Open Access
VIEWPOINT
Guido Carloni, Monica Rinaldi*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071847
Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are increasingly recognized as significant etiological factors in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (B-NHLs). Epidemiological and molecular studies have demonstrated a consistent association between chronic viral infection and B-NHLs. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in lymphomagenesis, both direct and indirect, including chronic antigenic stimulation, direct infection of B cells, and viral protein–mediated oncogenic signaling, It is likely that a combination of several pathogenic conditions is required to eventually lead to the development of lymphoma. The prevalence of B-cell lymphomas among individuals with chronic… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yuanxin Miao1,2, Fengyun Hao3,*, Sae Hwi Ki1,4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071034
Abstract Objectives: The eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) translation initiation complex inhibitors (eIF4Fi) were recently found to hyperactivate extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signals, which contribute to acquired resistance to BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) inhibitors in melanoma. This present study aims to elucidate how to overcome the resistance of the eIF4Fi in BRAFV600E mutant melanoma cells and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Melanoma A375 (vemurafenib [VEM]-sensitive) and A375R (VEM-resistant) cells were exposed to eIF4Fi RocA at varying doses and durations in vitro. We investigated the impact of RocA on the activity of ERK1/2, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Iara Santos1, Joana Liberal1,2, Paulo Teixeira1,3,4, Diana Martins1,2,5,6, Fernando Mendes1,2,5,6,7,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070281
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Colorectal Cancer Research and Treatment)
Abstract Background: The Colorectal Cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by the gut microbiome, making it a promising biomarker for predicting treatment responses and adverse effects. This systematic review aims to outline the gut microbiome composition in individuals with CRC undergoing the same therapeutic regimen and evaluate interindividual microbiome profile variations to better understand how these differences may influence therapeutic outcomes. Methods: Key studies investigating the microbiome’s role in therapeutic approaches for CRC were searched in both PubMed and Cochrane databases on 12 and 22 March 2025, respectively. Eligible studies included free full-text English-language… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Pingping Hu1,2,#, Zhenhao Fei1,2,#, Jianhua Bai1,2, Zhiwen Wang1,2, Yun Jin1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070207
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Objectives: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by poor prognosis due to its limited treatment choices and delayed detection. S100A14 has been implicated in tumor progression, yet its regulatory hierarchy and functional interplay in PC remain unclear. This study aimed to define the role of S100A14 in PC progression. Methods: Integrated bioinformatic analyses of TCGA-PAAD and GSE22780 datasets identified candidate hub genes. Prognostic relevance was assessed via Kaplan-Meier and ROC analyses. Functional experiments were performed in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, including qRT-PCR, CCK-8 assay, Western blotting, Transwell assay, and apoptosis assay. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to verify… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Candela Cives-Losada1,2, Cristiana Soldani2, Michela Anna Polidoro2, Barbara Franceschini2, Ana Lleo3,4, Marcello Di Martino1,5, Matteo Donadon1,5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.074093
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer worldwide, being the presence of metastasis, mainly in the liver, a major contributor to high mortality rates in affected patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME)—comprised of interacting endothelial, stromal, and immune cells—plays a critical role in creating a supportive niche for tumor cell colonization and immune evasion and, thus, the establishment of metastases. The liver’s intrinsic nature further facilitates the development of immune tolerance, mediated by regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and soluble factors such as anti-inflammatory cytokines, which together dampen antitumor immune responses. This immunosuppressive milieu More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Donatella Coradduzza1,#, Anna La Salvia2,#, Giuseppe Fanciulli3, Maria Rosaria De Miglio3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073045
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy)
Abstract Background: An increasing number of studies have shown that ferroptosis is related to the initiation and development of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The systematic review aimed to summarize the characteristics of ferroptosis from its pathogenetic role to translational therapeutic implications in SCLC. Methods: This systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251090058), followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive research of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed for studies published between January 2010 and July 2025 investigating ferroptosis mechanisms, genetic or pharmacological modulation, or molecular profiling in SCLC. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Ke Liu1,2,3,#, Xia Xue1,2,3,#, Haiming Qin4,5,#, Jiaying Zhu6,#, Meng Jin1,6, Die Dai6, Youcai Tang1, Ihtisham Bukhari1, Hangfan Liu1, Chunjing Qiu1, Feifei Ren1, Pengyuan Zheng1,2,3, Yang Mi1,2,3,*, Weihua Chen6,7,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072661
