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REVIEW

Mariana Lopes^1,#, Carlos Vila Nova^2,3,#, Rui Caetano Oliveira^3,4, Fernando Schmitt⁵, Fernando Mendes^1,6,7,8,9,*, Diana Martins^1,6,7,8
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074215
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Targeted and Precision Medicine in Breast Oncology)
Abstract Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15% of all invasive breast cancers and is characterized by aggressive behavior, limited therapeutic options, and poor clinical outcomes. Due to the absence of hormone receptors and HER2 expression, systemic treatment relies predominantly on chemotherapy, which is associated with high rates of early recurrence and mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the microbiome can contribute to TNBC progression and influence therapeutic response, particularly affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy through immune-mediated mechanisms; however, its role in TNBC remains incompletely understood. This systematic review aims to explore… More >

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Dimitra P. Vageli^1,2,3,4,*, Panagiotis G. Doukas⁵, Nikolaos Papageorgiou¹, Chrysanthi A. Markou¹, Konstantina Zacharouli¹, Maria Ioannou^1,6
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077195
Abstract Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, with a poor prognosis in advanced stages. Although histological tumor grading is an established prognostic parameter, it often fails to capture the biological heterogeneity of RCC. Therefore, identifying novel biomarkers could enhance early diagnosis and improve predictive accuracy. Here, we aimed to test whether immunophenotypes of specific glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family members may have prognostic value in RCC. Methods: We investigated the relationship between GPX1 and GPX3 immunophenotypes and clinicopathological parameters in 32 surgical specimens of clear cell RCC (ccRCC)… More >

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Ji Hoon Jang, Joo-Young Kim, Tae-Jin Lee^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073660
Abstract Molecular glue degraders (MGDs) are an emerging class of small molecules that promote selective protein degradation by inducing neomorphic interactions between E3 ubiquitin ligases and non-native substrates, referred to as neosubstrates. Clinically validated examples include thalidomide analogs that recruit cereblon (CRBN) to degrade IKAROS family zinc finger 1/3 in multiple myeloma, and arylsulfonamide-based MGDs that promote the degradation of RNA-binding protein 39 in acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumors. These molecules highlight the therapeutic potential of this modality in oncology. These findings underscore the promise of MGDs for eliminating oncogenic proteins previously considered undruggable and… More >
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Pengtao Hu¹, Junjie Sun¹, Jian Lu², Chunlei Ge³, Hanzhi Sun¹, Chengyu Lv^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076013
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Colorectal Cancer Research and Treatment)
Abstract Liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) are a primary cause of poor patient prognosis, closely linked to the liver’s unique tumor microenvironment (TME). Compared to primary tumors, research on the TME of liver metastases remains insufficient. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in TME research concerning colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), emphasizing its organ-specific characteristics, pivotal role in tumor progression, and influence on treatment response. We delve into the intricate cellular components of the TME—including tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells—and non-cellular constituents such as the extracellular matrix and soluble factors. Furthermore, we explore More >

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Cristina Díaz del Arco^1,2,*, Luis Ortega Medina^1,2, Patricia Barreiro Sanabria², Andrés Sánchez Pernaute³, Lourdes Estrada Muñoz⁴, Elena Molina Roldán⁵, María Jesús Fernández Aceñero^1,2
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075609
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Gastroenteropancreatic Tumors: From Basic Research to Therapeutic Approach)
Abstract Background: Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) has become a clinically relevant therapeutic target in gastric adenocarcinoma (GC), with zolbetuximab now approved for use in CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative advanced disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, intratumoral reproducibility, and clinicopathologic associations of CLDN18.2 expression in a Western cohort of resected GC. Methods: CLDN18.2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 204 resected GCs arranged in tissue microarrays containing duplicate tumor cores corresponding to the tumor center and invasive front. Correlations between paired cores, clinicopathologic parameters, additional biomarkers (E-cadherin, HER2, p53, mismatch repair (MMR)), and clinical outcomes were… More >

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ARTICLE

Aleksander Strąk¹, Ludmiła Grzybowska-Szatkowska^1,*, Paweł Cisek¹, Marta Ostrowska-Leśko², Jarosław Dudka², Joanna Kubik³, Jacek Osuchowski⁴, Paweł Szmygin⁴, Bożena Jarosz⁴, Andrzej Krajka⁵, Tomasz Krajka⁶, Kazimierz Szatkowski⁷, Brygida Ślaska⁸
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074078
Abstract Objectives: Brain gliomas are among the tumors with the worst prognosis, and their incidence is increasing. Postoperative temozolomide-based chemoradiotherapy for grades 3 and 4 gliomas extended overall survival (OS) by approximately two months. An increasing number of clinical trials are investigating molecular-based therapy. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of Golgi apparatus proteins, including MYO18A (myosin-18A), in processes associated with abnormal proliferation, migration, apoptosis evasion, and angiogenesis promotion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MYO18A has prognostic value in patients treated for brain gliomas. Methods: The research material in the work included… More >

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ARTICLE

Wen-Hsin Hsu^1,2,#, Kai-Fu Chang^3,4,#, Chih-Hsuan Chang^3,4, Hui-Ru Lin^5,6, Chi-Jen Wu^5,7, Ching-Chung Ko^8,9,10, Cheng-Chun Wu¹¹, Yu-Cheng Ho¹¹, Chih-Chun Lin¹², Chien-Han Yuan^3,5,13,14, Sachin Kumar^15,16, Dahlak Daniel Solomon¹⁵, Fitria Sari Wulandari¹⁵, Juan Lorell Ngadio¹⁷, Do Thi Minh Xuan¹⁸, Chung-Bao Hsieh¹⁹, Chung-Chieh Chiao²⁰, Ngoc Uyen Nhi Nguyen^21,22, Chih-Yang Wang^15,20, Yung-Kuo Lee^3,4,5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.070445
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Background: Glycosylation and inflammation are pivotal in tumor progression, yet the specific glycosyltransferases bridging these processes remain poorly defined. This study investigated Exostosin-1 (EXT1), a key enzyme in heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis, as a mechanistic bridge connecting inflammation, stromal remodeling, and immune evasion-driven cancers. Methods: We used a multi-omics approach including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer cohorts, transcriptomics, survival, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), DNA methylation profiling, pathway enrichment analysis (MetaCore), molecular docking, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissue microarrays. Results:… More >

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Sebastian A. Wohlfeil^1,2,3,*, Jochen S. Utikal^1,2,3
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078650
Abstract Over the past decade, the therapeutic paradigm of cutaneous melanoma has been transformed strongly, driven by advances in immuno-oncology and precision medicine. Building on the success of immune checkpoint blockade and targeted therapy, new treatment strategies now aim to improve efficacy, overcome resistance, and prolong the durability of responses. Clinical trials on neoadjuvant therapy supporting its clinical use are presented. Furthermore, the latest progress in combinatorial immune checkpoint inhibition such as dual anti-LAG-3 or anti-TIGIT with anti-PD-1 blockade, next-generation bispecific antibody development, mRNA-based vaccines in clinical practice, and intralesional therapies are summarized. Additionally, it outlines More >

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ARTICLE

Chunhui Tian^1,2, Weipin Xie^1,2, Wen Li², Huaiyu Gu², Xuebao Liu², Busheng Tong^1,*, Yehai Liu^1,*, Huaiyuan Zong^3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077171
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Next-Generation Oncology: Unearthing and Validating Novel Therapeutic Targets)
Abstract Background: In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), solute carrier family 16 member 1 (SLC16A1) is associated with tumor advancement and reduced sensitivity to ferroptosis, yet the molecular basis of these effects remains unclear. This study seeks to uncover how SLC16A1 contributes to HNSCC tumorigenesis. Methods: To elucidate how SLC16A1 drives HNSCC progression via ferroptosis resistance, we performed RNA sequencing on SLC16A1-knockdown HNSCC cells and controls, followed by functional validation. We next systematically assessed the role of the candidate molecule solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in HNSCC progression and resistance to ferroptosis… More >
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REVIEW

