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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 7th-most frequent cancer worldwide, with alcohol, tobacco, and HPV infection as key risk factors. Progress regarding therapeutic options is limited, and outcome remains unsatisfactory. In the past two decades, omics methods have greatly advanced our understanding of the biology of malignant diseases, including HNSCC. Most recently, methodological advances have established single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics as novel and game-changing tools. A review in the current issue highlights the contributions of these methods to deciphering the complex nature of the emergence, progression, intra-tumoral heterogeneity and cell-cell communication, and therapeutic responses of HNSCC.

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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    New perspectives on biology, disease progression, and therapy response of head and neck cancer gained from single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics

    GERWIN HELLER1,*, THORSTEN FUEREDER1, ALEXANDER MICHAEL GRANDITS1, ROTRAUD WIESER1,2,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 1-17, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.044774 - 15 November 2023
    Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. The main risk factors are consumption of tobacco products and alcohol, as well as infection with human papilloma virus. Approved therapeutic options comprise surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy through epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition, and immunotherapy, but outcome has remained unsatisfactory due to recurrence rates of ~50% and the frequent occurrence of second primaries. The availability of the human genome sequence at the beginning of the millennium heralded the omics era, in which rapid technological progress has advanced our knowledge… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    Recent updates on nano-phyto-formulations based therapeutic intervention for cancer treatment

    ABHISHEK WAHI1, MAMTA BISHNOI2, NEHA RAINA1, MEGHNA AMRITA SINGH1, PIYUSH VERMA1, PIYUSH KUMAR GUPTA3,4, GINPREET KAUR5, HARDEEP SINGH TULI6,*, MADHU GUPTA1,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 19-47, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042228 - 15 November 2023
    Abstract Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, with limited treatment options and several limitations. Chemotherapeutic agents often result in toxicity which long-term conventional treatment. Phytochemicals are natural constituents that are more effective in treating various diseases with less toxicity than the chemotherapeutic agents providing alternative therapeutic approaches to minimize the resistance. These phytoconstituents act in several ways and deliver optimum effectiveness against cancer. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of phyto-formulations in the management of cancers may be constrained due to challenges related to inadequate solubility, bioavailability, and stability. Nanotechnology presents a promising avenue for transforming current… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Recent updates on nano-phyto-formulations based therapeutic intervention for cancer treatment

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    Opportunities and challenges of CD47-targeted therapy in cancer immunotherapy

    QIUQIANG CHEN1,*, XUEJUN GUO2, WENXUE MA3,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 49-60, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042383 - 15 November 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy)
    Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) playing a pivotal role in modulating the immune response. CD47, a cell surface protein, has been identified as a crucial regulator of the TME and a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. However, the precise functions and implications of CD47 in the TME during immunotherapy for cancer patients remain incompletely understood. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of CD47’s multifaced role in TME regulation and immune evasion, elucidating its impact on various types of immunotherapy… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Opportunities and challenges of CD47-targeted therapy in cancer immunotherapy

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    Application of exosomal miRNA mediated macrophage polarization in colorectal cancer: Current progress and challenges

    YUN ZHANG1,2,#, SHALING TANG1,2,#, YUBO GAO1,2, ZHONGTING LU1,2, YUAN YANG1,2, JING CHEN3, TAO LI4,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 61-71, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.043481 - 15 November 2023
    Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical resection is the main treatment for early-stage CRC, but detecting it early is challenging. Therefore, effective therapeutic targets for advanced patients are still lacking. Exosomes, tiny vesicles in body fluids, play a crucial role in tumor metastasis, immune regulation, and drug resistance. Interestingly, they can even serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Studies have shown that exosomes can carry miRNA, mediate the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages, promote the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, and affect More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Application of exosomal miRNA mediated macrophage polarization in colorectal cancer: Current progress and challenges

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    Biological, pathological, and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

    VIGNESH BALAJI E1, DIVYA RAMESH2, MANISHA CHUNGAN SHAJU3, AKSHARA KUMAR4, SAMYAK PANDEY1, RAKSHA NAYAK1, V. ALKA5, SRISHTI MUNJAL6, AMIR SALIMI7, K. SREEDHARA RANGANATH PAI1,*, SHANKAR M. BAKKANNAVAR2
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 73-94, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030401 - 15 November 2023
    Abstract Exosomes, small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human body. It is considered a “double-edged sword”, and depending on its biological source, the action of exosomes varies under physiological conditions. Also, the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome source. Moreover, the uptake of exosomes from the recipients’ cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological actions. There are different mechanisms More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Biological, pathological, and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    COMMENTARY

    Game-changing insights on vertebral skeletal stem cells in bone metastasis and therapeutic horizons

