstalk in Malignant Tumors: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics)
Abstract To confirm the relationship between Circ_0003855 and EC, we purchased the Human esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca109 and normal human esophageal epithelial cells HEEC, and the expression levels of Circ_0003855, miR-622, and FLOT1 were detected. The results show that Circ_0003855 and FLOT1 were highly expressed in Eca109 cells, while miR-622 was lowly expressed (p < 0.05). Subsequently, Circ_0003855 small interfering RNA (si-Circ_0003855) and its negative control (si-NC) were used to detect changes in cellular biological behaviors. We found that the activity of Eca109 cells was reduced after interfering with the expression of Circ_0003855, and miR-622 expression was elevated, while FLOT1… More >

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XIAOXI WANG¹, YANFEI JIA², QIANG LI², QIANG YANG², YINGFENG LIU¹, BEIFENG WEI¹, XIANG NIU¹, YINJIE ZHANG¹, XIAODONG LUO², ZIYU ZHAO^1,*, PENG WANG^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 933-941, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042581
Abstract MicroRNA (miR)-200b-3p has been associated with many tumors, but its involvement in pituitary adenoma is unclear. This study investigated the molecular mechanism underlying miR-200b-3p regulation in pituitary adenomas to provide a theoretical basis for treatment. Bioinformatics was used to analyze pituitary adenoma-related genes and screen new targets related to RECK and miRNA. As well, the relationship between miR-200b-3p and RECK protein was verified using a double-luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression of miR-200b-3p in clinical samples was analyzed by in situ hybridization. Transfection of the miR-200b-3p inhibitor and small interfering-RECK (si-RECK) was verified by qPCR. GH3 cell viability and proliferation… More >

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JIANBO ZHOU^1,2,3, FENG WAN^2,4, BIN XIAO⁵, XIN LI¹, CHENG PENG^2,*, FU PENG^1,3,*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 943-953, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.044775
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Application of Multi-omics Analysis in Cancer Immunotherapy)
Abstract Breast and lung cancers are the leading causes of mortality and most frequently diagnosed cancers in women and men, respectively, worldwide. Although the antitumor activity of chalcones has been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms of isoliquiritigenin analog 2', 4', 4-trihydroxychalcone (metochalcone; TEC) against carcinomas remain less well understood. In this study, we found that TEC inhibited cell proliferation of breast cancer BT549 cells and lung cancer A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. TEC induced cell cycle arrest in the S-phase, cell migration inhibition in vitro, and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis revealed that TEC modulated the activity… More >

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YAN ZHANG, HEYANG ZHANG, JING WANG, XIN WEI, YI QU, FENG XU, LIJUN ZHANG^*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 955-963, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.043922
Abstract Background: Bortezomib results in peripheral neuropathy (PN) in approximately 50% of patients, during multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, a complication known as Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN). The drug response varies among individuals. Genetic factor may play an important role in BIPN. Methods: A next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel containing 1659 targets from 233 genes was used to identify risk variants for developing BIPN in 204 MM patients who received bortezomib therapy. mRNA expression of MTHFR and ALDH1A1 in 62 peripheral blood samples was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels were detected in 40 samples by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay… More >

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ZHEN LIU^1,#, LIANGWANG YANG^2,#, ZHENGXING XIE¹, HUI YU³, TIANYI GU³, DAOMING SHI⁴, NING CAI^1,*, SHENGHUA ZHUO^2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 965-981, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.045769
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Multi-Omics Approaches for Precision Medicine)
Abstract Clinical data indicates that glioma patients have poor treatment outcomes and clinical prognosis. The role of olfactory signaling pathway-related genes (OSPRGs) in glioma has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and relationship between OSPRGs and glioma. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between OSPRGs and the overall survival of glioma based on public cohorts, and the target gene (G Protein Subunit Alpha L, GNAL) was screened. The association of GNAL expression with clinicopathological characteristics, gene mutation landscape, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, and naris-occlusion… More >

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ANDI ZHAO^1,2,#, YUE WANG^3,#, ZIJIN WANG^1,2, QING SHAO^1,2, QI GONG^1,2, HUI ZHU^1,2, SHIYA SHEN^1,2, HU LIU^1,2,*, XUEJUAN CHEN^1,2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 983-998, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.045972
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Non-coding RNAs on the Clinical Application of Solid Cancers)
Abstract Numerous studies have characterized the critical role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) as regulatory factors in the progression of multiple cancers. However, the biological functions of circRNAs and their underlying molecular mechanisms in the progression of uveal melanoma (UM) remain enigmatic. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, circ_0053943, through re-analysis of UM microarray data and quantitative RT-PCR. Circ_0053943 was found to be upregulated in UM and to promote the proliferation and metastatic ability of UM cells in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Mechanistically, circ_0053943 was observed to bind to the KH1 and KH2 domains of insulin-like growth… More >

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XUHUI ZHAO^1,2, XIAOMIN HUANG¹, CHUNYAN DANG², XIA WANG¹, YUJIAO QI³, HONGLING LI^2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 999-1009, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.046679
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Signaling Pathway Crosstalk in Malignant Tumors: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics)
Abstract Background: EBV-miR-BARTs exhibit significant relevance in epithelial tumors, particularly in EBV-associated gastric and nasopharyngeal cancers. However, their specific mechanisms in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer remain insufficiently explored. Material and Methods: Initially, EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p and its target gene SMAD4 expression were assessed in EBV-associated gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Subsequent transfection induced overexpression of EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p in AGS and MKN-45, and downregulation in EBV-positive cells (SUN-719). The subsequent evaluation aimed to observe their impact on gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and glycolytic processes, with the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway value clarified using a TGF-β inhibitor. Results: EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p exhibits pronounced upregulation… More >

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