Francesco Petrella^1,2,*, Andrea Cara¹, Enrico Mario Cassina¹, Lidia Libretti¹, Emanuele Pirondini¹, Federico Raveglia¹, Maria Chiara Sibilia¹, Antonio Tuoro¹
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076281
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Immunotherapy in Early-Stage and Locally Advanced Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer)
Abstract The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 has transformed the therapeutic landscape of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and recent clinical trials have extended their application to resectable disease. Multiple randomized phase III trials have demonstrated that neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy, particularly when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, significantly improves pathological complete response (pCR), major pathological response (MPR), event-free survival (EFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) compared to chemotherapy alone. Several key questions remain unresolved—including whether preoperative or postoperative immunotherapy yields superior outcomes, whether adjuvant therapy provides additional More >

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ARTICLE

I Made Bayu Anggriawan^1,2,3,*, Heather G. Jørgensen^4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074734
Abstract Background: Persistent leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are insensitive to targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Identifying alternative molecular vulnerabilities may offer new therapeutic opportunities. This study aimed to identify active RAS/RAF signalling pathway components in persistent CML-LSCs using publicly available datasets to propose a novel drug combination that could synergise with TKI therapy. Methods: EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas and Stemformatics were used to analyse gene expression within the chosen signalling pathway using DESeq2 analysis in R Studio. Genes that showed statistically significant differences across three comparisons (CML vs. normal; post… More >

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Yiyang Zhao¹, Changchang Sun¹, Qihan Dong², Jiangyang He¹, Yan Wang^1,3,*, Ling Bi^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076499
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Insights in Drug Resistance of Cancer Therapy: A New Wine in an Old Bottle)
Abstract Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an emerging biophysical principle that governs subcellular organization through the formation of dynamic, membraneless biomolecular condensates. This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted mechanisms by which dysregulated LLPS drives cancer drug resistance and to explore therapeutic strategies targeting oncogenic biomolecular condensates for improved anticancer outcomes. We synthesize evidence demonstrating that dysregulated LLPS drives cancer drug resistance through diverse mechanisms, including sustaining oncogenic transcription despite targeted therapies, creating physical barriers against chemotherapeutics, modulating immune checkpoint activity, enhancing DNA damage repair, promoting cancer stemness and radioresistance. By integrating insights from cell cycle More >

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REVIEW

Thanh Hoa Vo^1,2, Edel McNeela^1,2, Orla O’Donnovan^1,2, Jai Prakash Mehta³, Van Hoa Nguyen⁴, Sweta Rani^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075346
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Targeted and Precision Medicine in Breast Oncology)
Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of drug resistance in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, a subtype in which both intrinsic and acquired resistance to HER2-targeted therapies remain major clinical challenges. Although mechanistic studies have begun to reveal how lncRNAs modulate signaling pathways, interact with microRNAs, and influence the tumor microenvironment, dedicated investigations in HER2-positive disease are still limited. This review synthesizes current evidence across epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional mechanisms of resistance, including competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, RNA-binding protein interactions, and exosome-mediated intercellular communication. Particular emphasis is… More >

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ARTICLE

Yan Wang^1,#, Jialei Zhu^2,#, Shiyang Wei^3,4,#, Lijie Jin¹, Zhanqiu Liu¹, Jie Xu¹, Nana Yang¹, Xuefeng Jiang⁴, Caizhi Wang^1,*, Lingling Wang^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.068833
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Advance in Gynecologic Oncology)
Abstract Background: The role of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like protein (HPDL) in endometrial cancer (EC) progression remains poorly understood, particularly its involvement in metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk via lactate-driven histone lactylation. This study aimed to investigate HPDL’s mechanistic contribution to EC pathogenesis. Methods: Stable HPDL-overexpressing and knockdown EC cell lines (HEC-1-B and AN3CA) were generated using lentiviral vectors. Functional assays (proliferation, migration, invasion), subcutaneous xenograft models in BALB/c nude mice, and molecular analyses were conducted. Lactate levels, Pan-lysine lactylation (pan-kla), histone H3K18 lactylation (H3K18la), and effects of sodium oxamate (lactate modulator) were assessed. Lactate Dehydrogenase A/Lactate Dehydrogenase B (LDHA/LDHB) knockdown,… More >

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Jun-Hui Chen¹, Si-Run Du¹, Chang Liu¹, Bei-Bei Liu¹, Hai-Ying Xu², Xin-Ying Ji², Bo Feng³, Chun-Zheng Ma³, Jun-Hui Guo^3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073484
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies in Solid Tumor Diagnosis, Progression, and Prognosis (Ⅱ))
Abstract Esophageal cancer (EC) ranks among the most lethal gastrointestinal malignancies. Due to challenges in early diagnosis, molecular heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance, patient prognosis remains extremely poor, necessitating the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. As a core effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, the potential significance of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) has garnered increasing attention. This paper aims to systematically summarize the multi-omics research, molecular mechanisms, and preclinical/translational evidence for YAP1, covering its activation pathways, biological functions, clinical significance, and therapeutic strategies. We elucidated YAP1’s multidimensional regulatory network in EC, including Hippo-dependent and -independent mechanisms, cross-regulation… More >

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CASE REPORT

Xie Ding^1,2,3,#, Xinfeng Liu^4,#, Cheng Dai⁵, Xiaoxiao Wang^1,2,3, Zhaopeng Zheng^2,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.071213
Abstract Background: Immunotherapy has markedly reshaped the therapeutic landscape for patients with postoperative progression and metastasis. As a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, camrelizumab has been proven to exhibit both efficacy and safety in the treatment of advanced dMMR solid tumors. Case Description: A 58-year-old female patient with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium (NECE) who was treated with camrelizumab coupled with chemotherapy, subsequent maintenance monotherapy with camrelizumab, and adjuvant pelvic local radiotherapy. Up to December 2024, the patient has survived 28 months since treatment, with 26 months free from disease progression, and the assessment indicated a status of More >

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Omar Badran^1,2,*, Siraj Attarya³
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075916
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of potential targets and biomarkers for cancers and the exploration of novel molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis)
Abstract Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) constitutes a principal factor in the amplification of oncogenes and the progression of tumors in solid malignancies. This review synthesizes emerging mechanistic, genomic, and immunologic evidence across multiple tumor types, including glioblastoma, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, urothelial, prostate, gynecologic, pediatric, and head-and-neck cancers, with the goal of clarifying the role of ecDNA in immune escape and therapy resistance and outlining its translational implications for precision oncology. ecDNA comprises substantial acentromeric circular elements that serve as transcriptional hubs, modulate enhancer–promoter interactions, and undergo dynamic copy-number cycling, thereby fostering intratumoral heterogeneity and resistance to… More >

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Haojie Yang^1,2,#, Zicong Tan^1,2,#, Zihao Liu^3,#, Kang Chen^1,2, Ning Liufu^1,2,*, Fengtao Ji^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073081
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies in Solid Tumor Diagnosis, Progression, and Prognosis (Ⅱ))
Abstract Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a crucial role in the progression of malignant tumors such as breast cancer. Methods: A circRNA microarray was used to detect key circRNAs in breast cancer. Expression of Circ72688 was verified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. Transwell assay and in vivo assay were conducted to prove the function of Circ72688. Exploring the downstream mechanism, dual-luciferase reporter assay, western blotting, and tissue microarray were performed. Results: We sequenced and identified a circRNA, hsa-circ-0072688, also known as Circ72688. Our research found that Circ72688 enhanced tumor metastasis both More >

