Open Access
ARTICLE
Haijun Sun1,#, Wenyue Yan2,#, Zhanyu Li3,#, Qintian Li4, Qilong Du4, Li Xu5, Wanwei Cao3, Junrong Yang6, Xilan Yang2, Jun Chen7,*, Yuan Mao4,8,*, Wen Huang4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.080413
Abstract Background: The melanoma-associated antigen-A1 (MAGE-A1) demonstrates tumor-restricted expression patterns in diverse malignancies, positioning it as an attractive therapeutic target. This investigation aimed to engineer and validate a novel antibody-drug conjugate with oxaliplatin targeting MAGE-Al (MIg-OXA), a novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting MAGE-A1, while assessing its therapeutic potential against MAGE-A1-expressing lung adenocarcinoma through both cellular and animal models. Methods: We generated a MAGE-A1-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (MIgG) and subsequently conjugated it with oxaliplatin (OXA) to produce MIgG-OXA. The conjugate’s binding specificity and cellular uptake were verified through cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometric analysis, and immunofluorescence… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Wei Lee1, Hung-Yu Lin1,2,*, Pei-Yi Chu1,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078813
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Background: Guanylate kinase 1 (GUK1) is crucial for nucleotide metabolism, yet its impact on breast cancer (BC) progression remains poorly defined. The objective of the present study is to investigate GUK1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Methods: We employed a multi-omics approach integrating The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, machine learning algorithm, High-Definition spatial transcriptomics (Visium HD), single-cell profiling, molecular docking and experimental validation including in vitro knockdown models and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). Results: LASSO regression identified GUK1 as a key metabolic driver. High expression correlated significantly with poor survival and was most pronounced in… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Lorenzo Spirito1, Cristina Quintavalle2, Paola Coppola1, Matteo Esposito3, Francesco Esposito2,3, Gabriella De Vita3, Pierlorenzo Pallante2,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078045
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovations in Genitourinary Oncology: Integrating Tumor Immunology and Precision Medicine)
Abstract Because of its limited treatment choices and high recurrence rates, bladder cancer (BCa) presents a significant clinical issue. As a result, current research is concentrated on creating novel approaches for early diagnosis and more specialized treatments. Nanorobots hold significant potential as precise medicine-delivery systems and as in situ diagnostic vectors within this dynamic environment. Personalized treatments are becoming increasingly feasible thanks to new insights into the molecular pathways driving tumor growth, revealed through studies on exosomes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), however, their true potential lies in integrating these findings. This review analyzes the role of nanorobots,… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Agata Kosmaczewska*, Lidia Ciszak
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.081365
Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a biologically heterogeneous B cell malignancy in which non-malignant T lymphocytes constitute a critical component of the tumor microenvironment and significantly influence disease evolution and the therapeutic response. Growing evidence suggests that CLL-associated T cells not only participate in the antitumor response but also activate signals that promote the development of CLL subclones. Although novel targeted therapies, such as Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, BTK degraders, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitors, T cell engagers, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive T cell therapy have different mechanisms of action, they affect the More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Lisa J. Frey1,*, Nina Lache1, Nikita D. Fischer1, Niklas Rölz1, Lisa Frey1, Maximilian Haack1, Gregor Duwe1, Stefan Porubsky2, Axel Haferkamp1, Daniel-C. Wagner2,3, Maximilian P. Brandt1
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078954
Abstract Objectives: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is an aggressive histologic subtype with distinct clinical behavior and limited treatment options after platinum-based chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate potential therapeutic targets in bladder SCC. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 790 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer between 2011 and 2021 was screened to identify cases with histologically confirmed SCC. All SCC cases in the pathology department from 2003 to 2011 were also reviewed. Clinical and pathological data from 54 patients were analyzed. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yasmine Labiad1, Céline Baier1, Michèle Genin2, Caroline Besson3,4, Sophie Prevot5, Hubert Lepidi6, Régis Costello1,7,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076241
Abstract Objectives: Transcriptomic profiling has enabled the classification of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) into distinct subtypes, such as Germinal Center B-cell-like (GCB) and Activated B-cell-like (ABC), primarily in HIV-negative patients. However, HIV-associated DLBCL may follow different molecular mechanisms due to immune dysregulation. This study aimed to characterize the transcriptomic landscape of HIV-related DLBCL to identify distinct subtypes and deregulated pathways with potential theranostic implications. Methods: Twelve formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded DLBCL samples from HIV-positive patients were analyzed using Agilent’s microarray. Quantile normalization and unsupervised hierarchical clustering were performed to classify tumors based on gene expression profiles. Results: Two distinct More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Mao-Lin Chen1, I-Che Chung1, Kevin Chih-Yang Huang2,3,4,5, K. S. Clifford Chao6,7,8, Ta-Tung Yuan1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077930
Abstract Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an immunosuppressive and metabolically rewired tumor microenvironment (TME). Although α-enolase (ENO1) is frequently overexpressed in PDAC and associated with poor prognosis, its functional role in TME remodeling remains unclear. This study investigated the role of ENO1 in plasmin-dependent transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) activation and metabolic adaptation in PDAC and evaluated the therapeutic potential of HuL001, a first-in-class humanized anti-ENO1 monoclonal antibody. Methods: ENO1 expression and clinical relevance were evaluated in PDAC tissues by immunohistochemistry. Mechanistic studies were performed using PDAC-monocyte co-culture systems, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Allinson Olaechea1,2, Cristina Camacho Rubio2, Sara Gómez-Melero3,4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079865
