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REVIEW

Mohsina Patwekar^1,2, Faheem Patwekar³, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari^1,4,*, Muhammad Rajaei Ahmad Mohd Zain^5,*, Arifullah Mohammed⁶, Rohit Sharma^7,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073601
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: The Evolving Landscape of Cancer Treatment: Molecular Insights and Immunotherapeutic Breakthroughs)
Abstract Breast cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality for women globally; therefore, further breakthroughs in treatment approaches are crucial. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are among the Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors that have become an innovative family of targeted therapy for hormone receptor-positive, Human Epidermal Growth factor receptor 2 (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer. These inhibitors work by preventing the action of CDK4/6, which are crucial in the regulation of the cell cycle. Leading cancer cells to cell cycle arrest and undergo apoptosis. When these inhibitors are used with endocrine medicines like letrozole and… More >
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REVIEW

Abhishikt David Solomon^1,*, Himanshu Kumar Vats^2,#, Shivam Chowdhary^3,#, Supriya Nandlal Kanoujiya⁴, Ajit Prakash⁵, Hina Sultana⁶, Sabyasachi Mohanty⁷, Billy W. Day⁸, Tarun Pant^9,10,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.071632
Abstract Tumor survival, genomic stability, and therapy resistance are dictated by the DNA damage response (DDR). Although poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have established the DDR as a therapeutic target, many tumors evade first-generation drugs by rewiring their adaptive repair pathways and imposing microenvironmental constraints. This review synthesizes recent discoveries in key DDR pathways, such as PARP, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR), ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase (WEE1), and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and describes the next-generation inhibitors designed to increase selectivity and circumvent resistance. We also… More >

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COMMENTARY

Leenah Abdulgader¹, Abdullah Esmail^2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.069227
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics of Liver Cancer)
Abstract Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global challenge, with limited effective treatment options for advanced-stage disease. The HIMALAYA trial (phase III randomized study that evaluated the STRIDE regimen) introduced the Single Tremelimumab Regular Interval Durvalumab (STRIDE) regimen, an immunotherapy-based approach that achieved a median overall survival (OS) of 16.43 months compared to 13.77 months with sorafenib. While statistically significant, this ~2.7 months OS gain warrants scrutiny in light of STRIDE’s increased immune-related toxicity and cost. This commentary evaluates STRIDE’s impact within the broader landscape of first-line systemic therapy for unresectable HCC, alongside other regimens such… More >

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ARTICLE

Ya-Ling Yang^1,#, Ying-Hsien Huang^2,#, Hung-Yu Lin^3,4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075284
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents with poor treatment outcomes, creating an urgent need for novel biomarkers to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and precision medicine. While the MYB family of oncogenes is implicated in cancer, the role and regulatory mechanisms of its member, particularly MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2), remain underexplored in HCC. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically validate the clinical significance of MYBL2, elucidate its functional role in tumor progression and drug sensitivity, and identify its upstream regulatory mechanisms using an integrative machine learning and experimental framework. Methods: We applied an integrative pipeline combining LASSO-based… More >
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Yanfeng Wang^1,2,#, Xinyi Chen^1,2,#, Yichen Yin^1,2, Tao Li^3,*, Jing Chen^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.068695
Abstract Objectives: B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a transcriptional repressor whose overexpression is closely linked to the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), making it a promising therapeutic target. This study aims to identify a novel small molecule, synthesized via proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), capable of degrading BCL6, thereby inhibiting DLBCL growth and providing a foundation for future preclinical studies. Methods: The expression of BCL6 in DLBCL was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Human Protein Atlas. Western blotting assays confirmed BCL6 expression in tumor cell lines, leading to the identification of… More >