    QIUQIANG CHEN1,*, XIAOLEI ZHAO2, WENXUE MA3,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 95-98, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.046174 - 15 November 2023
    Abstract Greenblatt and his team have unveiled vertebral skeletal stem cells (vSSCs) as a critical player in the landscape of bone metastasis. This commentary delves into the transformative discoveries surrounding vSSCs, emphasizing their distinct role in bone metastasis compared to other stem cell lineages. We illuminate the unique properties and functions of vSSCs, which may account for the elevated susceptibility of vertebral bones to metastatic invasion. Furthermore, we explore the exciting therapeutic horizons opened by this newfound understanding. These include potential interventions targeting vSSCs, modulation of associated signaling pathways, and broader implications for the treatment and More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Game-changing insights on vertebral skeletal stem cells in bone metastasis and therapeutic horizons

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    EDITORIAL

    Editorial: Transcriptome analysis in tumor microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity

    JINHUI LIU1,*, JIAHENG XIE2,*, PEIXIN DONG3
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 99-100, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.045719 - 15 November 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Transcriptome Analysis in Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Heterogeneity)
    Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Targeted anti-tumor synergistic effects of Myc decoy oligodeoxynucleotides-loaded selenium nanostructure combined with chemoradiotherapy on LNCaP prostate cancer cells

    ROGHAYEH GHORBANI1, MAHMOUD GHARBAVI2, ALI SHARAFI3,4, ELHAM RISMANI5, HAMED REZAEEJAM6, YOUSEF MORTAZAVI1,*, BEHROOZ JOHARI3,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 101-125, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.044741 - 15 November 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Therapeutics)
    Abstract In the present study, we investigated the synergistic effects of targeted methotrexate-selenium nanostructure containing Myc decoy oligodeoxynucleotides along with X-irradiation exposure as a combination therapy on LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Myc decoy ODNs were designed based on the promoter of Bcl-2 gene and analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics assays. ODNs were loaded on the synthesized Se@BSA@Chi-MTX nanostructure. The physicochemical characteristics of nanostructures were determined by FTIR, DLS, UV-vis, TEM, EDX, in vitro release, and hemolysis tests. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity properties of them with and without X-irradiation were investigated by uptake, MTT, cell cycle, apoptosis, and… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Targeted anti-tumor synergistic effects of Myc decoy oligodeoxynucleotides-loaded selenium nanostructure combined with chemoradiotherapy on LNCaP prostate cancer cells

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    ELK3-ID4 axis governs the metastatic features of triple negative breast cancer

    JIN-HO CHOI, JOO DONG PARK, SEUNG HEE CHOI, EUN-SU KO, HYE JUNG JANG, KYUNG-SOON PARK*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 127-138, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042945 - 15 November 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cancer Metastasis)
    Abstract Purpose: Cancer cell metastasis is a multistep process, and the mechanism underlying extravasation remains unclear. ELK3 is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes, including cancer metastasis. Based on the finding that ELK3 promotes the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we investigated whether ELK3 regulates the extravasation of TNBC by forming the ELK3-ID4 axis. ID4 functions as a transcriptional regulator that interacts with other transcription factors, inhibiting their activity and subsequently influencing various biological processes associated with cell differentiation, survival, growth, and metastasis. Methods: We assessed the correlation… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    ELK3-ID4 axis governs the metastatic features of triple negative breast cancer

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Cisplatin-induced activation of TGF-β signaling contributes to drug resistance

    SAYAKA IMATSUJI1,#, YUKIKO UJIE1,#, HIROYUKI ODAKE1, MASAYA IMOTO1,2, SUSUMU ITOH3, ETSU TASHIRO1,3,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 139-150, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030190 - 15 November 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Approach from Chemical Biology for Cancer Research)
    Abstract Growing evidence suggests an association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a hallmark of tumor malignancy, and chemoresistance to a number of anti-cancer drugs. However, the mechanism of EMT induction in the process of acquiring anti-cancer drug resistance remains unclear. To address this issue, we obtained a number of cisplatin-resistant clones from LoVo cells and found that almost all of them lost cell-cell contacts. In these clones, the epithelial marker E-cadherin was downregulated, whereas the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin was upregulated. Moreover, the expression of EMT-related transcription factors, including Slug, was elevated. On the other hand, the upregulation More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    TonEBP expression is essential in the IL-1β–induced migration and invasion of human A549 lung cancer cells

    HEE JU SONG, TAEHEE KIM, HAN NA CHOI, SOO JIN KIM, SANG DO LEE*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 151-161, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030690 - 15 November 2023
    Abstract Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancers, in part because it readily metastasizes. The tumor microenvironment, comprising blood vessels, fibroblasts, immune cells, and macrophages [including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)], is closely related to cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion. TAMs secrete several cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, which participate in cancer migration and invasion. p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), an important signaling molecule, induces cell migration and invasion in several carcinomas. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) is also known to participate in cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion. However, the mechanisms by which it increases lung… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    TonEBP expression is essential in the IL-1β–induced migration and invasion of human A549 lung cancer cells

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Aldo-keto reductase family member C3 (AKR1C3) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth by producing prostaglandin F2α