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Deciphering Mechanisms of Cancer Therapy Resistance: In Vitro Models to Study Drug Resistance and Radiation-Drug Responses in Cancer and Normal Cells)
Abstract Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immunophenotyping has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach to characterize systemic immune alterations in cancer and to identify biomarkers associated with treatment response and resistance. However, current evidence remains fragmented and predominantly descriptive, with substantial heterogeneity in study design, immunophenotyping methodologies, and patient populations, limiting the identification of robust and clinically translatable immune signatures. In this review, we aim to comprehensively analyze PBMC immune phenotypes across multiple cancer types, with particular emphasis on their association with disease progression, therapeutic outcomes, and the key methodological and translational challenges that currently limit… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zoe Bell1, Corey D. Chan1,2, Rachel Howarth3, Andrea Atkinson1, Zakareya Gamie1,4, Daniel Frankel5, Oana Bretcanu5, Kenneth S. Rankin1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075617
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Objectives: Chondrosarcoma is the most common type of primary bone sarcoma in adults with a high risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Chondrosarcomas are largely resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, meaning that surgery is the mainstay of treatment for most patients. Therefore, new therapeutic targets are required. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a transmembrane protein that has roles in cell proliferation, adhesion and migration and is shown to be overexpressed in several cancer types. Consequently, this work was undertaken to understand whether CD44 could be a potential therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma. Methods: In this study,… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Bin Lan1, Jie Tan1, Qing Wang1, Siyuan Zeng2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.081711
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment)
Abstract Backgrounds: Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) plays key roles in transcription and cell cycle regulation, and its inhibition has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The primary research objective of this study is to identify and validate CDK7-associated prognostic genes in HCC using bioinformatics approaches, construct a reliable prognostic risk model, and explore the functional role of CDK7 in HCC progression through in vitro and in vivo experiments, with a specific focus on its association with RelA/p65 phosphorylation, so as to provide evidence supporting CDK7 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Carlo Signorelli1,*, Michele Basso2, Annunziato Anghelone2, Maria Alessandra Calegari2, Alessandro Passardi3, Chiara Gallio3, Alessandro Bittoni3, Jessica Lucchetti4, Lorenzo Angotti4, Emanuela Di Giacomo4, Ina Valeria Zurlo5, Cristina Morelli6, Emanuela Dell’Aquila7, Adele Artemi7, Donatello Gemma8, Domenico Cristiano Corsi9, Alessandra Emiliani9, Marta Ribelli9, Federica Mazzuca10, Giulia Arrivi10, Federica Zoratto11, Maria Grazia Morandi12, Fiorenza Santamaria13,14, Manuela Dettori15, Antonella Cosimati16, Rosa Saltarelli17, Alessandro Minelli18, Emanuela Lucci-Cordisco19, Mario Giovanni Chilelli1
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.080964
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Precision Beyond Progression: Real-World Evidence and Dynamic Prognostic Markers in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer)
Abstract Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (T) is a standard treatment for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In randomized trials, treatment-emergent neutropenia has been associated with improved outcomes, suggesting a potential link with drug activity. However, evidence from routine clinical practice remains limited. This sub-analysis of the multicenter ReTrITA study evaluated the association between severe neutropenia and clinical outcomes in a real-world setting. Methods: Patients with refractory mCRC treated with T within the ReTrITA cohort were included. Patients were stratified according to the occurrence of grade 3–4 neutropenia. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yiming Ma1,2,#, Zhihan Zhang1,2,#, Hongli Pan3, Hailin Jiang1,2, Lili Guo4,*, Fengjie Guo1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079515
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Selected Papers from 2026 International Conference on New Models for Cancer Prevention and Treatment (NMCPT 2026))
Abstract Objectives: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has a poor prognosis, and effective metabolic biomarkers are still few. Glutamine metabolism is one of the central features of tumor metabolic reprogramming, but the cellular heterogeneity and clinical significance of glutamine metabolism in the LUAD tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unknown. The goal of this paper was to define glutamine metabolism on a single-cell basis and determine major regulators that have predictive value. Methods: A single-cell RNA sequencing dataset (GSE149655) was combined with The Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets in order to evaluate the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Gabriela R. Barbosa1,2, Luciana S. B. Dal Col3,4, Caroline C. Bighetto1, Maria Carolina X. de Godoy1, Marina D. B. P. Campioni4, Marcus V. Sadi2,3, Alessandra Gambero1,2, Leonardo O. Reis1,2,4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075738
Abstract Backgrounds: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the most effective adjuvant therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, the immunological underpinnings of its efficacy remain incompletely understood. This study aims to elucidate the dual immunomodulatory roles of BCG by integrating systemic and tumor-intrinsic analyses, through determining the systemic effects of BCG instillation on immune checkpoint expression and direct inflammatory response in a previously established in vitro tumor model. Methods: We investigated systemic and tumor-intrinsic immune responses to BCG. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate immune checkpoint expression on circulating lymphocyte subsets in NMIBC patients (n = 7) at various… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jia Liu1,2,#, Binqian Wang1,#, Yannan Jin1, Wenquan Chen1, Ruohan Shi1, Weijia Wang1, Xiaojing Zhang1, Yi Tan3, Zhongran Man3, Bo Hu1, Lisen Zhu1, Biao Zhang3,*, Chongchan Bao4,5,*, Gongsheng Jin1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079137