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ARTICLE

Jiaxi Li^#, Deepak Iyer^#, Siming Sui, Zheng Huang, Ryan Wai-Yan Sin, Abraham Tak-Ka Man, Wai-Lun Law, Chi-Chung Foo^*, Lui Ng^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074981
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Objectives: Piwi-associated RNAs are small non-coding RNAs implicated in cancer, yet few have been characterized in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify a CRC-related piRNA and investigate its clinical relevance, biological function, and biomarker potential. Methods: Candidates were identified by reanalysis of small-RNA sequencing. piR-37524 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in colorectal cancer tissues, matched adjacent non-tumor tissues, colorectal adenomas, liver metastases, and serum samples from patients and healthy controls. Clinicopathological correlations and diagnostic performance were evaluated. Functional assays included 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation, colony formation, and wound-healing migration… More >

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ARTICLE

Munro Matthew James^1,*, López Vásquez Clara Elena^1,2, Wickremesekera Agadha³, Chan Alex Ho Chuen¹, Gray Clint Lee^1,4,5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074958
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Drug Targets in Oncology: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Innovations)
Abstract Objective: Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumour. Invasion into the brain is a diagnostic feature of grade II meningiomas and is associated with recurrence and poor prognosis. Mebendazole is a microtubule inhibitor typically prescribed as an anthelmintic. However, it has the potential to be repurposed for cancer treatment. Here, we aimed to assess the ability of mebendazole to inhibit meningioma cell invasion. Methods: Primary patient-derived meningioma cell lines were cultured as 3D spheroids and embedded in an extracellular matrix-like matrix as an in vitro model of invasion. Mebendazole-treated and untreated control spheroids were analysed… More >

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ARTICLE

Crystal J. Byrd¹, Monasia Evans¹, Woojung Kim², Quintera Knight³, Geou-Yarh Liou^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073532
Abstract Objective: The progression of prostate cancer cells to metastasis is supported by their tumor microenvironment. Within this microenvironment, infiltrating immune cells, such as B cells, can be either anti-tumorigenic or pro-tumorigenic. Our preliminary data showed that a higher density of the infiltrating B cells was found near prostate cancer cells in human cancer tissues, as compared to the benign prostate tissue regions, thus suggesting that infiltrating B cells would promote the progression of prostate cancer cells. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of infiltrating B cells in enhancing the migratory ability of… More >

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VIEWPOINT

Paolo Maione^1,*, Valentina Palma^1,2, Cesare Gridelli¹
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.072992
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract After about 20 years of exciting improvements in treatment efficacy outcomes of advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), also combined with a progressively better safety profile, from chemotherapy to new generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (osimertinib, alectinib, brigatinib), the recent MARIPOSA and CROWN trials have changed this trend. For the first time in the history of EGFR and ALK treatments, we must face the issue of being a step behind in terms of toxicity profile. The combination of amivantamab plus lazertinib in EGFR mutant NSCLC, and… More >

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REVIEW

Vishal Rastogi^1,#, Deepak Verma^2,#, Saurabh Verma³, Prakash Haloi¹, Shruti Kapoor⁴, Havagiray R. Chitme¹, Nethaji Muniraj^5,*, Priyanka Saroj^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.072620
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Strategies in the Diagnosis, Prediction, Monitoring, and Treatment of Brain Tumors)
Abstract Metastatic brain tumors undergo profound metabolic–epigenetic reprogramming driven by the unique constraints of the brain microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) enhances glycolytic flux, lactate accumulation, and histone lactylation, collectively supporting metastatic colonization and immune evasion. Key metabolites including acetyl-CoA, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG)—directly modify chromatin states by regulating histone acetyltransferases, DNA/histone methyltransferases, and α-KG dependent dioxygenases such as Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes and lysine demethylases (KDMs). These metabolic shifts result in aberrant DNA methylation, histone lysine residue at position 27 on Histone H3 (H3K27) trimethylation, and depletion of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), all of… More >

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REVIEW

Liang Zhou, Jia Zhou, Zhengyi Wang^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.069317
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy)
Abstract A clear goal in cold tumor research is to identify strategies for converting them into immunologically ‘hot’ tumors with enhanced immune cell infiltration and activity, thereby improving their responsiveness to immunotherapy. The genesis of cold tumors is exceedingly intricate. In recent times, as the analysis of this phenomenon has been pursued with greater depth, a suite of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic technologies has surfaced. These novel approaches and tactics are anticipated to modulate the tumor immune microenvironment across various dimensions, thereby facilitating the advancement of personalized and precise treatment modalities for cold tumors. The present… More >

