Open Access
ARTICLE
ELK3-ID4 axis governs the metastatic features of triple negative breast cancer
JIN-HO CHOI, JOO DONG PARK, SEUNG HEE CHOI, EUN-SU KO, HYE JUNG JANG, KYUNG-SOON PARK*
Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
* Corresponding Author: KYUNG-SOON PARK. Email:
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cancer Metastasis)
Oncology Research 2024, 32(1), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2023.042945
Received 17 June 2023; Accepted 08 September 2023; Issue published 15 November 2023
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer cell metastasis is a multistep process, and the mechanism underlying extravasation remains unclear. ELK3 is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes, including cancer metastasis. Based on the finding that ELK3 promotes the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we investigated whether ELK3 regulates the extravasation of TNBC by forming the ELK3-ID4 axis. ID4 functions as a transcriptional regulator that interacts with other transcription factors, inhibiting their activity and subsequently influencing various biological processes associated with cell differentiation, survival, growth, and metastasis.
Methods: We assessed the correlation between the expression of ELK3 and that of ID4 in TNBCs using bioinformatics analyses, QRT-PCR, western blot analysis, luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Migration, adhesion, invasion, and lung metastasis assays were employed to determine whether the ELK3-ID4 axis regulates the metastatic features of TNBC.
Results: We found that ELK3 binds directly to a binding motif close to the ID4 promoter to repress promoter activity. The expression of E-cadherin in TNBC was regulated by the ELK3-ID4 axis.
In vitro and
in vivo analyses showed that inhibiting ID4 expression in ELK3-knockdown MDA-MB-231 (ELK3KD) cells restored the ability to extravasate and metastasize.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the ELK3 regulates ID4 promoter activity, and that the ELK3-ID4 axis regulates the metastatic characteristics of TNBC cells. Additionally, the data suggest that the ELK3-ID4 axis regulates metastasis of TNBCs by modulating expression of E-cadherin.
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Cite This Article
APA Style
CHOI, J., PARK, J.D., CHOI, S.H., KO, E., JANG, H.J. et al. (2024). ELK3-ID4 axis governs the metastatic features of triple negative breast cancer. Oncology Research, 32(1), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2023.042945
Vancouver Style
CHOI J, PARK JD, CHOI SH, KO E, JANG HJ, PARK K. ELK3-ID4 axis governs the metastatic features of triple negative breast cancer. Oncol Res. 2024;32(1):127-138 https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2023.042945
IEEE Style
J. CHOI, J.D. PARK, S.H. CHOI, E. KO, H.J. JANG, and K. PARK "ELK3-ID4 axis governs the metastatic features of triple negative breast cancer," Oncol. Res., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 127-138. 2024. https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2023.042945