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Next-Generation Oncology: Unearthing and Validating Novel Therapeutic Targets)
Abstract Backgrounds: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with a unique tumor microenvironment, and while Programmed cell death protein 1/Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade represents a standard immunotherapy, most patients develop primary or acquired resistance, with few alternative immunotherapeutic targets currently available. Therefore, we aimed to identify potential immune checkpoint-related molecules involved in TNBC-macrophage crosstalk, clarify the underlying molecular mechanism mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), and provide a theoretical basis for the future development of novel immunotherapeutic targets against TNBC. Methods: Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets for various breast cancer… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yang Wang1,2, Ying Xie1, Yiyi Ye1, Youyang Shi1, Feifei Li1, Mengdie Zhu1, Ciyi Hua1, Yuan Xu1, Rui Yang1,3,*, Sheng Liu1,4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078051
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Breast Cancer Biomarkers and Drug Targets Discoveries Towards a More Personalized Treatment Setting)
Abstract Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast malignancy characterized by poor clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic options. The identification of reliable biomarkers for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic response remains an urgent clinical need. This study aimed to develop an integrative lactylation-related gene signature to simultaneously evaluate prognostic trajectories and immunotherapeutic sensitivity in TNBC. Methods Transcriptomic and clinical data from public TNBC cohorts were systematically analyzed. Lactylation-related gene signatures were used to stratify patients via consensus clustering. A scoring model was constructed based on differentially expressed genes between clusters, and its associations with… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Alejandro Valdés1,2, Jaime González-Montero1,3, Carlos Rojas1,3, Mauricio Burotto1,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077711
Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKIs) have transformed the treatment landscape of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Current guidelines favour ICI plus VEGF-TKI (IO+TKI) combinations for favourable-risk disease (International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium [IMDC] score 0) based on improved objective response rates and progression-free survival. However, no IO+TKI combination has demonstrated a statistically significant overall survival (OS) benefit in this subgroup. A pooled analysis of four pivotal phase III trials (n = 839 favourable-risk patients) revealed no OS advantage for IO+TKI versus sunitinib monotherapy (hazard… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Ioannis Anestopoulos1,*, Sotiris Kyriakou1, Maria Deligiorgi2, Dimitrios T. Trafalis2, Sotiris Botaitis3, Rodrigo Franco4,5, Aglaia Pappa6, Mihalis I. Panayiotidis7,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.072349
Abstract Despite the use of targeted and/or immune-based therapeutic approaches, mortality rates among melanoma patients are high, mainly due to drug-induced resistance mechanisms. In parallel, alterations of epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., deregulated patterns of DNA methylation, aberrant histone modifications and abnormal expression levels of non-coding RNAs [ncRNAs]) have been associated not only with the pathophysiology of melanoma but also with the resistance against various immunotherapeutic drugs. In this review article, we discuss the involvement of different types of epigenetic mechanisms in melanoma progression. In addition, we report on melanoma’s immune environment and immunosuppressive mechanisms while we highlight More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zhengzheng Li1,2,#, Haitong Xie1,2,#, Yujuan Chen1,2, Qiuyan Li3, Xing Yuan4, Xinyue Dai3, Jie Chen1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.081209
Abstract Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking targeted therapies. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) drives TNBC progression, but mechanisms governing its protein stability remain unclear. This study aims to identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for PGK1 degradation and evaluate its therapeutic potential against metastasis. Methods: Clinical datasets and 50 human TNBC tissues were analyzed via multiplex immunohistochemistry. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination linkage assays, and structural modeling were utilized for in vitro mechanistic studies in TNBC cells. Additionally, functional impacts on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis were evaluated using transwell assays and an in vivo mouse lung metastasis… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Abbas Hussain1,*, Daniel Thomas Jones2, Rishi Kumar Nanda3, Ramaditya Srinivasmurthy4, Jason Ta5, Yin Mon Myat6, Riccesha Hattin1, Jo-Lawrence Bigcas7, Sisi Tian7, Suparna Shah7, Robert Wang7, Kyaw Zin Thein8
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077918
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Insights in Drug Resistance of Cancer Therapy: A New Wine in an Old Bottle)
Abstract Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) remains difficult to treat despite multimodal therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have expanded treatment options, but phase III trials combining ICIs with chemoradiotherapy have demonstrated limited survival benefit due to complex resistance mechanisms. These include immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, impaired DNA damage responses, hypoxia-driven adaptations, metabolic reprogramming, and oncogenic signaling via the HER receptor family. This review outlines key resistance pathways and emerging strategies to overcome them. Nanotechnology-based approaches may enhance drug delivery and modulate the tumor microenvironment, while dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Lorenzo Gasperoni1,*, Luna Del Bono2, Alberto Farolfi3, Andrea Messori4,5, Vera Damuzzo5,6
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077700
Abstract Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are established maintenance treatments in ovarian cancer, but comparative efficacy across genetic profiles and relapse risk categories remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different PARPi as maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer across genetic profiles and relapse risk categories using reconstructed individual patient data (IPD) from randomized trials (RCTs). Methods: IPD were reconstructed using the IPDfromKM method from published Kaplan-Meier curves of RCTs stratified by clinical risk subgroup. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint. Three comparisons were performed: Breast Cancer gene (BRCA)+… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Raquel Sanchez-Baltasar1, Nerea Castañeda-Fernández1, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia2, Carlos Torres-Villar3,4, Julio Plaza-Diaz5,6,7,8,*, Lourdes Herrera-Quintana1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.081924