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REVIEW

Masanobu Tsubaki^*, Taira Matsuo, Rie Komori
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.075217
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular Targeting Therapy for Anticancer Treatment)
Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic malignancy originating from hematopoietic stem cells. It is characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome, which arises from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The breakpoint cluster region::Abelson murine leukemia 1 (BCR::ABL1) fusion protein produced from this chromosome is the main factor responsible for disease onset. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have led to significant advances in CML treatment and contributed to improved patient survival rates. Nonetheless, a substantial number of patients develop resistance to TKIs, which remains a major challenge in CML therapy. Currently, two mechanisms are considered More >

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ARTICLE

Eshita Dhar^1,2, Muhammad Ashad Kabir³, Divyabharathy Ramesh Nadar⁴, Li-Jen Kuo⁵, Jitendra Jonnagaddala^6,7, Yaoru Huang¹, Mohy Uddin^8,*, Shabbir Syed-Abdul^1,2,9,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074385
Abstract Objectives: Decisions regarding CT after nCCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) are challenging due to limited evidence guiding treatment. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning (ML) models in patients treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (nCCRT) alone vs. those receiving nCCRT plus chemotherapy (CT), (ii) identify features associated with treatment improvement, and (iii) derive ML-based thresholds for treatment response. Methods: This retrospective study included 409 patients with LARC treated at three affiliated hospitals of Taipei Medical University. Patients were categorised into two groups: nCCRT alone followed by surgery (n =… More >

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REVIEW

Sophiette G. Hong^1,2, George F. Murphy², Christine G. Lian^2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073894
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Skin Cancer Management: From Molecular Targets to Innovative Treatments)
Abstract Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive skin cancer known for its rapid progression, potential for metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, the prognosis for metastatic melanoma remains unfavorable. Recent research has shed light on the significance of epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of melanoma, revealing critical mechanisms of melanoma development and progression. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA and RNA modifications, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation, disrupt normal gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence, leading to cellular transformation, invasion, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. The reversible… More >

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REVIEW

Tiffany Chen¹, Grace Kim², Yekta Rahimi³, Monisha Kamdar⁴, Eduardo Fernandez-Hernandez⁴, Karrune Woan⁴, Eric L. Tam^4,*, George Yaghmour⁴
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072443
Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a biologically heterogeneous disease with historically limited targeted therapies and poor outcomes. The development of menin inhibitors represents a promising shift, particularly for patients harboring KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2Ar) and NPM1 mutations (NPM1m). This manuscript reviews the molecular rationale of menin inhibition for aberrant homeobox/myeloid ectopic insertion site 1 (HOX/MEIS1)-driven gene expression and leukemogenesis, clinical trial outcomes, and safety data for menin inhibitors, with a focus on recently FDA-approved revumenib and several other agents in development, ziftomenib (KO-539), bleximenib (JNJ-75276617), and icovamenib (BMF-219). We also focused our discussion on future directions to include More >

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ARTICLE

Shuhui Cheng¹, Tiana Kordbacheh¹, Antonia Banyard², Anshuman Chaturvedi³, Diego Sanchez Martinez², Crispin T. Hiley^4,5, Maggie Harris³, Clara Chan³, Corinne Faivre-Finn³, Timothy M. Illidge^1,3,#, Eleanor J. Cheadle^1,#,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072053
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Objectives: The PACIFIC trial established the benefit of durvalumab following chemo-radiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the concurrent use of radiotherapy (RT) and durvalumab (PACIFIC-2 trial) showed no additional advantage. The PD-RAD study was set up to understand the immunological effects of RT on the tumor microenvironment (TME) to aid in optimizing sequencing of combination therapies. Methods: The PD-RAD trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03258788) aimed to enroll thirty NSCLC patients receiving radical-intent RT. Tumor biopsies and blood samples were collected pre-RT and at week 2 during RT and analyzed using multiplex… More >