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Jarosław Nuszkiewicz^1,*, Joanna Wróblewska¹, Marek Jóźwiak², Marta Pawłowska¹
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077020
Abstract Melatonin, an endogenous indoleamine primarily synthesized in the pineal gland, has emerged as a promising adjunctive agent within integrative oncology due to its pleiotropic biological actions. Beyond its well-known chronobiological functions, melatonin exerts potent redox-regulatory, anti-inflammatory, oncostatic, and immune-modulating effects that are relevant across multiple stages of carcinogenesis and cancer therapy. Oxidative stress (OS), defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation and antioxidant defenses, plays a central role in DNA damage, protein adduct formation, and lipid peroxidation, ultimately contributing to mutation accumulation, treatment resistance, and tumor progression. Melatonin modulates these… More >

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REVIEW

Edward Sutanto¹, Rinni Sutanto², Sara Velichkovikj³, Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev⁴, Mitko Mladenov⁴, Dimiter Avtanski^5,6,7, Radoslav Stojchevski^5,6,8,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076157
Abstract The rapid growth and accessibility of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have opened many avenues to revolutionize biomedical research, particularly in oncogenesis. Oncogenesis is a hallmark process in the development of cancer, involving the amplification of proto-oncogenes and the subsequent dysregulation of molecular signaling networks. These pathways—including the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K-AKT, JAK-STAT, TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-Catenin, and Notch cascades—have been studied extensively in isolation, with major strides achieved in understanding how they drive cancer. However, there are still many considerations regarding how these networks interact. Ongoing studies show that crosstalk among these pathways occurs through feedback… More >

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ARTICLE

Wei Xu^1,#, Yuanyuan Zhang^2,#, Yizhi Ge^2,*, Yesong Guo^2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075314
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Metabolic Heterogeneity in Cancer: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications)
Abstract Objectives: Radio-resistance hinders the effectiveness of radiotherapy for treating colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Metadherin (MTDH) is proposed to exert a pivotal role in resistance to radiotherapy in various malignancies. This study aims to investigate the precise impact of MTDH on CRC radio-resistance. Methods: Through a fusion of 14 machine learning algorithms and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpretability analysis, we pinpointed MTDH as a pivotal gene implicated in radio-resistance mechanisms. Subsequently, we investigated MTDH expression in CRC tissues using single-cell RNA sequencing data (scRNA-seq) and bulk transcriptomic data. MTDH level was also examined in tissues from… More >

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ARTICLE

Yu-Hao Huang¹, Yu-Ci Tu¹, Peng-Ju Chien^1,2, An-Jie Lee¹, Chia-Liang Lin³, Shao-Ti Li⁴, Yueh-Chun Lee^4,5,*, Wen-Wei Chang^1,6,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075190
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Discovery of a Potent Antitumor Agent: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential)
Abstract Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies, including radiotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor initiation, metastasis, and therapy resistance in TNBC. Identifying pathways sustaining CSCs in radioresistant TNBC is key for targeted therapies. This study examines SRC proto-oncogene (SRC) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in radioresistance and CSC maintenance. Methods: A radioresistant MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell line (231RR) was developed and compared to the parental line for CSC activity and self-renewal. Western blotting assessed molecular changes; functional assays followed… More >

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Xiaomeng Li^1,2, Xuejiao Li², Hongbo Wu^1,*, Rui Li^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076176
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Direct and Paracrine Interactions within the Tumor or Tumor and its  Microenvironment)
Abstract Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, primarily driven by metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion mechanisms within tumor cells. To adapt to the nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment (TME), lung cancer cells undergo profound metabolic reprogramming, characterized by enhanced glycolysis (the Warburg effect), increased glutamine dependency (mediated by GLS1), and accelerated lipid synthesis (involving enzymes such as FASN). These metabolic alterations not only remodel the TME but also dampen antitumor immune responses by promoting immunosuppressive cell populations (e.g., Tregs and M2 macrophages) and inhibiting effector functions of CD8⁺ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.… More >

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ARTICLE

Peng Xian^1,2,#, Zhenwei Feng^1,3,#, Haitao Yu³, Hubin Yin^1,3, Haonan Chen¹, Tenglin Shi¹, Xilai Li^1,3, Chunlin Zhang^1,3, Xuesong Bai^1,3, Xin Gou^1,*, Xinyuan Li^1,3,*, Jie Li^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073156
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular Mechanisms of Urogenital Cancers)
Abstract Objective: Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a central driver of prostate cancer progression, yet the metabolic and transcriptional mechanisms regulating AR expression remain incompletely characterized. This study investigated whether the immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX-0914 suppresses hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) through metabolic modulation of AR and aimed to identify the transcriptional mediator involved. Methods: HSPC and castration-resistant prostate cancer models were used to evaluate the effects of ONX-0914 on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Xenograft assays, bioinformatic screening, and analyses of O-GlcNAcylation and protein stability were performed, together with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and… More >

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Evangelos Manousakis¹, Cristina Moreta-Moraleda¹, Clàudia Martinez Miralles¹, Anna Tomàs Pujolà¹, Houda Baccara², Laia Liñán Franquet¹, Montserrat Montañés Albó¹, Roberto Ferrari², Roni H. G. Wright^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074965
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Pathology, Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies for Breast Cancer)
Abstract Objective: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide, and despite advances in therapy and treatment options, tumour relapse and metastasis remain major clinical challenges, largely driven by the breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) niche that resists conventional treatments and regenerates tumours. In breast cancer, where approximately 30% of patients who initially respond to treatment ultimately relapse and die of metastatic disease, targeting BCSCs is critical for improving patient outcomes. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A/p21 (CDKN1A/p21) is a multifunctional protein that is known primarily for its role in regulating the cell cycle… More >
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Kuan-Hao Lin¹, Yu-Ju Lin¹, Yu-Bin Hong¹, Meng-Huai Hsu¹, Zhen-Xiang Liao¹, Shuo-Yu Chang¹, Chiou-Hwa Yuh^1,2,3,4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074144
Abstract Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has limited systemic options with substantial toxicity. G-quadruplex (G4) structures in oncogene promoters are attractive but challenging drug targets. This study aimed to determine whether glutamic acid–chelated cobalt (GACC) is a G4-active scaffold with anti-HCC efficacy and favorable in vivo safety, and whether an AI-guided phenotypic response surface (PRS) can optimize less toxic combinations. Methods: Anticancer activity was tested in HCC cell lines (PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B, HepG2) and non-transformed THLE-2 hepatocytes (CCK-8, IC₅₀). In vivo safety/efficacy were assessed in zebrafish embryo toxicity assays, a Hep3B xenograft model, and a tert-overexpressing transgenic zebrafish model, with hepatotoxicity… More >
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Wubin Zhao^#, Qi Wang^#, Jun Zhang^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076406
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Therapeutic Challenges in Targeting Cell Death)
Abstract Disulfidptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death (RCD) first described in 2023, representing a significant advance in understanding programmed cell death pathways. This unique cell death modality is characterized by abnormal intracellular accumulation of disulfide bonds and disruption of redox homeostasis, leading to cytoskeletal collapse without caspase activation. Disulfidptosis is primarily triggered by glucose deprivation in cells with high expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Under these conditions, insufficient NADPH supply prevents the effective reduction of accumulated cystine to cysteine, thereby inducing disulfide stress. Distinct from apoptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis,… More >