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Pathology, Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies for Breast Cancer)
Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, with substantial international disparities in incidence, stage at diagnosis, access to treatment, and survival. In recent years, BC management has evolved rapidly through advances in molecular characterization, imaging, pathology, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and survivorship care. Nevertheless, important gaps persist in early and accurate detection, biomarker standardization, equitable access to care, and patient-specific treatment selection. These advances require timely, evidence-based, and context-specific clinical frameworks to support appropriate implementation, and to avoid the use of… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Xin Qian, Xian Deng, Rongjia Zhang, Xu Li, Dehui Qiao, Xiaodong Chen, Hui Yang*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079674
Abstract Background: Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy. Cardiac metastasis from PDTC is exceedingly uncommon. We report early cardiac metastasis occurring shortly after radical thyroidectomy to highlight atypical distant spread and management challenges. Case Description: A 62-year-old woman presented four months after thyroidectomy with progressive exertional dyspnoea, fatigue, productive cough, facial oedema, lip cyanosis, and dizziness. Postoperative pathology showed poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the right lobe and isthmus (pT2N1bM0) with capsular and recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a right atrial mass that enlarged to 5.3 × 4.0 cm and extended toward… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Zhihao Wei1,#, Jijie Cai1,#, Sifen Wang2,#, Yachen Li3, Libo Luo1, Jun Chen1, Fuyu Li1, Hongyu Nie1, Ke Gong4,*, Manbo Cai1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079281
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and accumulating evidence suggests that tumor-associated microbiota may contribute to disease heterogeneity beyond host genetic and immune determinants. Advances in sequencing and multi-omics technologies have uncovered a reproducible intratumoral microbiome in BC, with distinct compositional patterns associated with molecular subtypes, clinicopathological features, and clinical outcomes. Alterations in specific microbial taxa have also been linked to tumor immune status, metastatic potential, and therapeutic sensitivity, underscoring their potential value in disease stratification and prognostic assessment. Although breast tissue represents a low-biomass environment, multiple studies employing stringent… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jian-Lei Kang1,2, Yu-Jie Xu3, Qi-Tai Zhao4, Bing Zhang5, Xin Xu2,*, Bo Yang1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079221
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: The Evolving Landscape of Cancer Treatment: Molecular Insights and Immunotherapeutic Breakthroughs)
Abstract Background: Glioma is among the most malignant brain tumors, and its heterogeneity contributes significantly to treatment failure. Comprehensive profiling of cellular and molecular heterogeneity across different glioma stages and recurrence states is crucial for understanding therapeutic resistance and identifying novel targets. Accordingly, this study sought to systematically characterize the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of glioma across different stages and recurrence states using single-cell RNA sequencing, and to identify prognostic subtypes and potential therapeutic targets. Methods: We integrated public single-cell RNA sequencing data from glioma specimens, including lower-grade glioma (LGG), glioblastoma (GBM), and paired primary and recurrent… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yu-Hao Huang1,#, Hao-Yeh Chen2,#, Peng-Ju Chien1, Chun-Yu Chen2,3, Shao-Ti Li4, Hsueh-Te Lee5, Yueh-Chun Lee4,6,*, Wen-Wei Chang1,7,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.080978
Abstract Backgrounds: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly aggressive, insensitive to radiotherapy, and exhibits increased cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, contributing to poor patient outcomes. B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1) is an oncogene in certain cancers, but its role in TNBC is unclear. This study investigated BCLAF1’s involvement in radioresistance and CSC activity in TNBC. Methods: BCLAF1 expression and clinical significance were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer dataset. Radioresistant MDA-MB-231 cells were used to examine BCLAF1’s function. Proto-oncogene SRC (SRC) overexpression, BCLAF1 knockdown, dasatinib treatment, and hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Chiara Ferraro1, Michela Pizzoferrato1, Michela Graziano1, Tiziana Servidei2, Antonio Ruggiero2, Pierluigi Navarra1, Lucia Lisi1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.071074
Abstract Objectives: Advances in molecular profiling of pediatric low-grade glioma have enabled targeted therapies to emerge as effective and better-tolerated alternatives to conventional chemotherapy, increasingly used in progressive or recurrent disease and may reduce long-term treatment toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the repositioning of the anthelmintic drug mebendazole (MBZ) as an antiproliferative agent in pediatric glioma models, and to investigate potential synergistic effects in combination with vinblastine. Methods: Two well-established human pediatric glioma cell lines, RES 259 and RES 186, were exposed to MBZ alone or in combination with vinblastine. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and tumor invasiveness… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Lei Luo1, Fengju Guan1, Zhankun Wang2, Bin Li1, Xuemei Ding1, Leilei Song1, Lijiang Sun1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.080621
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Metabolic Heterogeneity in Cancer: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications)
Abstract Background: Resistance to sunitinib represents a major clinical obstacle in the management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). This investigation aims to identify genes associated with sunitinib resistance and elucidate potential molecular pathways in ccRCC. Methods: To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cells and their parental cells, bioinformatic analysis was performed on the GSE216494 dataset. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and topological analyses pinpointed a hub gene. Sunitinib-resistant A498 and 786-O cell lines were employed for in vitro validation. Sunitinib sensitivity and cell proliferation were evaluated using functional assays, such as colony formation and… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Shijia Lu1,#, Yanmin Wang1,#, Han Zhang1, Mengjia Yan1, Mengdan Sang2, Jinle Wang1, Huaying Du3, Jinwen Sima3, Yiran Zhen2, Xue Yang2, Yutong Zhang1, Hongwei Zhou1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079988