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancing Cellular Therapeutics in Oncology: Innovations, Challenges, and Clinical Translation)
Abstract Background: The gut microbiome has emerged as a critical modulator of cancer immunotherapy response. However, the mechanisms by which gut-associated metabolites influence checkpoint blockade efficacy in prostate cancer (PC) remain not fully explored. The study aimed to explore how gut metabolites regulate death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade via exosomes and boost immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in PC. Methods: We recruited 70 PC patients to set up into five subgroups. The integrated multi-omics analysis was performed. In parallel, we validated the function of gut microbiome-associated metabolites on PD-L1 production and immunotherapy treatment efficacy in PC cell lines… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Gwan Hee Han1,2,#, Hee Yun3,#, Joon-Yong Chung4, Jae-Hoon Kim3,5,6, Hanbyoul Cho3,5,6,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072105
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies in Solid Tumor Diagnosis, Progression, and Prognosis (Ⅱ))
Abstract Objectives: Phosphodiesterase 1A (PDE1A) regulates intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling and has been implicated in tumor progression, but its clinical relevance and functional role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), particularly in relation to the response to platinum remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of PDE1A in EOG and to clarify its functional role in tumor progression and response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: PDE1A mRNA and protein levels were analyzed using public databases, RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. Correlations between PDE1A expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis were assessed. Functional roles were investigated in ovarian… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Stefano Dore1, Matteo Sachi1, Antonio Pinna1, Giuseppe Palmieri2,3, Panagiotis Paliogiannis4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071831
Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer, with approximately 5.2 individuals per million affected annually in the United States. It represents approximately 3% of the global malignant melanoma cases, accounting for 80% of the overall noncutaneous melanomas. Clinically, it remains silent in about 30% of the cases; when symptomatic, it generally causes metamorphopsia (painless loss or distortion of vision) and/or photopsia (flashing or flickering of light in the visual field). Discoloration of the iris, astigmatism, glaucoma, and even blindness are other, less common clinical manifestations. Several pathophysiological mechanisms underlie the development of UM.… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Harpreet Kaur1,*, Dhrubalochan Rana2, Sowvik Bag2, Paramjeet Singh3
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071209
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Drug Targets in Oncology: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Innovations)
Abstract The prolonged and intricate history of oncological treatments has transitioned significantly since the introduction of chemotherapy. Substantial therapeutic benefits in cancer therapy have been achieved by the integration of conventional treatments with molecular biosciences and omics technologies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor, hormone receptors, and angiogenesis factors are among the established therapies in tumor reduction and managing side effects. Novel targeted therapies like KRAS G12C, Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2), Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), and epigenetic regulators emphasize their promise in advancing precision medicine. However, in many cases, the resistance mechanisms associated with these interventions… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Shail Rakesh Modi, Terrick Andey*, George Acquaah-Mensah*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070793
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of potential targets and biomarkers for cancers and the exploration of novel molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis)
Abstract Objectives: The current treatment options and therapeutic targets for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BrCA), are limited. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers and transcriptional regulatory networks (TRN) inherent in TNBC samples. Methods: We analyzed pan-cancer BrCA datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to compare triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) with TNBC. TRN algorithms and virtual inference of protein-enriched regulon (VIPER) were used to identify master regulators and their target genes. Utilizing TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468), we validated the relationship of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 3 (NFE2L3) and… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Kamila Mozga1, Olga Synowiecka1, Igor Rydzyk1, Anna Marek1, Ewelina Wieczorek1, Alicja Petniak2,*, Paulina Gil-Kulik2