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REVIEW

Vincenzo Montanarella¹, Marcelo Guerrero^2,3, David Filho^2,3, Júlia German-Cortés¹, Giacomoluciano Vitelli¹, Magalí Sureda¹, Carlos Pavón Regaña¹, Roser Ferrer^1,4, Simó Schwartz^1,4, Esteban Durán-Lara^2,3, Fernanda Andrade^1,5,*, Diana Rafael^1,6,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074061
Abstract Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine, localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited. Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals, immunotherapy, or gene therapy have revolutionized oncology. Yet, their systemic administration is often associated with limitations such as poor site-specific accumulation, instability, and systemic toxicity. Hydrogels/macrogels offer the ability to encapsulate, protect, and release biomolecules in situ with sustained and stimulus-responsive profiles, addressing key translational gaps. This review provides a focused synthesis of the last five years of hydrogel-based research for cancer therapy, with emphasis on peptides, antibodies, immunotherapeutic agents, and gene delivery systems. We discuss design principles,… More >
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ARTICLE

Yen-Cheng Chen^1,2,3, Tsung-Kun Chang^1,2,4, Wei-Chih Su^1,2,4, Yung-Sung Yeh^4,5,6,7, Po-Jung Chen^1,2, Tzu-Chieh Yin^2,4,8, Ching-Chun Li^2,9, Ching-Wen Huang^2,3, Hsiang-Lin Tsai^2,3, Jaw-Yuan Wang^{1,2,3,10,11,12,*}
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.069397
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Colorectal Cancer Research and Treatment)
Abstract Background: The long-term outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery and the prognostic significance of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remain uncertain. This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of patients with LARC undergoing robotic-assisted surgery and to determine the prognostic value of pretreatment NLR. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 252 patients with LARC who were treated at a single medical center in Taiwan between January 2012 and January 2023. All patients underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by robotic-assisted surgery with total mesorectal excision (TME). Patients were stratified into four groups… More >

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ARTICLE

Zheng Qin^1,2,#, Yueyao Zhang^3,#, Dongze Liu^4,#, Xiaokang Zheng⁵, Kaibin Wang^1,2, Xiao Zhu^1,2, Yuanhao Zhang^1,2, Kexin Xu^1,2, Changying Li^1,2, Lijuan Kang^1,2, Lili Wang^1,2, Haitao Wang^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073455
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies in Solid Tumor Diagnosis, Progression, and Prognosis (Ⅱ))
Abstract Objective: Prostate cancer is the second most common fatal cancer in men. Identifying new biological therapeutic targets is crucial to effectively improve the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Ovarian tumor family deubiquitinase 4 (OTUD4) is a member of the ovarian tumor-associated protease domain (OTUDs) family. Although previous studies have shown that the expression and function of OTUD4 vary across different tumors, its role in prostate cancer remains unknown. The aim of this study is to explore new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for prostate cancer and investigate their mechanisms of action. Methods: Cell culture, Cell… More >

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ARTICLE

Shuwen Sun^1,2,3,4,#, Jingcheng Zhang^1,2,3,#, Zongtai Zheng^5,#, Yajuan Hao^1,3, Tianyuan Xu^1,2,3, Ji Liu^1,3, Liang Sun², Aimin Wang², Yadong Guo^1,3, Shiyu Mao^1,3, Xu Zhang⁶, Yunfei Xu^1,3,*, Yifan Chen^1,2,3,*, Yang Yan^1,2,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072373
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Objectives: Bladder cancer (BCa) progression is closely linked to the immune microenvironment. However, the key molecules that regulate this microenvironment and their specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify a key molecule and elucidate its mechanisms, providing a theoretical basis for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Methods: Immune microenvironment-related genes in BCa were identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital datasets. Proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 2 (PSMD2) expression was validated via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot (WB) analysis, and immunofluorescence (IF). In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the… More >
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Ina Shehaj^1,2,*, Slavomir Krajnak¹, Katrin Almstedt¹, Yaman Degirmenci¹, Roxana Schwab¹, Kathrin Stewen¹, Walburgis Brenner¹, Annette Hasenburg¹, Marcus Schmidt^1,#, Anne-Sophie Heimes^1,#
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072222
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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ARTICLE