Abstract Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is a core protein in DNA replication and repair. Its functional dysregulation drives tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance, making it a critical anticancer target. However, the fundamental conflict between PCNA’s indispensable “guardian” function in normal cells and its hijacked “accomplice” role in cancer cells constitutes the central challenge for targeted intervention: how to eradicate tumors while avoiding severe toxicity to normal tissues. This review aims to systematically review the latest advances and translational dilemmas in the field of PCNA-targeted therapy. It outlines various intervention strategies, including small-molecule inhibitors, proteolysis-targeting chimeras, post-translational More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zhen Wang1, Qian Xie2, Yu Luo3, Chuan Li1, Wenqiang Guan1, Yanling Zhang4, Jidong Miao1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079813
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy)
Abstract Objective: This study assesses peripheral blood parameters as predictors of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 169 advanced NSCLC patients receiving first-line PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy. Baseline blood parameters and clinical characteristics were recorded. Logistic regression assessed associations with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Chi-square tests compared efficacy and safety across treatment groups. Results: Baseline albumin/fibrinogen ratio (ALB/FIB) and PIV were associated with all-grade irAEs (p < 0.05), while PIV was markedly associated with grade ≥3 irAEs (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified that the baseline pan-immune inflammation More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yangyang Zhang1,2,3,#, Ilyar Mamtili4,#, Yonghao Chen5, Guangjie Ji1,2,3,*, Chaozhao Liang1,2,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079316
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning for Disease Subtyping, from Molecular to Clinical Features)
Abstract Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) responds poorly to immunotherapy. We investigated the myeloid checkpoint TIM3 (HAVCR2) to define its lineage localization and regulatory logic in the PCa microenvironment. Methods: We integrated stage-resolved public single-cell RNA-seq datasets spanning primary PCa, metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa, and castration-resistant PCa. Myeloid compartments were analyzed via differential expression, regulon inference, and ligand–receptor modeling. Clinical relevance was evaluated in the Cancer Genome Atlas prostate adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) cohort and independent cohorts using a myeloid TIM3 signature. Mechanistic validation was achieved through PR domain zinc finger protein 1 (PRDM1) chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)–qPCR… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Piera Federico1,*, Maria Anna Canciello1, Barbara Granata2, Davide Bosso1, Bruno Daniele1
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078258
Abstract Background: The synchronous occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is rare and poses significant therapeutic challenges, particularly in elderly patients with comorbidities. Although both malignancies may respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), evidence supporting a unified immunotherapeutic approach remains limited. This report aims to describe the clinical course and outcomes of dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in a patient with synchronous HCC and ccRCC. Case Description: We describe a patient in their 80s with synchronous advanced HCC and ccRCC, with underlying cirrhosis related to hepatitis C virus infection and cardiovascular comorbidities.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zhihao Yin1,2,3,#, Xi Zhen4,#, Haonan Li1,2,3,#, Haiqiang Duan1,2,3,#, Xiaowei Hu5,#, Tianxi Yu1, Qing Shi1, Ziyi Liu1, Yaowei Li1, Peng Zhang1, Peng Dai1, Meihui Zhao6, Ziqi Wang1,2,3,7,*, Changfu Li2,*, Di Wang1,*, Zhichao Tong1,3,5,8,9,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077808
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of potential targets and biomarkers for cancers and the exploration of novel molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis)
Abstract Backgrounds: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are increasingly recognized as modulators of anti-tumor immunity, yet their clinical relevance in bladder cancer remains incompletely understood, partly owing to heterogeneity in their maturation states. Here, we demonstrate that germinal center (GC)–like TLS maturity, rather than TLS presence alone, is closely associated with immune activation and therapeutic response to Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in bladder cancer. The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the clinical significance, biological function, and therapeutic potential of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) maturation in bladder cancer. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether GC-like… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Mariagrazia Piscione1,*, Barbara Pala2,3,*, Francesco Cribari3, Paola Gualtieri4, Dario Gaudio5, Marco Alfonso Perrone6, Laura Di Renzo4
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079215
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Metabolic and Inflammatory Dysregulation as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer)
Abstract Cholesterol metabolism is central to cancer biology, influencing tumour initiation, progression, and therapeutic response, while contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk observed in cancer patients. Epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between circulating cholesterol levels and cancer risk have yielded conflicting results, reflecting substantial biological heterogeneity, tumour-specific metabolic demands, and methodological biases such as reverse causality. At the cellular level, malignant cells exhibit elevated cholesterol uptake and synthesis to sustain membrane biogenesis, lipid raft-dependent oncogenic signalling, and rapid proliferation. Cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives further modulate inflammation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and key signalling pathways. Anticancer therapies… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Yen-Dun Tony Tzeng1,2,#, Chen-Yueh Wen3,4,#, Su-Boon Yong5,6, Zhi-Hong Wen7,8, An-Jen Chiang9,*, Chia-Jung Li8,10,11,12,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078924