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070505
Abstract Objectives: Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a key treatment for melanoma. However, the increasing number of cases of melanoma resistant to immunotherapy highlights the need to develop methods to overcome this resistance. This study aims to collect the most recent information on melanoma immunotherapy, discuss potential strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy, and identify areas that require further analysis. Methods: To achieve this goal, scientific publications from 2021–2024 available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were analyzed. The databases were searched using the following terms: “melanoma”, “immunotherapy”, “Immune Checkpoint Blockade”, and More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Fangyuan Zhang1,#, Xi Wang2,#, Xinxin Shen3, Pei Xiong3, Yan Yang4,*, Jincheng Wang5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.074893
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Transcriptome Analysis in Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Heterogeneity)
Abstract Accumulating evidence indicates that the neuro-immune axis is central to gastric cancer pathogenesis. Dynamic, bidirectional signaling between neural circuits and immune cells promotes tumor progression, shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and contributes to therapeutic resistance. We synthesize current knowledge on how autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and sensory innervation regulate gastric cancer biology. These circuits act through neurotransmitters (catecholamines, acetylcholine) and neuropeptides (substance P [SP], calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP]) to foster tumor growth and angiogenesis, facilitate perineural invasion, and enable immune evasion by recruiting suppressive myeloid and lymphoid populations and by inducing checkpoint molecule expression. We also… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jo-Yu Lin1,#, Tien-Huang Lin2,3,#, Ya-Jing Jiang4, Liang-Wei Lin4, Kuan-Ying Lai5, Yi-Chin Fong6,7,8, Chih-Chuang Liaw5,9,*, Chih-Hsin Tang1,4,10,11,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.074202
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Molecular Therapeutics for Prostate Cancer)
Abstract Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent malignancy in men and often correlates with distant metastasis in its advanced stages. The study aimed to investigate the effects of Ugonin J, a natural compound isolated from Helminthostachys zeylanica, on PCa metastasis. Methods: The effects of Ugonin J on cell motility were assessed using migration and invasion assays. Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to evaluate the impact of Ugonin J on mRNA and protein expression. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed to investigate candidate mechanisms. Differential gene expression analysis in PCa patients… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Saad Alobid1,#, Hussam Albassam1,#, Tebyan O. Mirgany2, Faris Almutairi1, Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi1, Ahmed H. Bakheit2, Hanadi H. Asiri2, Eram Eltahir3, Gamaleldin I. Harisa3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073371
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Pharmacological Bases of Anticancer Drug Therapies in Precision Oncology)
Abstract Objective: Glioblastoma (GB) therapy is challenged by tumor heterogeneity and multidrug resistance (MDR), highlighting the need for effective therapies. This study aimed to explore the combined anticancer effects of Sunitinib (SNB) and Fenofibrate (FEN) on U87 cells. Methods: U87 cells were exposed to SNB, FEN, or their combination for 24 h, followed by evaluations of cell viability, migration, and clonogenic survival using MTT, scratch, and colony formation assays. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified via the 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein assay, while mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using JC-1 red/green fluorescence. Molecular docking was performed to… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Norbert Nass1,2,*, Atanas Ignatov3, Thomas Kalinski1
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072793
Abstract Objectives: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates tumor vascularization in response to hypoxia and inflammatory signals. The polyphenol curcumin is supposed to interfere with inflammation-induced VEGF secretion and might therefore support anti-VEGF-based treatments. We aimed to investigate the interaction between curcumin and the inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) for VEGF secretion in breast cancer cell lines representing major breast cancer subtypes. Methods: VEGF in cell cultures was detected by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kinase phosphorylation was investigated by Western blotting. Gene expressions were analyzed by correlation tests. VEGF was evaluated in a retrospective… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yuerou Feng, Panpan Tong, Shuwen Fu, Xiaofan Lu, Liquan Zheng, Jielan Lai*, Renchun Lai*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072563