Pauline Gousseau^#, Laurie Genest, Guillaume Froget, Tristan Rupp^§,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072141
Abstract Objectives: The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is notably low, posing a significant challenge to patient health. The primary treatments are radiotherapy and chemotherapy, sometimes combined with targeted therapy; however, their clinical benefits are limited. Therefore, developing new models to evaluate the therapeutic potential of novel molecules is essential. Fingolimod and Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF), currently used to treat multiple sclerosis, have recently been shown to have anti-cancer effects in several preclinical tumor models. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Fingolimod and DMF in pancreatic cancer by investigating their respective in vitro cytotoxicity… More >
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ARTICLE

Frank Traub^1,#, Muhammad A. Panezai^1,#, Michaela Moisch¹, Julia Melke¹, Leonard Schöbel¹, Tilmann Busse¹, Fei Xing², Jiachen Sun², Ulrike Ritz^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071919
Abstract Objectives: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive method used in the treatment of various cancers and skin diseases, but it is not widely used in bone cancer, where the current therapy is often not effective and accompanied by side effects. Alternative and more effective therapies like PDT are needed. In this in-vitro study, the effect of the photosensitizer (PS) chlorin e6 (Ce6) on cancerous bone tumor cells using PDT was examined. Methods: A total of 27 tissue specimens from patients with primary bone cancers or bone metastases of different origins were genetically characterized and treated… More >

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ARTICLE

Shulong Zhang^1,#, Yijun Zhao^2,#, Li Geng², Feihong Song², Li Feng³, Jun Jiang³, Qianqian Cai^4,*, Fei Fan^2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071739
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal malignancy driven by both intrinsic oncogenic pathways and immune microenvironmental regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that DNASE1L3 may influence tumor biology and immune responses; however, its specific roles in HCC progression and macrophage-mediated regulation remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the biological functions of DNASE1L3 in HCC and to determine how it modulates tumor behavior and immune interactions. Methods: Bioinformatics analyses of the GSE41804 and Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) datasets were used to identify hub genes. Functional assays assessed the impact of DNASE1L3 on HCC cell proliferation,… More >

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ARTICLE

Guojian Zhou^1,2,#, Rui Zhang^1,#, Lei Nie^1,#, Yi Si¹, Ting Liu¹, Jing Wang¹, Shuangshuang Han¹, Mingda Xuan¹, Jia Wang^3,*, Weifang Yu^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070333
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of potential targets and biomarkers for cancers and the exploration of novel molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis)
Abstract Objectives: Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, ranking as the fifth most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. This study intends to investigate how Inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA) promotes the progression of GC by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway via targeting Integrin alpha-6 (ITGA6). Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilised to validate the expression levels of INHBA in GC, which were subsequently correlated with the clinicopathological factors and outcomes. Cellular and animal studies were conducted to ascertain… More >

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VIEWPOINT

Guido Carloni, Monica Rinaldi^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071847
Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are increasingly recognized as significant etiological factors in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (B-NHLs). Epidemiological and molecular studies have demonstrated a consistent association between chronic viral infection and B-NHLs. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in lymphomagenesis, both direct and indirect, including chronic antigenic stimulation, direct infection of B cells, and viral protein–mediated oncogenic signaling, It is likely that a combination of several pathogenic conditions is required to eventually lead to the development of lymphoma. The prevalence of B-cell lymphomas among individuals with chronic… More >