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Carlo Ronsini^1,*, Giuseppe Cucinella¹, Maria Cristina Solazzo¹, Mariano Catello Di Donna¹, Cono Scaffa¹, Stefano Cianci², Manuela Ludovisi³, Sandro Pignata⁴, Vito Chiantera¹
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074934
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Drug Targets and Combination Strategies in Gynecologic Cancers)
Abstract Background: The optimal sequencing of surgery and chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer remains debated. While primary debulking surgery (PDS) has been considered the standard approach, recent randomized trials have questioned its survival advantage over neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS). The study aimed to systematically evaluate phase III randomized controlled trials comparing PDS and NACT. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID 1169057), PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched in October 2025 for phase III randomized clinical trials evaluating cytoreductive strategies in ovarian carcinoma. Only full-text English studies reporting overall survival (OS)… More >

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Chang He^#, An Wang^#, Youbo Wang^#, Qinyun Ma^*, Xiaofeng Chen^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074880
Abstract Objectives: Combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) represents a promising approach for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy. This study aimed to develop arsenic trioxide (ATO) and poly(cyclopentadithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PCPDTBT)-loaded nanoparticles (ATO/PCPDTBT@NPs) to evaluate their synergistic efficacy in inhibiting lung cancer growth and metastasis. Methods: Nanovesicles were synthesized via a streamlined protocol and subjected to 808 nm NIR irradiation to assess their photothermal conversion capabilities. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in vitro using A549 lung carcinoma cells to assess apoptosis, invasion, and migration, and in vivo to monitor tumor volume reduction. Results: The nanoparticles exhibited excellent hemocompatibility and low cytotoxicity while More >

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ARTICLE

Chun-Shiang Lin^1,2,#, Ta-Wen Hsu^3,4,#, Hsiang-Lin Lee^5,6,*, Shao-Hsuan Kao^1,7,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074231
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Signaling Pathway Crosstalk in Malignant Tumors: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics)
Abstract Objectives: Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) has been linked to poor prognosis in colon cancer patients, but the role of CCKAR in colon cancer cell invasiveness and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the effect of CCKAR on the invasive potential of colon cancer cells. Methods: Different human colon cancer cell lines were used. Gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR), while protein expression and phosphorylation were assessed by Western blotting. Cell motility and invasiveness were examined through wound healing and invasion assays,… More >
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Benjamin Heckelmann^#, Jannis Duhn^#, Rüdiger Braun^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075028
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Gastroenteropancreatic Tumors: From Basic Research to Therapeutic Approach)
Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently the third leading cancer-related cause of death worldwide and is forecasted to become the second leading cause in the United States by 2030. Despite the development of multimodal treatment regimens, 5-year overall survival remained as low as 12%. Several efforts have been made to account for different aspects of heterogeneous tumor biology in PDAC, aiming to enable treatment stratification of defined subtypes. Besides targeting specific mutations, the definition of molecular (transcriptional) subtypes has gained substantial interest regarding response prediction and treatment stratification. Despite numerous advances in the field of… More >

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Denisse A. Gutierrez^*, Elisa Robles-Escajeda, Jose A. Lopez-Saenz, Robert A. Kirken, Edgar A. Borrego, Ana P. Betancourt, Soumya Nair, Sourav Roy, Armando Varela-Ramirez, Renato J. Aguilera^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074945
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Discovery of a Potent Antitumor Agent: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential)
Abstract Objectives: Drug resistance is the major determinant of chemotherapy failure, leading to relapse and tumor progression, demonstrating the urgent need for novel antineoplastic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of two novel pyrazole derivatives, P3C.1 and P3C.2, and to elucidate their mechanism of action in cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated across 27 different cancer cell lines via a nuclear staining assay. Subsequent flow cytometric and biochemical analyses were performed to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis induction, mitochondrial integrity, and cell cycle progression. Additional studies included… More >

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Chanwoong Yoon^1,#, Euihyeon Na^2,#, Min Joo Choi¹, Sang-Pil Yoon^1,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074140
Abstract Objective: Increased Src kinase activity is known to correlate with cancer progression and poor prognosis, indicating that Src plays a central role in cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated the effects of saracatinib, a Src kinase inhibitor, under anoikis-resistant conditions in colorectal cancer cells. Methods: Wild-type and 5-fluorouracil-resistance acquired SNU-C5 colorectal cancer cells were cultured in both monolayer and spheroid systems under fetal bovine serum (FBS) or growth factor (GF) supplemented conditions. Cell viability assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, spheroid formation and morphometric analysis, and Western blotting were performed using both… More >

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Farzana Yasmeen^1,#, Abdul Manan^1,#,*, Wook Kim¹, Sangdun Choi^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076072
Abstract Objectives: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is a critical therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to its role in angiogenesis and tumor progression. While several inhibitors are currently used, clinical utility is often limited by resistance and adverse effects, necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize novel, highly effective VEGFR2 inhibitors using an integrated computational pipeline to advance the development of new HCC treatments. Methods: A comprehensive dataset from the ChEMBL database was curated and standardized for Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling.… More >
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Nicola Marrano^1,#, Mariangela Caporusso^2,#, Cosimo Matino^1,#, Irene Caruso^3,#, Carlo Ganini⁴, Mimma Rizzo⁵, Ludovico Di Gioia², Angelo Cignarelli¹, Sebastio Perrini^1,6, Luigi Laviola¹, Camillo Porta⁴, Francesco Giorgino^1,*, Annalisa Natalicchio¹
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074672
Abstract Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a cornerstone of systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), used both in the adjuvant and metastatic settings across various lines of treatment, often in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs). These therapies are associated with endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can be irreversible and life-threatening if not promptly managed. Using data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Reporting System (FAERS), this study aimed to evaluate the real-world occurrence of endocrine irAEs in all approved VEGFR-TKI + ICI combinations for RCC, and… More >

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Yen-Pin Chen^1,2,3, Rathinasamy Baskaran⁴, Hema Sri Devi⁴, Chaouhan Hitesh Singh⁴, Yu-Jung Lin^4,5, Marthandam Asokan Shibu⁶, Wei-Wen Kuo⁷, Shih-Chieh Liao⁸, Ming-Cheng Chen⁹, Tso-Fu Wang¹⁰, Chi-Cheng Li¹¹, Tsung-Jung Ho¹², Tzu-Ching Shih¹³, Shinn-Zong Lin^14,15,16,*, Chih-Yang Huang^4,17,18,19,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073080
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Overcoming Drug Resistance in Cancer: Strategies and Natural Compound-Based Therapeutics)
Abstract Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play a key role in the development of chemoresistance in various cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to study the underlying mechanisms of miRNA in chemotherapy-resistant CRC. Methods: LoVo CRC cell line was exposed to oxaliplatin at an increased dose, and cells were cultured in the presence of oxaliplatin to develop LoVoOXR cells. Microarray and Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and transwell assay were used to evaluate the chemoresistance in LoVo^OXR CRC cells. Results: Microarray and qRT-PCR analysis showed… More >