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Colorectal Cancer Research and Treatment)
Abstract Background: The efficacy of standard 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy for colorectal cancer is limited by drug resistance and adverse effects, prompting research into esketamine, a potent ketamine variant with analgesic, antidepressant, and recently discovered anti-tumor properties, to determine if it can enhance 5-FU’s chemosensitivity. This study investigates whether esketamine synergizes with 5-FU to enhance therapeutic efficacy in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell models. Methods: We performed functional assays to evaluate proliferation (CCK-8), migration (wound healing), invasion (Transwell), and apoptosis (flow cytometry) in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines treated with 5-FU alone or in combination with esketamine. Transcriptomic profiling was… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Katerina Ondraskova1,2, Matous Cwik3, Ondrej Horky4, Jitka Berkovcova4, Jitka Holcakova1, Martin Bartosik1, Tomas Kazda5, Klara Mrazova1,6, Michal Uher7, Igor Kiss3, Roman Hrstka1,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070116
Abstract Objectives: Cancer treatment relies heavily on accurate diagnosis and effective monitoring of the disease. These processes often involve invasive procedures, such as colonoscopy, to detect malignant tissues, followed by molecular analyses to determine relevant biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for detecting Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Proto-Oncogene (KRAS), Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog (NRAS), and B-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B (BRAF) mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from colorectal cancer patients using liquid biopsy. Methods: ctDNA was isolated from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (n = 110) and analyzed for KRAS, BRAF,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Bu Zou1,#, Yi-En Xu2,#, Hui-Chan He3, Zu-Lu Ye2, Da-Lei Zhou2, Cai-Yun He2,*, Chan Huang4,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.069453
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Targets and Biomarkers in Solid Tumors)
Abstract Objectives: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major global health concern, and Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1 (PIK3R1), a regulatory subunit of the PI3K signaling pathway, may play a critical yet underexplored role in GC progression. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of PIK3R1 in GC and its association with the tumor immune microenvironment. Methods: PIK3R1 expression and its clinical relevance were analyzed using datasets from GC patients who underwent gastrectomy, including cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC). Prognostic models integrating PIK3R1 expression with clinical parameters… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Simon Burg1, Audrey Laure Céline Grust1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068555
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Targets and Biomarkers in Solid Tumors)
Abstract Background: With a total of 1.46 million new cases and 396,792 deaths in 2022, prostate cancer is a major medical challenge around the world. Detecting and treating cancer at earlier, preferably localized stages can significantly increase survival rates. Here, a novel blood-based cancer screening as a pre-test in combination with targeted MRI imaging enabled the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Case Description: We present the case of a 64-year-old man who participated in a prospective, interventional, multicenter cancer screening study where an immunological biopsy-based technique served as a part of a novel screening technique. This immunology… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Marta Pawłowska1,*, Dorian Jarek2, Jan Milanowski2, Karolina Szewczyk-Golec1
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071891
Abstract Parasitic infections are increasingly recognized as contributors to cancer development, yet the underlying oncogenic mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Growing evidence from molecular oncology, immunology, and microbiome research suggests that chronic parasitic infections may drive tumorigenesis through sustained inflammation, deregulated signaling pathways, genomic instability, and the release of parasite-derived exosomes that reshape the tumor microenvironment. These insights underscore the need to integrate parasitology with cancer biology to understand infection-associated malignancies better. The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize current knowledge on how selected parasites contribute to cancer development and to highlight emerging therapeutic and… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Min Hee Kim1, Boyoon Huh1, Joo-Won Park1,*, Woo-Jae Park2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071523
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Pathology, Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies for Breast Cancer)
Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among women and comprises a heterogeneous spectrum of molecular subtypes with distinct biological behaviors. Among various regulatory molecules, sphingolipids play pivotal roles in dynamically modulating fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis through metabolic interconversions, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, and the generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which sphingolipid metabolism orchestrates cancer cell fate and drives breast cancer progression. Particular emphasis is placed on the balance between proapoptotic ceramides and pro-survival metabolites, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate, which collectively influence tumor growth More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Yang Wu1,#,*, Dong Xu1,#, Run Shi1, Mingwei Zhan2, Shaohui Xu3, Xin Wang4, Jianpeng Zhang5, Zhaokai Zhou6, Weizhuo Wang7, Yongjie Wang8, Minglun Li9, Zihao Xu10,*, Kaifeng Su11,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073265
Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality in men, largely due to therapy resistance and metastatic progression. Increasing evidence highlights the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as a critical determinant of disease behavior. CAFs constitute a heterogeneous population originating from fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells undergoing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and adipose tissue. Through dynamic crosstalk with tumor, immune, endothelial, and adipocyte compartments, CAFs orchestrate oncogenic processes including tumor proliferation, invasion, immune evasion, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and metabolic reprogramming. This review comprehensively summarizes the cellular origins, phenotypic More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Jiayu Zou1,2,3, Yajie Lu3, Jiaqi Li3, Zhaokai Zhou4,5, Fu Peng3, Pu Qiu2,*, Hailin Tang6, Cheng Peng1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071940
Abstract Lung cancer is the most common but fatal malignant tumor worldwide. Patients with lung cancer experienced a relatively low 5-year overall survival rate, and issues such as metastasis and drug resistance remain prominent challenges in its clinical management. Neddylation, a novel type of post-translational modification, was overactivated in lung cancer and was closely associated with its occurrence, development, metastasis, and drug resistance. This review systematically summarizes the biological process of neddylation and deeply explores the latest research progress on how neddylation affects lung cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms, with a focus on More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Yuriy Mayasin1,*, Maria Osinnikova2, Daria Osadchaya1, Victoria Dmitrienko1, Anna Gorodilova1, Chulpan Kharisova1, Kristina Kitaeva1, Valeria Solovyeva1, Albert Rizvanov1,3
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073008
Abstract Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by rare Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) tumor cells that uniformly express cluster of differentiation (CD)30 molecules and orchestrate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, making CD30 an attractive and selective therapeutic target. We summarize the biological rationale for CD30 as a therapeutic target and the preclinical and clinical evidence across major platforms: antibody-drug conjugates (brentuximab vedotin), monoclonal antibodies (including acimtamig and its combinations with Natural Killer cells), second- and third-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, and alternative modalities. Particular attention is given to standardized response assessment (IWG, Lugano, RECIL criteria), which enables appropriate… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Mariana Francisco1, Fernando Mendes1,2,3,4,5,*, Diana Martins1,2,3,4, Joana Liberal1,2
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070276
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Colorectal Cancer Research and Treatment)
Abstract Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health burden, and Urolithin A (Uro-A) has emerged as a promising anticancer agent. This systematic review aims to synthesize current in vitro evidence on the anticancer effects of Uro-A in CRC, highlighting effective concentration ranges, exposure times, relevant outcomes, and underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the following strategy: (colorectal cancer) AND (urolithin a) OR (3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one). Eligibility criteria were defined by the PICO framework: (P) in vitro CRC cell models; (I) Uro-A alone or… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Marco Siringo1,2,#,*, Michela De Meo1,#, Alain Jonathan Gelibter3, Chiara Nicolazzo4,5,§, Paola Gazzaniga5,§
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.069832
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Liquid Biopsy: A Powerful Tool for Exploring Tumor Biology)
Abstract Objectives: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapies have reshaped treatment non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) paradigms, prognosis remains poor for many patients due to delayed diagnosis and resistance mechanisms. Liquid biopsy offers a minimally invasive approach to monitoring tumor evolution. Among circulating biomarkers, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer-associated macrophage-like cells (CAM-Ls) may provide complementary prognostic insights. The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of CTC and CAM-Ls dynamic in metastatic NSCLC patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 77 patients with metastatic NSCLC who underwent CTC and CAM-L evaluation via the CellSearch® system… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Andong Cheng1,2,#, Yiding Chen1,#, Hao Li1, Feixiang Yang1, Junlan Jiang3, Sheng Tai1, Weiwei Chen4, Yu Guan1, Shuiping Yin1,*, Jialin Meng1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.066478