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ARTICLE

Yuanxin Miao^1,2, Fengyun Hao^3,*, Sae Hwi Ki^1,4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071034
Abstract Objectives: The eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) translation initiation complex inhibitors (eIF4Fi) were recently found to hyperactivate extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signals, which contribute to acquired resistance to BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) inhibitors in melanoma. This present study aims to elucidate how to overcome the resistance of the eIF4Fi in BRAF^V600E mutant melanoma cells and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Melanoma A375 (vemurafenib [VEM]-sensitive) and A375R (VEM-resistant) cells were exposed to eIF4Fi RocA at varying doses and durations in vitro. We investigated the impact of RocA on the activity of ERK1/2, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1… More >

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REVIEW

Iara Santos¹, Joana Liberal^1,2, Paulo Teixeira^1,3,4, Diana Martins^1,2,5,6, Fernando Mendes^1,2,5,6,7,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070281
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Colorectal Cancer Research and Treatment)
Abstract Background: The Colorectal Cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by the gut microbiome, making it a promising biomarker for predicting treatment responses and adverse effects. This systematic review aims to outline the gut microbiome composition in individuals with CRC undergoing the same therapeutic regimen and evaluate interindividual microbiome profile variations to better understand how these differences may influence therapeutic outcomes. Methods: Key studies investigating the microbiome’s role in therapeutic approaches for CRC were searched in both PubMed and Cochrane databases on 12 and 22 March 2025, respectively. Eligible studies included free full-text English-language… More >
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Pingping Hu^1,2,#, Zhenhao Fei^1,2,#, Jianhua Bai^1,2, Zhiwen Wang^1,2, Yun Jin^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070207
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Objectives: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by poor prognosis due to its limited treatment choices and delayed detection. S100A14 has been implicated in tumor progression, yet its regulatory hierarchy and functional interplay in PC remain unclear. This study aimed to define the role of S100A14 in PC progression. Methods: Integrated bioinformatic analyses of TCGA-PAAD and GSE22780 datasets identified candidate hub genes. Prognostic relevance was assessed via Kaplan-Meier and ROC analyses. Functional experiments were performed in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, including qRT-PCR, CCK-8 assay, Western blotting, Transwell assay, and apoptosis assay. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to verify… More >

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Candela Cives-Losada^1,2, Cristiana Soldani², Michela Anna Polidoro², Barbara Franceschini², Ana Lleo^3,4, Marcello Di Martino^1,5, Matteo Donadon^1,5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.074093
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer worldwide, being the presence of metastasis, mainly in the liver, a major contributor to high mortality rates in affected patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME)—comprised of interacting endothelial, stromal, and immune cells—plays a critical role in creating a supportive niche for tumor cell colonization and immune evasion and, thus, the establishment of metastases. The liver’s intrinsic nature further facilitates the development of immune tolerance, mediated by regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and soluble factors such as anti-inflammatory cytokines, which together dampen antitumor immune responses. This immunosuppressive milieu More >
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Donatella Coradduzza^1,#, Anna La Salvia^2,#, Giuseppe Fanciulli³, Maria Rosaria De Miglio^3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073045
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Background: An increasing number of studies have shown that ferroptosis is related to the initiation and development of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The systematic review aimed to summarize the characteristics of ferroptosis from its pathogenetic role to translational therapeutic implications in SCLC. Methods: This systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251090058), followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive research of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed for studies published between January 2010 and July 2025 investigating ferroptosis mechanisms, genetic or pharmacological modulation, or molecular profiling in SCLC. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality… More >

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Gwan Hee Han^1,2,#, Hee Yun^3,#, Joon-Yong Chung⁴, Jae-Hoon Kim^3,5,6, Hanbyoul Cho^3,5,6,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072105
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies in Solid Tumor Diagnosis, Progression, and Prognosis (Ⅱ))
Abstract Objectives: Phosphodiesterase 1A (PDE1A) regulates intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling and has been implicated in tumor progression, but its clinical relevance and functional role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), particularly in relation to the response to platinum remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of PDE1A in EOG and to clarify its functional role in tumor progression and response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: PDE1A mRNA and protein levels were analyzed using public databases, RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. Correlations between PDE1A expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis were assessed. Functional roles were investigated in ovarian… More >