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Kassiani Lalechou, Despoina Pantazi^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074452
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Cancer Pharmacology)
Abstract Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. While venous thromboembolic events have been extensively studied due to their higher incidence, arterial thrombosis in cancer patients—referred to as cancer-associated arterial thromboembolism (CA-ATE)—is less well understood but may pose a greater danger. The pathophysiology of CA-ATE involves complex interactions between the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells, patient-related factors, and cancer therapies. Some chemotherapeutic agents, particularly platinum-based compounds (cisplatin, oxaliplatin), gemcitabine, taxanes, and targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have been associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombosis. In… More >
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Andrea Dalbeni^1,2, Marco Vicardi^1,2,*, Leonardo A. Natola^1,2, Alessandra Auriemma³, Bernardo Stefanini⁴, Caterina Vivaldi⁵, Piera Federico⁶, Andrea Polloni⁷, Caterina Soldà⁸, Lorenzo Lani⁴, Ingrid Garajová⁹, Stefano Tamberi¹⁰, Stefania De Lorenzo¹¹, Fabio Piscaglia^4,12, Vincenzo Di Maria¹, Gianluca Masi⁵, Sara Lonardi⁸, Giovanni Brandi^4,7, Bruno Daniele⁶, Franco Trevisani^4,13, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni¹⁴, Laura Schiada¹⁴, Fabio Marra¹⁵, Claudia Campani¹⁵, Ciro Celsa¹⁶, Giuseppe Cabibbo¹⁶, Mariangela Bruccoleri¹⁷, Massimo Iavarone^17,18, Leonardo Stella¹⁹, Francesca R. Ponziani¹⁹, Tiziana Pressiani²⁰, Lorenza Rimassa^20,21, Francesco Tovoli Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073063
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics of Liver Cancer)
Abstract Objectives: The combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A+B) represents one of the standards first-line treatments for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metformin has garnered attention for its potential antitumour and immunomodulatory properties beyond glycaemic control. This study aimed to assess metformin’s impact in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving A+B therapy. Methods: This retrospective analysis of a prospectively-maintained multicentre database included 523 patients with HCC treated with A+B from the ARTE (Atezolizumab-bevacizumab Real-life Experience for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma) dataset across 18 Italian centres (May 2020–January 2024). We evaluated objective response rate (ORR), disease… More >

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Yin-Lun Chang^1,2, Hao-Lun Luo¹, Jei-Ming Peng^3,*, Chang-Chun Hsiao^2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.070837
Abstract Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an aggressive malignancy with high recurrence rates. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) predicts a poor prognosis, yet its molecular drivers remain unclear. BOC cell adhesion-associated, oncogene-regulated (BOC, also known as Brother of CDO [Cell adhesion molecule-Related/Down-regulated by Oncogenes]), a hedgehog-related cell surface receptor, may serve as a biomarker for tumor progression and chemotherapy response. The study aimed to investigate the role of BOC in UTUC and its potential to predict LVI and chemotherapy response. Methods: Sequencing (RNA-seq) of 10 stage III UTUC, treatment-naïve, fresh tissue samples identified BOC as a… More >

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Hui Zha^1,#, Chao Li^2,#, Jia Chen³, Hao Bo², Zhaolan Hu⁴, Zailong Qin^5,6,*, Jie Guo^7,8,*, Junbin Yuan^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.067601
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Breast Cancer Biomarkers and Drug Targets Discoveries Towards a More Personalized Treatment Setting)
Abstract Objective: Long non-coding RNAs have been found to play a pivotal role in breast cancer, yet the majority of these lncRNAs remain to be thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to explore the role of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in breast cancer stemness and drug sensitivity. Methods: Database mining was performed to evaluate the expression of LINC00467 in different types of breast cancer and its association with clinical features. The function of LINC00467 was examined through colony formation assays, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), and western blotting following LINC00467 silencing in breast cancer cell lines. Results: LINC00467… More >

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Lu Hao^1,#, Jiao Lu^2,#, Jisu Xue^2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076420
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancing Cellular Therapeutics in Oncology: Innovations, Challenges, and Clinical Translation)
Abstract In vivo Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy reprograms a patient’s own T cells directly inside the body, bypassing the complex and costly traditional manufacturing process. This is achieved by systemically delivering viral or non-viral vectors that genetically modify endogenous T lymphocytes to produce functional CAR-T cells de novo. By eliminating ex vivo cell processing, this strategy can simplify workflows, reduce costs, improve accessibility, and allow faster treatment. Key delivery platforms include engineered lentiviral and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for lasting CAR expression and targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for transient mRNA delivery. Emerging technologies like biomaterial scaffolds and… More >

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Yan Zhu^1,#, Bin Guan^1,#, Wencai Guan¹, Jihong Zhang¹, Shiyu Wang¹, Jimin Shi¹, Wei Fan¹, Qi Lu^2,3, Lingyun Zhang^4,5,*, Guoxiong Xu^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075241
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Advance in Gynecologic Oncology)
Abstract Background: Ovarian cancer poses the greatest threat to survival among gynecologic cancers in women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in oncogenesis. The current study aimed to elucidate the function and regulatory mechanism of lncRNA KRT7-AS in ovarian cancer. Methods: The clinical significance of KRT7-AS was evaluated through bioinformatics analysis of data from public repositories. KRT7-AS expression was examined by RT-qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The function analyses were conducted using assays for cell proliferation, migration, invasion, wound healing, and colony formation. Assessment of cell cycle and apoptosis was performed using flow… More >

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Luigi Coltelli^1,2,#, Paola Orlandi^3,#, Chiara Finale^1,4,#, Gianna Musettini^1,4,#, Luna Chiara Masini^1,4, Marco Scalese⁵, Giulia Soria^1,4, Elena Sartori^1,4, Ylenia Nodari^1,4, Giada Arrighi^1,2, Arianna Bandini³, Marta Banchi³, Costanza Tacchi³, Donghao Tang³, Barbara Salvadori⁶, Lucia Tanganelli^1,7, Simona Giovannelli^1,8, Mirco Pistelli⁹, Samanta Cupini^1,4, Maurizio Lucchesi^1,10, Alessandro Cosimi¹¹, Giulia Lorenzini^1,7, Elisa Biasco^1,4, Chiara Caparello^1,4, Giulia Acconci^1,4,6, Eloise Fontana^1,4, Eleonora Bona^1,4, Azzurra Farnesi^1,4, Antonio Pellino^1,4, Andrea Marini^1,4, Ermelinda De Maio^1,4, Irene Stasi^1,4, Cecilia Barbara^1,4, En
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073799
Abstract Background: The treatment of advanced hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer has seen relevant changes in last years. However, bevacizumab remains an option when combined with paclitaxel, but no certified pharmacogenetic profiles are now usable for the prediction of its response in breast cancer patients. This study aimed to explore the pharmacogenetic interactions among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in the angiogenic process and their impact on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer subjects administered with bevacizumab plus paclitaxel, or with paclitaxel alone (clinicaltrial.gov… More >

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Shuo Wang, Miao Wang, Wei Yao^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073554
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancing Cellular Therapeutics in Oncology: Innovations, Challenges, and Clinical Translation)
Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), dense stromal architecture, and limited response to conventional therapies. This review comprehensively examines the emerging role of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered immune cells, including chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T), CAR-macrophages (CAR-M), and CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) cells, as innovative immunotherapeutic strategies for PDAC. We delve into the mechanistic foundations of these platforms, highlighting their unique abilities to target tumor-associated antigens, overcome stromal barriers, and remodel the immunosuppressive TME. Recent preclinical and clinical advances demonstrate promising antitumor activity, particularly More >

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CASE REPORT

Antonio Ruggiero^1,2,*, Fernando Fuccillo¹, Valerio Di Paola³, Alberto Romano¹, Palma Maurizi^1,2, Dario Talloa¹, Nazario Foschi⁴, Pierluigi Russo⁴, Marco Racioppi⁴, Stefano Mastrangelo^1,2, Giorgio Attinà¹
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.072807
Abstract Background: The management of renal neoplasms in adolescent patients poses unique clinical challenges due to their transitional position between paediatric and adult populations. This age group exhibits marked heterogeneity in tumour histology, ranging from entities commonly observed in paediatric oncology to tumours typical of adult age, as well as rare histological subtypes that exceptionally affect the kidney. Given the substantial differences in clinical protocols between paediatric and adult populations, rigorous multidisciplinary evaluation is essential to determine optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for adolescent patients. Case Description: We present four cases from our tertiary referral centre that… More >