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Unraveling cell death in solid tumors: single-cell & spatial transcriptomics illuminate therapeutic target)
Abstract Background: In clinical practice, approximately 80% of prostate cancer (PC) cases are localized and can achieve favorable outcomes with appropriate treatment. Conversely, some remaining cases exhibit an aggressive phenotype or develop resistance to therapeutic interventions, leading to tumor metastasis and a poorer prognosis. When PC metastasizes to distant sites, the bone remains the predominant location, and brain metastases are regarded as exceedingly rare. Case Description: The current study focused on a rare clinical PC case that presented multiple brain metastases after prostate surgery. The patient was initially diagnosed with PC through prostate biopsy and subsequently underwent More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Amy J. Petty*, Drew A. Emge, Adela R. Cardones
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073383
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Shaping the Future: The Next Evolution of Cancer Immunotherapy)
Abstract Skin cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and melanoma representing the most clinically significant types. While traditional treatments are effective for early-stage disease, advanced or metastatic cases often pose significant therapeutic challenges. Patients with high-risk or recurrent disease face limited options and poor prognoses. The emergence of immunotherapy has dramatically transformed the treatment landscape across multiple cancer types, including cutaneous malignancies. This review highlights recent advancements in immunotherapeutic strategies for BCC, cSCC, and melanoma, underscoring their growing importance in dermatologic oncology. We synthesize More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Amal F. Gharib1, Ohud Alsalmi1, Hayaa M. Alhuthali1, Afaf Alharthi1, Saud Ayed Alharthi2, Shaimaa A. Alharthi3, Rasha L. Etewa4, Wael H. Elsawy5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073051
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies in Solid Tumor Diagnosis, Progression, and Prognosis (Ⅱ))
Abstract Background: Locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-LSCC) presents clinical challenges due to the lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate miR-449a as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LA-LSCC. Methods: miR-449a expression was analyzed in tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues, and serum from 81 LA-LSCC patients and 50 controls using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We assessed the diagnostic accuracy by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC curves), clinicopathological associations, survival outcomes (Kaplan-Meier), and treatment response dynamics. Results: miR-449a was significantly downregulated in LA-LSCC tissues (p < 0.0001) and serum (p <… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Myeong Ryeo Kim1,*, Jae Rim Lee1, Xiaohan Zhang2, Kwang Won Jeong1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072592
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Discover Biomarkers for Personalized Oncology)
Abstract Objectives: Tamoxifen is a key drug that provides endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor (ER)
Open Access
REVIEW
Urszula Częścik1,2,#, Martyna Gryglas3, Arkadiusz Szterk4, Sylwia Flis3,#,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.067449
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Colorectal Cancer Research and Treatment)
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, accounting for approximately 10% of all cancer cases. By 2050, CRC incidence is expected to rise substantially, driven by population aging and greater exposure to risk factors in developing countries. Despite advances in medicine and pharmacy, the effectiveness of available treatments remains limited, underscoring the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes and critically evaluates currently available CRC therapies and explores new emerging directions. Particular attention is given to the role of immunotherapy, targeted therapies,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Rebecca H. Maggs1,*, Marcus J. Brookes2, Kenneth S. Rankin3
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.069781
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Sarcoma Crossroads: Osteosarcoma, Bone Sarcoma, and Soft Tissue Sarcoma)
Abstract Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may eradicate residual malignant cells following sarcoma resection, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cytotoxicity, thus improve clinical outcomes. This study aims to assess the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) as a photosensitizer in combination with red light (RL) for PDT of bone sarcoma cells in vitro. Methods: Three bone sarcoma cell lines underwent treatment with 5-ALA and RL or sham-RL (SL). 5-ALA uptake was assessed using flow cytometry. Production of ROS was measured using CellROX Green staining and fluorescence microscopy. Cell viability was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Results: All cell… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Wei-Ting Hsueh1,#, Kwang-Yu Chang1,2,3,#, Chin-Chuan Tsai4,5, Kuan-Tso Chen5,6, Kuen-Jang Tsai7, Zi-Xuan Hong8, Chan-Chuan Liu2, Jui-Mei Chu2, Li-Ying Qiu2, Yu-Yan Lan8, Chia-Hung Chien8,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071258