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Fangyuan Zhang^1,#, Xi Wang^2,#, Xinxin Shen³, Pei Xiong³, Yan Yang^4,*, Jincheng Wang^5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.074893
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Transcriptome Analysis in Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Heterogeneity)
Abstract Accumulating evidence indicates that the neuro-immune axis is central to gastric cancer pathogenesis. Dynamic, bidirectional signaling between neural circuits and immune cells promotes tumor progression, shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and contributes to therapeutic resistance. We synthesize current knowledge on how autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and sensory innervation regulate gastric cancer biology. These circuits act through neurotransmitters (catecholamines, acetylcholine) and neuropeptides (substance P [SP], calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP]) to foster tumor growth and angiogenesis, facilitate perineural invasion, and enable immune evasion by recruiting suppressive myeloid and lymphoid populations and by inducing checkpoint molecule expression. We also… More >

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Jo-Yu Lin^1,#, Tien-Huang Lin^2,3,#, Ya-Jing Jiang⁴, Liang-Wei Lin⁴, Kuan-Ying Lai⁵, Yi-Chin Fong^6,7,8, Chih-Chuang Liaw^5,9,*, Chih-Hsin Tang^1,4,10,11,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.074202
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Molecular Therapeutics for Prostate Cancer)
Abstract Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent malignancy in men and often correlates with distant metastasis in its advanced stages. The study aimed to investigate the effects of Ugonin J, a natural compound isolated from Helminthostachys zeylanica, on PCa metastasis. Methods: The effects of Ugonin J on cell motility were assessed using migration and invasion assays. Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to evaluate the impact of Ugonin J on mRNA and protein expression. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed to investigate candidate mechanisms. Differential gene expression analysis in PCa patients… More >

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Saad Alobid^1,#, Hussam Albassam^1,#, Tebyan O. Mirgany², Faris Almutairi¹, Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi¹, Ahmed H. Bakheit², Hanadi H. Asiri², Eram Eltahir³, Gamaleldin I. Harisa^3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073371
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Pharmacological Bases of Anticancer Drug Therapies in Precision Oncology)
Abstract Objective: Glioblastoma (GB) therapy is challenged by tumor heterogeneity and multidrug resistance (MDR), highlighting the need for effective therapies. This study aimed to explore the combined anticancer effects of Sunitinib (SNB) and Fenofibrate (FEN) on U87 cells. Methods: U87 cells were exposed to SNB, FEN, or their combination for 24 h, followed by evaluations of cell viability, migration, and clonogenic survival using MTT, scratch, and colony formation assays. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified via the 2^′, 7^′-dichlorofluorescein assay, while mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using JC-1 red/green fluorescence. Molecular docking was performed to… More >
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Norbert Nass^1,2,*, Atanas Ignatov³, Thomas Kalinski¹
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072793
Abstract Objectives: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates tumor vascularization in response to hypoxia and inflammatory signals. The polyphenol curcumin is supposed to interfere with inflammation-induced VEGF secretion and might therefore support anti-VEGF-based treatments. We aimed to investigate the interaction between curcumin and the inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) for VEGF secretion in breast cancer cell lines representing major breast cancer subtypes. Methods: VEGF in cell cultures was detected by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kinase phosphorylation was investigated by Western blotting. Gene expressions were analyzed by correlation tests. VEGF was evaluated in a retrospective… More >
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Yuriy Mayasin^1,*, Maria Osinnikova², Daria Osadchaya¹, Victoria Dmitrienko¹, Anna Gorodilova¹, Chulpan Kharisova¹, Kristina Kitaeva¹, Valeria Solovyeva¹, Albert Rizvanov^1,3
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073008
Abstract Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by rare Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) tumor cells that uniformly express cluster of differentiation (CD)30 molecules and orchestrate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, making CD30 an attractive and selective therapeutic target. We summarize the biological rationale for CD30 as a therapeutic target and the preclinical and clinical evidence across major platforms: antibody-drug conjugates (brentuximab vedotin), monoclonal antibodies (including acimtamig and its combinations with Natural Killer cells), second- and third-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, and alternative modalities. Particular attention is given to standardized response assessment (IWG, Lugano, RECIL criteria), which enables appropriate… More >