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Breast cancer (BC) management has transitioned from histological classification to molecular subtyping, yet therapeutic resistance and intratumor heterogeneity remain critical clinical challenges. This review examines the emerging paradigm shift toward integrating mitochondrial metabolism into the precision medicine framework. We detail the complex mitonuclear crosstalk where nuclear genetic alterations, such as Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) deficiency and TP53 mutations, fundamentally reprogram mitochondrial bioenergetics. Specifically, the loss of BRCA1 function triggers a systemic NAD+ depletion trap through PARP1 hyperactivation, while oncogenic drivers like MYC coordinate with PGC1α to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis for metastatic survival. We evaluate the diagnostic potential of… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Yaqi Xu1, Jia Zhao2, Xiaowen Mao1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079562
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are actively secreted, membrane-enclosed nanoparticles that serve as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication. They function as key mediators of intercellular communication by transporting diverse biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. Within the tumor microenvironment, EVs drive complex cellular crosstalk and critically regulate tumor progression by remodeling the extracellular matrix, conferring drug resistance, and reprogramming immune responses. Given their natural biocompatibility, tissue tropism, and ability to cross biological barriers, EVs have emerged as promising platforms for immunotherapy, tumor vaccines and targeted drug delivery system. Moreover, the rapid expansion of EV-based clinical trials… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Zixin Wan1,2,#, Jingdan Quan1,2,#, Yue Qiu1,2, Zhiwei Zhang1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.082561
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Gastroenteropancreatic Tumors: From Basic Research to Therapeutic Approach)
Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality worldwide. It has concealed early symptoms, poor prognosis for advanced patients, and limited efficacy of conventional treatments. Metabolic reprogramming is a core hallmark of cancer, among which amino acid metabolic reprogramming plays a critical regulatory role in the initiation and progression of GC. By linking intracellular energy supply, biosynthetic demands, and tumor microenvironment remodeling, it participates in immune escape, redox homeostasis maintenance, and therapeutic resistance. Dysregulation of key amino acids, including arginine, tryptophan, glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, serine/glycine, and aspartic acid,… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Cristian Cojocaru, Marcel Costuleanu*, Ovidiu Rusalim Petriș, Ruxandra Cojocaru, Decebal Vasîncu, Elena Cojocaru
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.080024
Abstract Lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked (LCINS) represents a clinically and biologically distinct subset of non–small cell lung cancer, driven predominantly by oncogenic alterations rather than tobacco-related mutagenesis. This review aims to summarize current and emerging targeted and immune-based therapeutic strategies in LCINS individuals. These patients present a molecular profile that differs substantially from tobacco-associated disease and has direct consequences for treatment selection. Evidence published over the past five years has clarified how these molecular features shape treatment response and resistance in this setting. Particular attention is given to tumors with alterations in… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jinhui Che1,2, Zhiyuan Chen1, Feng Zhang3,4, Shuo Zhu2, Shengya Cao5, Ou Li1, Rong Li4,*, Jun Zheng3,4,*, Yubin Liu1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.067443
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Insights in Drug Resistance of Cancer Therapy: A New Wine in an Old Bottle)
Abstract Objective: Advanced liver cancer, a highly lethal and increasingly prevalent malignancy, frequently develops sorafenib resistance, with aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism implicated in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate their interplay and assess combination therapies against sorafenib-resistant liver cancer. Methods: Mitochondrial morphology was assessed using immunofluorescent staining. Besides, the mitochondrial metabolic profile was evaluated by measuring the oxygen consumption rate, glucose uptake, and lactate production. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression was determined through immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell counting, colony formation, and cell cycle assays were conducted to… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Alessandro Poggi*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078483
Abstract The production of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with defined specificity in 1975 marked the subsequent revolution of cancer therapy. mAbs have been essential to characterize the functional features of molecules involved in cancer cell growth and dissemination. The murine mAbs have been modified to create humanized antibodies and, subsequently, fully human antibodies for cancer therapy, thereby avoiding the side effects of xenogenic protein. The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) increased the antitumor effect of mAbs. We will analyze the functional features of ADCs that recognize the cluster differentiation (CD)30 receptor present on some lymphomas and the human… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Lindokuhle M. Ngema1, Samson A. Adeyemi1,2,*, Yahya E. Choonara1,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077723
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Primary bone cancer is a relatively rare malignant tumor that manifests in the bone and affects the normal functioning of the bone tissue. Primary bone cancer can be characterized into three subtypes, which are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. Notably, the treatment of primary bone cancer with conventional modalities, like chemotherapy and surgical interventions, has been overwhelmed with dismal clinical outcomes. The conventional therapies are challenged with non-specificity, resulting in off-target effects and ultimate harm to healthy tissue. Particularly, chemotherapy as a first-line treatment option is riddled with poor drug bioavailability, limited tumor accumulation, and More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Ferdinando Cione1, Maddalena De Bernardo1,*, Mario Graziano1, Palmiro Cornetta2, Rossella Centola3, Alessandro Caputo1, Pio Zeppa1, Amelia Filippelli1