Abstract Objectives: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a prevalent malignant brain tumor prone to drug resistance. We previously found a strong correlation between SH3 domain GRB2-like endophilin B1 (SH3GLB1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), which converts O2 to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Prior studies show that H2O2 redox signaling is vital for physiological processes and can drive tumor progression. Therefore, we aim to define how H2O2 signaling regulates SH3GLB1 and AKT (protein kinase B) pathways in GBM and to assess whether modulating H2O2 reverses temozolomide (TMZ) resistance. Methods: We used cultured cells and pharmacological inhibitors and activators to confirm the significance of… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiaoyu Zhang1,#, RenFei Zong1,#, Yan Sun1, Nan Chen2, Kunyao Zhu1, Hang Tong1, Tinghao Li1, Junlong Zhu1, Zijia Qin1, Linfeng Wu1, Aimin Wang1, Weiyang He1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072084
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Signaling Pathway Crosstalk in Malignant Tumors: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics)
Abstract Objective: While cisplatin-based chemotherapy is pivotal for advanced bladder cancer, acquired resistance remains a major obstacle. This study investigates key molecular drivers of this resistance and potential reversal strategies. Methods: We established GC (Gemcitabine and Cisplatin)-resistant T24-R and UC3-R cell lines from T24 and UM-UC-3 (UC3) cells. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified differentially expressed molecules. Apoptosis and cell viability were assessed by flow cytometry and CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) assays, while RT-qPCR (Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) and Western blot analyzed gene and protein expression. Immunofluorescence evaluated FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) phosphorylation, and a… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Marcia Eduarda Viana Luna1,2, Gustavo Jacob Lourenço2, Juliana Carron2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072133
Abstract This literature review explores the complex interaction between p53 and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer (BC), the most common and lethal tumor type among women. BC is a multifactorial disease resulting from a combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations in cell DNA, influencing proliferation, differentiation, and migration. TP53 gene, which codifies p53 protein, is a known tumor suppressor, and it plays an important role in cell maintenance as DNA repair, cell proliferation control, and apoptosis activation. TP53 expression can be modulated by several miRNAs, as miR-30c, miR-34a, and the miR-200 family, More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Sha Hu1,2,#, Wenjing Wang1,#, Qianfang Hu3,#, Rujuan Zheng1,2, Qinghe Huang1,2, Hui Shi1,2, Xinyuan Ding3,*, Wenjuan Wang1,2,*, Zengyan Zhu1,2,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068967
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Pharmacology)
Abstract Objectives: Acquired resistance to paclitaxel represents a critical barrier to the effective chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular and pharmacological mechanisms promoting paclitaxel resistance in NSCLC and to explore potential strategies for overcoming this resistance. Methods: Here, we report an integrated pharmacological and analytical approach to quantify paclitaxel disposition and overcome resistance in a A549/TAX cell model (paclitaxel-resistant A549 cells). Results: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation, and apoptosis assays confirmed that A549/TAX cells exhibited marked resistance to paclitaxel relative to parental A549 cells. Based on… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xinyang Li1,2,3,#, Luyuan Ma1,2,3,#, Chuan Shen1,2,3, Ruolan Gu1,2,3, Shilong Dong1,2,3, Mingjie Liu1,2,3, Ying Xiao1,2,3, Wenpeng Liu1,2,3, Yuexia Liu1,2,3, Caiyan Zhao1,2,3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073179
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Insights into Cancer Progression and Therapeutics)
Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy. Metabolic reprogramming dynamically remodels the tumor microenvironment (TME) and drives HCC progression. This study investigated the mechanism through which metabolic reprogramming remodels the TME in HCC. Methods: HCC patient transcriptome data were subjected to bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed genes and immune infiltration status. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA) expression and M2 macrophage infiltration. SDHA-knockdown or SDHA-overexpressing HCC cells were used for in vitro experiments, including co-culturing, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Tena Šimunjak1,*, Bernardica Jurić2, Andro Košec3,4, Vladimir Bedeković3,4
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072100
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Head and Neck Cancer: Cutting-Edge Treatments and Future Directions)