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Roberta Giorgione^1,#, Daniela Grasso^2,#, Elisabetta Gambale¹, Federico Scolari³, Virginia Rossi¹, Fabrizio Di Maida⁴, Marinella Micol Mela¹, Barbara Marzocchi², Laura Doni¹, Adriano Pasqui¹, Andrea Minervini⁴, Enrico Caliman¹, Sergio Serni^4,5,6, Andrea Bernini², Serena Pillozzi³, Lorenzo Antonuzzo^1,5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.068896
Abstract Objectives: To date, predictive and prognostic biomarkers for Bladder Cancer (BC) remain lacking. Existing literature underscores the potential of metabolomics as a valuable tool for biomarker identification. The primary objective of this study is to characterize the serum metabolic profile of BC patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy (Pt-CT) to identify potential biomarkers. Methods: In this pilot study, we investigated the metabolomic profiles of 14 BC patients undergoing Pt-CT in different settings. We compared their baseline profiles with those of healthy controls and tracked key metabolites throughout chemotherapy cycles. Metabolomics profiling was conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance… More >

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Francisco Raúl Borzone^1,2,*, María Belén Giorello¹, Agustina Freire³, Leandro Marcelo Martinez⁴, Leonardo Feldman⁵, Federico Dimase⁶, Pablo Evelson³, Irene Larripa⁷, Emilio Batagelj⁸, Marcela Beatriz González Cid⁹, Norma Alejandra Chasseing^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074321
Abstract Backgrounds: Breast cancer metastasis remains the leading cause of mortality and frequently targets the bone. Breast cancer cells release soluble factors and extracellular vesicles that disrupt bone marrow (BM)/bone homeostasis, promoting osteoclastogenesis and the accumulation of senescent cells. In line with updated cancer hallmarks, senescent mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, and osteocytes contribute to remodeling of the BM microenvironment, thereby favoring pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation and subsequent bone metastasis. We previously demonstrated that untreated stage III-B breast cancer patients (BCPs) exhibit increased oxidative stress and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, accompanied by senescent… More >
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Awatif Rashed Z. Almotairy^1,2, Eman Fayad³, Fatimah Hadadi⁴, Ahmad F. Alhomodi⁵, Dalal Nasser Binjawhar⁶, Hanadi A. Katouah⁷, Bassma H. Elwakil^8,*, Keshav Raj Paudel^9,10,*, Mostafa El-Khatib¹¹
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070645
Abstract Objectives: Prostate cancer cells often develop mechanisms to evade conventional therapies. Nanomedicine offers the potential for targeted drug delivery, improved tumor accumulation, and reduced systemic toxicity. This study biosynthesizes silver nanoparticles (NPP/AgONPs) functionalized with propolis, evaluates their antibacterial efficacy against uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli), and assesses their cytotoxic effect on cancer cell proliferation using the PC-3, human prostate epithelial cell line. Methods: The synthesized NPP/AgONPs physiochemical parameters were characterized, followed by in vitro assays to evaluate their antibacterial activity against multiple uropathogenic E. coli strains; determining the cytotoxicity against HPrEC and PC-3 cells by measuring cytotoxicity (CC₅₀)… More >

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Abdul Manan^1,2, Sidra Ilyas^2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074185
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics of Liver Cancer)
Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global health challenge, with therapeutic efficacy in advanced stages often limited by underlying liver dysfunction and adaptive resistance. In this review, the evolving landscape of molecular targets and combinatorial strategies is critically examined, with a particular focus on the transition from preclinical discovery to clinical application. While traditional molecular heterogeneity is acknowledged, the aim is to elucidate how emerging computational paradigms are redefining target discovery and therapeutic stratification in HCC. The primary purpose is to evaluate the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) as integrative tools… More >
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Yingzheng Tan^1,#, Jiao Xiao^2,#, Liyun Tang^3,4,#, Jian Wan^3,#, Tian Zeng³, Wenchao Zhou³, Xueru Liu³, Xun Chen^3,5,*, Yukun Li^3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.071536
Abstract Background: Lactate, as a critical byproduct of tumor metabolic reprogramming, plays an important role in DNA damage repair and tumor immune infiltration. This work aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which lactate promotes tumor DNA damage repair (DDR) and subsequent immune evasion. Methods: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and ovarian cancer (OC) cells with cisplatin-induced DNA damage were treated with lactate at a concentration gradient, Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) shRNA, ESM1 overexpression plasmid, or the Protein Kinase B (AKT) Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (Akt1) inhibitor LY294002. Proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage levels were… More >

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CASE REPORT

Daniel Burg¹, Aryeh Babkoff¹, Omer Or², Noam Olshinka², Jonathan Abraham Demma³, Mohamad Adila^1,3, Marc Wygoda⁴, Philip Blumenfeld⁴, Judith Diment⁵, Masha Galiner⁶, Yusef Azraq⁶, Daniela Katz^1,7, Petachia Reissman⁸, Sadie Ostrowicki⁹, Gabriella Sebbag¹⁰, Narmine Elkhateeb^1,11, Anat Hershko Moshe^1,11, Dania Jaber^1,11, Adi Hollander^1,11, Limor Rubin^1,11, Aviad Zick^1,12,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.070233
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Combined Therapy for Soft Tissue Sarcomas)
Abstract Background: —Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. Treatment of synovial sarcoma includes surgery, radiation, pazopanib, and chemotherapy. Targeted therapies, such as B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) inhibitors, are emerging as a potential treatment option. We describe the sixth case of a BRAF^V600E synovial sarcoma, the first extra-thoracic case. This case is the first to show a complete pathological response to BRAF & mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. Case description: —We treated a 22-year-old male with a left groin BRAF^V600E synovial sarcoma with doxorubicin, Ifosphamide & Sodium 2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate. When we identified BRAF^V600E in the tumor,… More >

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REVIEW

Adam Khorasanchi, Merve Hasanov, Richard Wu, Hisham Alsharif, Kari Kendra, Claire Verschraegen^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.069012
Abstract Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer and typically involves the head and neck. Systemic therapy is often required for patients with advanced CSCC to achieve optimal disease control. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now the standard of care for these patients, with a 50%–60% response rate and sustainable remission for at least 30% of patients. Given the activity of ICIs in advanced head and neck CSCC, ICIs are being studied in early-stage disease or neoadjuvant situations. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of More >

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Yiran Dong¹, Jingyue Wang¹, Jiayang Chen², Liang Mo², Yong You^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075191
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of potential targets and biomarkers for cancers and the exploration of novel molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis)
Abstract Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most prevalent histological subtype of lung cancer, remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality due to late diagnosis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of Kinetochore Scaffold 1 (KNL1) in promoting LUAD progression and its underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. Methods: KNL1 mRNA expression levels across 33 cancer types were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis based on the TCGA database. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess KNL1 expression in LUAD and normal tissues. Stable KNL1-knockdown and KNL1-overexpressing LUAD cell lines were established using lentiviral… More >