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073113
Abstract Background: Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common non-melanocytic ocular surface tumor. Treatment options include surgery and topical or injectable therapies, with interferon alpha-2b (IFNα−2b) being a well-tolerated immunomodulatory agent. This case report aims to explore the use of topical IFNα−2b in a patient with multiple OSSN recurrences. Case Description: A 65-year-old woman with a history of recurrent conjunctival papilloma, confirmed as OSSN, was treated with excision and cryotherapy, followed by subconjunctival IFNα−2b injections and eventually topical IFNα−2b (3 million international units-MIU/mL, four times daily for 12 weeks) after further recurrence. Initial discomfort and redness More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yu-Wei Liu1,#, Yung-Kuo Lee2,3,4,#, Kai-Fu Chang2,3, Chung-Bao Hsieh5, Chih-Hsuan Chang2,4, Ching-Chung Ko6,7,8, Hui-Ru Lin4,9, Chi-Jen Wu9,10, Chien-Han Yuan2,4,11,12, Sachin Kumar13,14,15, Dahlak Daniel Solomon13, Do Thi Minh Xuan16, Neethu Palekkode17, Ayman Fathima18, Hung-Yun Lin5,19,20,21,22, Chih-Yang Wang13,14,19, Chih-Jen Yang23,24,*, Yuen-Jung Wu25,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074013
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Aberrant glycosylation contributes to tumor progression by regulating receptor signalling, immune evasion, and metastatic. However, the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of glycosylation-related genes (GRGs) in LUAD has not been comprehensively defined. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively evaluate GRG-associated molecular subtypes and their clinical and therapeutic relevance in LUAD. Methods: GRGs were curated from multiple public databases and integrated with transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas LUAD cohort (TCGA-LUAD)… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yuan Guo1,#, Hui Wang2,#, Xiaoyu Zhao3, Xiao Feng3, Xingjian Cai4, Wei Li3,*, Xiaohui Luo4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078850
Abstract Backgrounds: Early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1), originally identified as a critical transcription factor modulating the development and differentiation of B lymphocytes, has recently attracted significant interest owing to its diverse functional characteristics and regulatory mechanisms in solid tumors. Although current evidence suggests a potential connection between EBF1 and oncogenic developments, its exact role in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear. This study sought to investigate its biological roles and regulatory mechanisms in human PCa. Methods: Bioinformatic analyses were performed utilizing Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and Gene… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Mi Rim Kim1,#, Jason Lau1,#, Michele Maffezzoli2,#,*, Giuseppe Luigi Banna1
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078000
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising strategy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but early-generation drugs were limited by suboptimal target selection, heterogeneous drug–antibody ratios, and linker instability, resulting in modest efficacy and relevant toxicities. We performed a narrative review based on a literature search of PubMed and major oncology congresses up to October 2025, with the aim to critically analyzing the evolving biomarker landscape and engineering strategies shaping next-generation ADC development in NSCLC. Emerging approaches to identify targets for ADCs and refine patient selection include digital pathology with artificial intelligence technologies, transcriptomic and proteomic… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Julia Banaszkiewicz1, Paweł Krawczyk2, Tomasz Grenda3, Anna Grenda2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074037
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Unfavorable epidemiological forecasts indicating a significant increase in cancer incidence and mortality, as well as limitations of traditional cancer treatment methods, prompt the search for new, more effective therapeutic strategies. In response to the difficulties in treating cancer resulting from the significant heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment and the presence of hypoxic and necrotic zones, anaerobic bacteria from the Clostridiaceae family, particularly those of the Clostridium genus, are attracting increasing interest. These bacteria can selectively grow in hypoxic areas of tumors while showing no affinity for healthy tissues. An additional advantage of these bacteria is their… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Guodong Yu1,#, Weiying Ge2,#, Hongliang Yao3, Xuefeng Bai1, Jianfei Wu1, Yuan Wang1, Jiangtao Bai4, Yong Cui1,*, Jijing Han5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.080746
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment)
Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in a chronically inflamed and dysregulated liver metabolism, in which tumor progression and resistance to treatment are orchestrated by the changes in cellular metabolism and immune control. Growing evidence recognizes immunometabolic reprogramming as the two-way interaction of metabolic processes and immune cell capabilities as one of the major determinants of immune evasion and heterogeneity of treatment response in HCC. The review aims to comprehensively evaluate immunometabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma, with a focus on its role in tumor progression, immune regulation, and its potential for biomarker identification and therapeutic targeting. Dysregulated More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Irene Bernal-Florindo1,2, Jose Angel Raposo-Puglia2,3, Felix A. Ruiz2,4, Jose Perez-Requena2,5, Cristian Benavides-de la Fuente2,5, Javier Galan2,6, Maria Jose Berruezo-Salazar2,7, Marcial Garcia-Rojo1,2, Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce2,4,*, Antonio Santisteban-Espejo2,8
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079403
Abstract Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) constitutes a B-cell malignant lymphoid neoplasm derived from the germinal center. Despite current treatment protocols based on chemotherapy, radiotherapy, anti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 30 antibody-drug conjugates, immunotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), between 10% and 20% of CHL patients fail to achieve a complete response. The reasons underlying this lack of treatment sensitivity remain unclear. Traditionally, clinical and analytical variables have constituted the cornerstone of CHL prognostic model development. However, in recent years, the distribution and spatial relationships of cancer and immune cells within the CHL tumor microenvironment (TME) have… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Changyul Kim1,2,#, Yu Ju Jung2,#, Da Hee Son2, Na Young Kim2, Se Gie Kim3, Hee Sung Park1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078448