Abstract Background: Collision medullary and papillary thyroid carcinoma (MTC/PTC) is a rare entity, constituting less than 1% of all thyroid malignancies. The concurrent presence of these malignancies in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, such as Graves’ disease, is even more uncommon. Calcitonin (Ctn) is considered one of the key MTC biomarkers. Mixed tumors may alter this relationship. Case Description: We report the case of a 55-year-old female with a history of Graves’ disease, who underwent total thyroidectomy for persistent dysthyroid orbitopathy. Histopathological analysis revealed a 9-mm collision MTC/PTC tumor in the left thyroid lobe, confirmed through More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Hyung Seok Kim1,#, Ju A Son2,#, Minji Kang3,4,#, Soon Sun Kim3, Geum Ok Baek3, Moon Gyeong Yoon3, Se Ha Jang3,4, Dokyung Jung5, Ji Eun Han3, Jae Youn Cheong3,*, Jung Woo Eun3,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070392
Abstract Objectives: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant challenge due to the limited sensitivity of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). This study aimed to assess serum-derived extracellular vesicle-encapsulated GULP PTB domain-containing engulfment adaptor 1 (EV-GULP1) as a novel, noninvasive biomarker for HCC detection and prognosis, leveraging the potential of tumor-specific molecules carried by small extracellular vesicles (EVs). Methods: The study utilized both internal and external cohorts of HCC patients and controls. Small EVs were isolated from serum samples, then characterized and validated to confirm their identity. The expression levels of EV-GULP1 were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Huan Zhang1,#, Zhangwendi Xu1,#, Yien Xu1,#, Mao Li2, Lingrui Liu1, Caiyun He1,, Wenhuan Zhong1,, Jiliang Qiu1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073079
Abstract Objective: Ring finger protein 145 (RNF145), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its role in HCC remains unknown. The study aimed to investigate the functions and underlying mechanisms of RNF145 in HCC. Methods: The role of RNF145 in HCC was investigated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and in vitro experimental assays. Its oncogenic functions were assessed using the transwell migration assay and the wound-healing assay. The molecular mechanism was explored through protein immunoprecipitation and western blot analyses. Data from public databases were analyzed to correlate RNF145 expression… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Ping Wang1,2,#, Yan-Han Chen1,2,#, Ze-Tao Zhan1,2, Jun-Xiang Zeng1,2, Yu Chen3,4, Yuan Lin1,2, Tao Chen1,5,*, Wei-Jie Zhou1,2,5,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071902
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Innovations in Colorectal Cancer Research and Treatment)
Abstract Background: Thimerosal is a mercury-containing preservative widely used in vaccines. This study aimed to investigate its potential antitumor effects and mechanisms in solid malignancies, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC) and melanoma. Methods: A combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches was employed. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, ATP viability, Western blotting, flow cytometry, wound-healing and Transwell assays. Subcutaneous, lung metastases, and Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated CRC models were established to examine antitumor efficacy and safety. The functional role of mercury ions was validated using structural… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Ruoxue Cai1,#, Shuyi Hu2,#, Feiyang Li2, Huanhuan Sha3,*, Guoren Zhou2,*, Ying Fang3
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070893
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
Abstract Objective: To determine whether immunotherapy can bring new hope for patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate whether immunotherapy can achieve better efficacy in LS-SCLC patients. Methods: We evaluated 122 LS-SCLC patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or sequential chemoradiotherapy (SCRT) (Group A) and immunotherapy combined with CCRT/SCRT followed by immunotherapy (Group B), to assess the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and progression-free survival (PFS). Factors affecting prognosis were also explored using Cox analysis. The prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes and patients with… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zhilong He1,#, Jing Qin1,#, Sixuan Wu2,#, Xian Liang1, Yu Liu1, Jinfeng Qiu1, Zhimin Li2,*, Kai Hu1,*
Oncology Research, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070567
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Long noncoding RNAs as Tumorigenic Drivers and Therapeutic Targets)
Abstract Objective: The contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with protein palmitoylation to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unclear. This study sought to establish a prognostic signature based on palmitoylation-related lncRNAs and explore their functional implications in HCC. Methods: RNA sequencing and clinical data for HCC and normal tissues were sourced from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify lncRNAs that were co-expressed with palmitoylation-related genes. Univariate Cox regression was applied to select lncRNAs with prognostic value, followed by the construction of a predictive model using the… More >
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