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Yingying Zhao^1,2, Jiakang Ma^1,3, Rujin Huang^1,2, Shuxian Pan^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.070208
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning for Disease Subtyping, from Molecular to Clinical Features)
Abstract Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play critical roles in tumor progression and immunosuppression; however, their contribution to the functional classification and personalized treatment of gastric cancer remains poorly defined. This study aimed to identify effective therapeutic targets to facilitate individualized treatment strategies for patients with gastric cancer. Methods: Single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses were integrated to characterize gastric cancer fibroblasts. “Seurat”, “Slingshot”, and “CellChat” were used for dimensionality reduction, trajectory inference, and cell–cell communication analyses, respectively. Key metastasis-associated fibroblast modules were identified using High-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA) to construct a prognostic model, which was further… More >
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Aktham Mestareehi^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073745
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Liver Cancer: Novel Therapeutics and Biomarkers for HCC and CCA)
Abstract Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely due to late diagnosis, molecular heterogeneity, and limited prognostic biomarkers. Aberrant protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in cancer progression by regulating DNA damage response, cell cycle control, and signaling pathways; however, the prognostic relevance of phosphorylation events in key DNA topology–related proteins remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of phosphorylation of TOP1, TOP2A, TOP2B, and C1orf35 in HCC and to characterize their associated molecular features to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Methods: Publicly available HCC… More >
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Shanbao Ke, Junya Yan, Xiao Feng, Baiyu Li^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.071617
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning for Disease Subtyping, from Molecular to Clinical Features)
Abstract Objectives: Tumor recurrence is a major determinant of poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet its cellular and molecular basis remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify recurrence-associated genes at single-cell resolution and to develop a prognostic model for predicting survival outcomes and immunotherapy responsiveness in HCC. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data from 12 primary and 6 recurrent HCC samples were integrated and analyzed to identify genes characteristic of recurrence. After quality control, principal component analysis, and t-SNE-based clustering were used to identify highly variable genes for cell clustering and annotation. Based on macrophage… More >

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REVIEW

Ye Ri Han^1,*, Sang Bong Lee^2,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075923
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Radiopharmaceuticals deliver diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides to disease sites with molecular precision. Over the past five years, clinical adoption has accelerated, led by U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-TATE and ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 and their complementary Positron Emission Tomography agents (⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-TATE, ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11), which have established radiotheranostics as a pillar of oncology care. The new generation of agents couples optimized radionuclides (β⁻, α, and Auger emitters) to antibodies, peptides, and small-molecule vectors that improve tumor uptake, residence time, and clearance profiles, thereby enhancing efficacy and safety. Beyond neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer, radiotheranostic strategies are advancing for diverse malignancies… More >

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Maureen Veilleux^1,2,#, Anh Nguyen^3,#, Charles Cao^4,#, Yihui Shi^2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.072194
Abstract ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) regulate key processes in cancer, including DNA repair, transcription, immune responses, and treatment resistance. The clostridial toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTC) family and the diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD) family play a crucial role in genomic stability by modification of proteins either with mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation) or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). These ARTs are promising therapeutic targets and could serve as biomarkers in cancer management. This review explores the roles of these enzymes and current knowledge on specific inhibitors. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies published between 1992 and 2025 on ADP-ribosyltransferases… More >

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Francesco Chiari^1,*, Giovanni Motta², Daria Maria Filippini³, Claudio Donadio Caporale¹, Pierre Guarino¹
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073086
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Challenges and Controversies in Laryngeal Cancer)
Abstract Objective: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the larynx is an extremely rare malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of primary laryngeal tumors. The optimal role of adjuvant therapy, particularly radiotherapy (RT), remains unclear due to limited evidence. This systematic review aimed to evaluate oncologic outcomes and the impact of adjuvant treatment in patients with early- and advanced-stage laryngeal MEC. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines in PubMed/Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane for studies published up to 31 July 2025. Results: Twenty-two studies, encompassing 55 patients, were included. Early-stage (T1–T2) patients (n =… More >

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So-Ye Jeon^1,#, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta^1,#, Hong Kyu Lee², Kyung-Chul Choi^1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.071328
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Breast Cancer Biomarkers and Drug Targets Discoveries Towards a More Personalized Treatment Setting)
Abstract Objectives: Progesterone (P4) is believed to inhibit breast cancer growth, but its role in counteracting estrogen (E2)-driven progression remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of P4 on E2-induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in Estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+ breast cancer cells by examining its regulatory role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods: ER and PR-positive MCF-7 clonal variant (MCF-7 CV) breast cancer cells were treated with E2 and co-treated with various concentrations of P4. The effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed. The expression of key EMT markers… More >

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Mohsina Patwekar^1,2, Faheem Patwekar³, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari^1,4,*, Muhammad Rajaei Ahmad Mohd Zain^5,*, Arifullah Mohammed⁶, Rohit Sharma^7,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073601
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: The Evolving Landscape of Cancer Treatment: Molecular Insights and Immunotherapeutic Breakthroughs)
Abstract Breast cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality for women globally; therefore, further breakthroughs in treatment approaches are crucial. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are among the Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors that have become an innovative family of targeted therapy for hormone receptor-positive, Human Epidermal Growth factor receptor 2 (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer. These inhibitors work by preventing the action of CDK4/6, which are crucial in the regulation of the cell cycle. Leading cancer cells to cell cycle arrest and undergo apoptosis. When these inhibitors are used with endocrine medicines like letrozole and… More >
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Ya-Ling Yang^1,#, Ying-Hsien Huang^2,#, Hung-Yu Lin^3,4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075284
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents with poor treatment outcomes, creating an urgent need for novel biomarkers to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and precision medicine. While the MYB family of oncogenes is implicated in cancer, the role and regulatory mechanisms of its member, particularly MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2), remain underexplored in HCC. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically validate the clinical significance of MYBL2, elucidate its functional role in tumor progression and drug sensitivity, and identify its upstream regulatory mechanisms using an integrative machine learning and experimental framework. Methods: We applied an integrative pipeline combining LASSO-based… More >
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Jiaxi Li^#, Deepak Iyer^#, Siming Sui, Zheng Huang, Ryan Wai-Yan Sin, Abraham Tak-Ka Man, Wai-Lun Law, Chi-Chung Foo^*, Lui Ng^*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074981
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Objectives: Piwi-associated RNAs are small non-coding RNAs implicated in cancer, yet few have been characterized in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify a CRC-related piRNA and investigate its clinical relevance, biological function, and biomarker potential. Methods: Candidates were identified by reanalysis of small-RNA sequencing. piR-37524 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in colorectal cancer tissues, matched adjacent non-tumor tissues, colorectal adenomas, liver metastases, and serum samples from patients and healthy controls. Clinicopathological correlations and diagnostic performance were evaluated. Functional assays included 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation, colony formation, and wound-healing migration… More >

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Munro Matthew James^1,*, López Vásquez Clara Elena^1,2, Wickremesekera Agadha³, Chan Alex Ho Chuen¹, Gray Clint Lee^1,4,5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074958
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Drug Targets in Oncology: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Innovations)
Abstract Objective: Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumour. Invasion into the brain is a diagnostic feature of grade II meningiomas and is associated with recurrence and poor prognosis. Mebendazole is a microtubule inhibitor typically prescribed as an anthelmintic. However, it has the potential to be repurposed for cancer treatment. Here, we aimed to assess the ability of mebendazole to inhibit meningioma cell invasion. Methods: Primary patient-derived meningioma cell lines were cultured as 3D spheroids and embedded in an extracellular matrix-like matrix as an in vitro model of invasion. Mebendazole-treated and untreated control spheroids were analysed… More >

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Crystal J. Byrd¹, Monasia Evans¹, Woojung Kim², Quintera Knight³, Geou-Yarh Liou^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073532
Abstract Objective: The progression of prostate cancer cells to metastasis is supported by their tumor microenvironment. Within this microenvironment, infiltrating immune cells, such as B cells, can be either anti-tumorigenic or pro-tumorigenic. Our preliminary data showed that a higher density of the infiltrating B cells was found near prostate cancer cells in human cancer tissues, as compared to the benign prostate tissue regions, thus suggesting that infiltrating B cells would promote the progression of prostate cancer cells. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of infiltrating B cells in enhancing the migratory ability of… More >