    KUO-SHYANG JENG1, PO-YU CHENG2, YUEH-HSIEN LIN2, PO-CHUN LIU2, PING-HUI TSENG3, YU-CHAO WANG4, CHIUNG-FANG CHANG5, CHUEN-MIIN LEU2,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 163-174, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030975 - 15 November 2023
    Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease, but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chemotherapy. Therefore, new therapeutic targets are needed. We analyzed gene expression profiles between HCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues from public databases and found that the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was significantly different. The analysis showed that AKR1C3 was upregulated in tumors, and high AKR1C3 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients. In vitro, assays demonstrated that… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Inhibition of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth by melatonin: Studies with micro-CT

    SEHER YILMAZ1,2,*, ZÜLEYHA DOĞANYIĞIT3, MERT OCAK4, EVRIM SUNA ARIKAN SÖYLEMEZ5, ASLI OKAN OFLAMAZ3, SÜMEYYE UÇAR6, ŞÜKRÜ ATEŞ1, AMMAD AHMAD FAROOQI7
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 175-185, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042350 - 15 November 2023
    Abstract Melatonin is a versatile indolamine synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland in response to the photoperiodic information received by the retinohypothalamic signaling pathway. Melatonin has many benefits, such as organizing circadian rhythms and acting as a powerful hormone. We aimed to show the antitumor effects of melatonin in both in vivo and in vitro models through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the Argyrophilic Nucleolar Regulatory Region (AgNOR), using the Microcomputed Tomography (Micro CT). Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were administered into the mice by subcutaneous injection. Animals with solid tumors were injected… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Inhibition of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth by melatonin: Studies with micro-CT

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Identification of tumor-suppressor genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma through integrated bioinformatics analyses

    HENG LI1,#, YOUMING LEI3,#, GAOFENG LI1, YUNCHAO HUANG2,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 187-197, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030656 - 15 November 2023
    Abstract Lung cancer is a prevalent malignancy, and fatalities of the disease exceed 400,000 cases worldwide. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has been recognized as the most common pathological form of lung cancer. The comprehensive understanding of molecular features related to LUSC progression has great significance in LUSC prognosis assessment and clinical management. In this study, we aim to identify a panel of signature genes closely associated with LUSC, which can provide novel insights into the progression of LUSC. Gene expression profiles were retrieved from public resources including gene expression omnibus (GEO) and the cancer genome… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A prognosis model for predicting immunotherapy response of esophageal cancer based on oxidative stress-related signatures

    JING GUO1, CHANGYONG TONG1, JIANGUANG SHI1, XINJIAN LI1, XUEQIN CHEN2,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 199-212, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030969 - 15 November 2023
    Abstract Oxidative stress (OS) is intimately associated with tumorigenesis and has been considered a potential therapeutic strategy. However, the OS-associated therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unconfirmed. In our study, gene expression data of ESCC and clinical information from public databases were downloaded. Through LASSO-Cox regression analysis, a risk score (RS) signature map of prognosis was constructed and performed external verification with the GSE53625 cohort. The ESTIMATE, xCell, CIBERSORT, TIMER, and ImmuCellAI algorithms were employed to analyze infiltrating immune cells and generate an immune microenvironment (IM). Afterward, functional enrichment analysis clarified the underlying… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Silencing of peroxiredoxin 2 suppresses proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and induces senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma

    XUEGANG YANG1,#, XIANHONG XIANG2,3,#, GUOHUI XU1, SHI ZHOU3, TIANZHI AN3,4,*, ZHI HUANG3,4,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 213-226, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030768 - 15 November 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA Damage in Tumor Immunological Responses)
    Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common malignancy worldwide, still lacks effective clinical treatment. The study aimed to investigate the oncogenes that affect the progression of HCC and their possible mechanisms. In our study, we initially confirmed a higher level of PRDX2 in the bile of HCC patients compared to those with choledocholithiasis by 2-DE, LC-MS, and ELISA. Subsequently, we demonstrated the high expression of peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) in HCC based on the TCGA database and clinical sample analysis. Furthermore, PRDX2 overexpression enhanced the viability of HCC cells. And PRDX2 silencing induced senescence of HCC cells. In vivo, More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Transient receptor potential channels as predictive marker and potential indicator of chemoresistance in colon cancer

    WEI HU1,#, THOMAS WARTMANN2,#, MARCO STRECKER2, ARISTOTELIS PERRAKIS2, ROLAND CRONER2, ARPAD SZALLASI3, WENJIE SHI2,*, ULF D. KAHLERT2,*
    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 227-239, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.043053 - 15 November 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Transcriptome Analysis in Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Heterogeneity)
    Abstract Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are strongly associated with colon cancer development and progression. This study leveraged a multivariate Cox regression model on publicly available datasets to construct a TRP channels-associated gene signature, with further validation of signature in real world samples from our hospital treated patient samples. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate this gene signature’s predictive accuracy and robustness in both training and testing cohorts, respectively. Additionally, the study utilized the CIBERSORT algorithm and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis to explore the signature’s immune infiltration… More >

    Graphic Abstract

    Transient receptor potential channels as predictive marker and potential indicator of chemoresistance in colon cancer

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