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Overcoming Drug Resistance in Cancer: Strategies and Natural Compound-Based Therapeutics)
Abstract Backgrounds: Autocrine motility factor (AMF) represents a paradoxical protein with dual roles in cancer progression and therapy. This study investigated AMF-derived tetradecapeptides as novel chemosensitizing agents to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) in hematological malignancies (HMs). Methods: Seven AMF variants were screened for anticancer activity across 14 human cancer cell lines using MTT and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Four tetradecapeptides (AMF-derived peptides AAP, HGP, HTP, and SKP) corresponding to the AMF206-219 region were designed and evaluated in three HM cell lines (HL-60, CCRF-CEM, IM-9) for growth inhibition, cellular internalization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Marwa Balaha1, Saad A. Aldosari2, Ahmed A. Alamer2, Nehad Ahmed2, Mohamed F. Balaha2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077965
Abstract Objectives: Tissue-agnostic oncology personalizes treatments based on shared molecular biomarkers, addressing challenges like assay variability, control-arm rigor, and non-proportional hazards. Integrating efficacy, safety, and resistance factors with consistent estimands is essential for evaluating biomarker-matched therapies across histologies. This review aims to quantify and compare their efficacy and safety, and to identify determinants of resistance, using PRISMA-compliant methods. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of 38 studies (15,018 participants), employing dual screening, standardized bias assessment, and evaluations of heterogeneity and small-study effects. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for time-to-event outcomes, and… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Huimin Zhao1,#, Xiuran Wang2,#, Zhimeng Fan3, Ai Sun4, Changhua Zhang1,*, Chunhui Sun1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078825
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a significant global health burden, characterized by high incidence, poor prognosis, and limited response to monotherapies. The advent of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) has introduced a novel therapeutic paradigm, enabling dual targeting of tumor-associated antigens and immune effectors to enhance antitumor immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in bsAb-based immunotherapy across major GI malignancies, including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, biliary tract, esophageal, and liver cancers. We summarize key molecular targets and highlight representative clinical candidates such as CEA-TCB and RG7802. The discussion extends to innovative strategies involving BsAbs in… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Ye Ri Han1,*, Sang Bong Lee2,3,4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079556
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Liver Cancer: Novel Therapeutics and Biomarkers for HCC and CCA)
Abstract Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with clinical outcomes limited by biological heterogeneity and inconsistent therapeutic responses. Despite advances in systemic chemotherapy, targeted agents, immunotherapy, and liver-directed interventions, the translation of preclinical efficacy into clinical benefit remains suboptimal, highlighting the need for predictive experimental models. However, therapeutic efficacy in CRLM is highly model-dependent, and discrepancies between preclinical findings and clinical outcomes often arise from differences in biological fidelity across experimental platforms. This review critically examines preclinical platforms used to study CRLM, with emphasis on orthotopic and metastatic models that More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Avetis Tsaturyan1,2, Heghine Hakobyan1, Kristina Hovsepyan1, Anna Mkrtchyan1,2, Tatevik Sargsyan1,2,*, Raffaele Pastore3, Germano Guerra3, Giovanni N. Roviello4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078405
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Overcoming Drug Resistance in Cancer: Strategies and Natural Compound-Based Therapeutics)
Abstract Cancer is regarded as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, despite the progress of traditional therapies. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are often accompanied by significant side effects and the development of drug resistance contributes to making the fight against cancer even more challenging, which clearly highlights the urgent need to develop new therapeutic molecular approaches. In this context, natural peptides were introduced into the pharmaceutical market in the last decade and have replenished the ranks of effective anticancer agents due to their structural diversity, biocompatibility, and ability to selectively target tumor cells. Natural… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Alessandro Polizzi1,#, Gaetano Isola1,#, Monia Cecati2,*, Nicoletta Bonci3, Roberto Campagna2,*, Giovanni Tossetta2
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079642
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Head and Neck Cancer: Cutting-Edge Treatments and Future Directions)
Abstract Polyphenolic stilbenes are plant-derived compounds that have attracted increasing interest for their potential anticancer properties. Among them, resveratrol is the most extensively investigated molecule. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents a major global health challenge due to its aggressive biological behavior, frequent late diagnosis, and limited improvement in survival outcomes despite advances in treatment. This review aims to summarize current experimental evidence on the anticancer effects of resveratrol in OSCC, also considering structurally related derivatives such as polydatin and pinostilbene hydrate. A structured review of the literature was performed to identify experimental studies investigating the… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Zehao Wei1,#, Xuejian Liu2,#, Zheng Zhang1, Yimin Ma2,*, Min Xu1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078793
Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by difficulties in early diagnosis, limited therapeutic options, and generally poor patient prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapy has provided new opportunities for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, its clinical efficacy has been substantially constrained by the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune evasion mechanisms. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, AI has demonstrated great potential in the early detection of pancreatic cancer, prediction of immunotherapeutic responses, and design of personalized treatment strategies. This review systematically summarizes the latest advances in the More >
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