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Paolo Maione^1,*, Valentina Palma^1,2, Cesare Gridelli¹
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.072992
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract After about 20 years of exciting improvements in treatment efficacy outcomes of advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), also combined with a progressively better safety profile, from chemotherapy to new generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (osimertinib, alectinib, brigatinib), the recent MARIPOSA and CROWN trials have changed this trend. For the first time in the history of EGFR and ALK treatments, we must face the issue of being a step behind in terms of toxicity profile. The combination of amivantamab plus lazertinib in EGFR mutant NSCLC, and… More >

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Masanobu Tsubaki^*, Taira Matsuo, Rie Komori
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.075217
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular Targeting Therapy for Anticancer Treatment)
Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic malignancy originating from hematopoietic stem cells. It is characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome, which arises from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The breakpoint cluster region::Abelson murine leukemia 1 (BCR::ABL1) fusion protein produced from this chromosome is the main factor responsible for disease onset. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have led to significant advances in CML treatment and contributed to improved patient survival rates. Nonetheless, a substantial number of patients develop resistance to TKIs, which remains a major challenge in CML therapy. Currently, two mechanisms are considered More >

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Eshita Dhar^1,2, Muhammad Ashad Kabir³, Divyabharathy Ramesh Nadar⁴, Li-Jen Kuo⁵, Jitendra Jonnagaddala^6,7, Yaoru Huang¹, Mohy Uddin^8,*, Shabbir Syed-Abdul^1,2,9,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074385
Abstract Objectives: Decisions regarding CT after nCCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) are challenging due to limited evidence guiding treatment. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning (ML) models in patients treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (nCCRT) alone vs. those receiving nCCRT plus chemotherapy (CT), (ii) identify features associated with treatment improvement, and (iii) derive ML-based thresholds for treatment response. Methods: This retrospective study included 409 patients with LARC treated at three affiliated hospitals of Taipei Medical University. Patients were categorised into two groups: nCCRT alone followed by surgery (n =… More >

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Sophiette G. Hong^1,2, George F. Murphy², Christine G. Lian^2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073894
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Skin Cancer Management: From Molecular Targets to Innovative Treatments)
Abstract Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive skin cancer known for its rapid progression, potential for metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, the prognosis for metastatic melanoma remains unfavorable. Recent research has shed light on the significance of epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of melanoma, revealing critical mechanisms of melanoma development and progression. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA and RNA modifications, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation, disrupt normal gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence, leading to cellular transformation, invasion, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. The reversible… More >

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Vincenzo Montanarella¹, Marcelo Guerrero^2,3, David Filho^2,3, Júlia German-Cortés¹, Giacomoluciano Vitelli¹, Magalí Sureda¹, Carlos Pavón Regaña¹, Roser Ferrer^1,4, Simó Schwartz^1,4, Esteban Durán-Lara^2,3, Fernanda Andrade^1,5,*, Diana Rafael^1,6,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074061
Abstract Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine, localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited. Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals, immunotherapy, or gene therapy have revolutionized oncology. Yet, their systemic administration is often associated with limitations such as poor site-specific accumulation, instability, and systemic toxicity. Hydrogels/macrogels offer the ability to encapsulate, protect, and release biomolecules in situ with sustained and stimulus-responsive profiles, addressing key translational gaps. This review provides a focused synthesis of the last five years of hydrogel-based research for cancer therapy, with emphasis on peptides, antibodies, immunotherapeutic agents, and gene delivery systems. We discuss design principles,… More >
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Zheng Qin^1,2,#, Yueyao Zhang^3,#, Dongze Liu^4,#, Xiaokang Zheng⁵, Kaibin Wang^1,2, Xiao Zhu^1,2, Yuanhao Zhang^1,2, Kexin Xu^1,2, Changying Li^1,2, Lijuan Kang^1,2, Lili Wang^1,2, Haitao Wang^1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073455
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies in Solid Tumor Diagnosis, Progression, and Prognosis (Ⅱ))
Abstract Objective: Prostate cancer is the second most common fatal cancer in men. Identifying new biological therapeutic targets is crucial to effectively improve the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Ovarian tumor family deubiquitinase 4 (OTUD4) is a member of the ovarian tumor-associated protease domain (OTUDs) family. Although previous studies have shown that the expression and function of OTUD4 vary across different tumors, its role in prostate cancer remains unknown. The aim of this study is to explore new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for prostate cancer and investigate their mechanisms of action. Methods: Cell culture, Cell… More >

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Shuwen Sun^1,2,3,4,#, Jingcheng Zhang^1,2,3,#, Zongtai Zheng^5,#, Yajuan Hao^1,3, Tianyuan Xu^1,2,3, Ji Liu^1,3, Liang Sun², Aimin Wang², Yadong Guo^1,3, Shiyu Mao^1,3, Xu Zhang⁶, Yunfei Xu^1,3,*, Yifan Chen^1,2,3,*, Yang Yan^1,2,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072373
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Objectives: Bladder cancer (BCa) progression is closely linked to the immune microenvironment. However, the key molecules that regulate this microenvironment and their specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify a key molecule and elucidate its mechanisms, providing a theoretical basis for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Methods: Immune microenvironment-related genes in BCa were identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital datasets. Proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 2 (PSMD2) expression was validated via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot (WB) analysis, and immunofluorescence (IF). In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the… More >
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Candela Cives-Losada^1,2, Cristiana Soldani², Michela Anna Polidoro², Barbara Franceschini², Ana Lleo^3,4, Marcello Di Martino^1,5, Matteo Donadon^1,5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.074093
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer worldwide, being the presence of metastasis, mainly in the liver, a major contributor to high mortality rates in affected patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME)—comprised of interacting endothelial, stromal, and immune cells—plays a critical role in creating a supportive niche for tumor cell colonization and immune evasion and, thus, the establishment of metastases. The liver’s intrinsic nature further facilitates the development of immune tolerance, mediated by regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and soluble factors such as anti-inflammatory cytokines, which together dampen antitumor immune responses. This immunosuppressive milieu More >
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Donatella Coradduzza^1,#, Anna La Salvia^2,#, Giuseppe Fanciulli³, Maria Rosaria De Miglio^3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073045
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Background: An increasing number of studies have shown that ferroptosis is related to the initiation and development of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The systematic review aimed to summarize the characteristics of ferroptosis from its pathogenetic role to translational therapeutic implications in SCLC. Methods: This systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251090058), followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive research of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed for studies published between January 2010 and July 2025 investigating ferroptosis mechanisms, genetic or pharmacological modulation, or molecular profiling in SCLC. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality… More >

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Saad Alobid^1,#, Hussam Albassam^1,#, Tebyan O. Mirgany², Faris Almutairi¹, Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi¹, Ahmed H. Bakheit², Hanadi H. Asiri², Eram Eltahir³, Gamaleldin I. Harisa^3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073371
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Pharmacological Bases of Anticancer Drug Therapies in Precision Oncology)
Abstract Objective: Glioblastoma (GB) therapy is challenged by tumor heterogeneity and multidrug resistance (MDR), highlighting the need for effective therapies. This study aimed to explore the combined anticancer effects of Sunitinib (SNB) and Fenofibrate (FEN) on U87 cells. Methods: U87 cells were exposed to SNB, FEN, or their combination for 24 h, followed by evaluations of cell viability, migration, and clonogenic survival using MTT, scratch, and colony formation assays. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified via the 2^′, 7^′-dichlorofluorescein assay, while mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using JC-1 red/green fluorescence. Molecular docking was performed to… More >
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