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Amy J. Petty^*, Drew A. Emge, Adela R. Cardones
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073383
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Shaping the Future: The Next Evolution of Cancer Immunotherapy)
Abstract Skin cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and melanoma representing the most clinically significant types. While traditional treatments are effective for early-stage disease, advanced or metastatic cases often pose significant therapeutic challenges. Patients with high-risk or recurrent disease face limited options and poor prognoses. The emergence of immunotherapy has dramatically transformed the treatment landscape across multiple cancer types, including cutaneous malignancies. This review highlights recent advancements in immunotherapeutic strategies for BCC, cSCC, and melanoma, underscoring their growing importance in dermatologic oncology. We synthesize More >

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Amal F. Gharib¹, Ohud Alsalmi¹, Hayaa M. Alhuthali¹, Afaf Alharthi¹, Saud Ayed Alharthi², Shaimaa A. Alharthi³, Rasha L. Etewa⁴, Wael H. Elsawy^5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073051
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies in Solid Tumor Diagnosis, Progression, and Prognosis (Ⅱ))
Abstract Background: Locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-LSCC) presents clinical challenges due to the lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate miR-449a as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LA-LSCC. Methods: miR-449a expression was analyzed in tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues, and serum from 81 LA-LSCC patients and 50 controls using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We assessed the diagnostic accuracy by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC curves), clinicopathological associations, survival outcomes (Kaplan-Meier), and treatment response dynamics. Results: miR-449a was significantly downregulated in LA-LSCC tissues (p < 0.0001) and serum (p <… More >

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Myeong Ryeo Kim^1,*, Jae Rim Lee¹, Xiaohan Zhang², Kwang Won Jeong^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072592
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Discover Biomarkers for Personalized Oncology)
Abstract Objectives: Tamoxifen is a key drug that provides endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor (ER) α-positive breast cancer; however, resistance remains a significant clinical challenge. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance in ERα-positive breast cancer, with particular focus on the role of SET Domain Containing 1A (SETD1A)-driven forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) as a key regulator of this resistance. Methods: FOXA2 expression and its regulation by SETD1A were assessed via (quantitative polymerase chain reaction), western blotting, transcriptome profiling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. The effects of FOXA2 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cancer… More >

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Marcia Eduarda Viana Luna^1,2, Gustavo Jacob Lourenço², Juliana Carron^2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072133
Abstract This literature review explores the complex interaction between p53 and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer (BC), the most common and lethal tumor type among women. BC is a multifactorial disease resulting from a combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations in cell DNA, influencing proliferation, differentiation, and migration. TP53 gene, which codifies p53 protein, is a known tumor suppressor, and it plays an important role in cell maintenance as DNA repair, cell proliferation control, and apoptosis activation. TP53 expression can be modulated by several miRNAs, as miR-30c, miR-34a, and the miR-200 family, More >

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Tena Šimunjak^1,*, Bernardica Jurić², Andro Košec^3,4, Vladimir Bedeković^3,4
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072100
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Head and Neck Cancer: Cutting-Edge Treatments and Future Directions)
Abstract Background: Collision medullary and papillary thyroid carcinoma (MTC/PTC) is a rare entity, constituting less than 1% of all thyroid malignancies. The concurrent presence of these malignancies in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, such as Graves’ disease, is even more uncommon. Calcitonin (Ctn) is considered one of the key MTC biomarkers. Mixed tumors may alter this relationship. Case Description: We report the case of a 55-year-old female with a history of Graves’ disease, who underwent total thyroidectomy for persistent dysthyroid orbitopathy. Histopathological analysis revealed a 9-mm collision MTC/PTC tumor in the left thyroid lobe, confirmed through More >

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