Saba Awan¹, Zahid Mehmood^2,*, Hassan Nazeer Chaudhry³, Usman Tariq⁴, Amjad Rehman⁵, Tanzila Saba⁵, Muhammad Rashid⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 4609-4626, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019404

Abstract To determine the individual circumstances that account for a road traffic accident, it is crucial to consider the unplanned connections amongst various factors related to a crash that results in high casualty levels. Analysis of the road accident data concentrated mainly on categorizing accidents into different types using individually built classification methods which limit the prediction accuracy and fitness of the model. In this article, we proposed a multi-model hybrid framework of the weighted majority voting (WMV) scheme with parallel structure, which is designed by integrating individually implemented multinomial logistic regression (MLR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifiers using three different… More >

Mamoona Humayun¹, NZ Jhanjhi^2,*, Maram Fahhad Almufareh¹, Muhammad Ibrahim Khalil³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 5039-5059, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019289

Abstract Security is critical to the success of software, particularly in today's fast-paced, technology-driven environment. It ensures that data, code, and services maintain their CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability). This is only possible if security is taken into account at all stages of the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle). Various approaches to software quality have been developed, such as CMMI (Capability maturity model integration). However, there exists no explicit solution for incorporating security into all phases of SDLC. One of the major causes of pervasive vulnerabilities is a failure to prioritize security. Even the most proactive companies use the “patch and… More >

S. G. Siddharth^1,*, G. M. Tamilselvan², C. Venkatesh³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 5219-5234, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019252

Abstract In underground operation, primary consideration is safety. In recent decades, for minimizing accident and for preventing major economic losses and casualties, wireless sensors are used by various large mineral countries through early warning. The Improved DV-Hop Localization Algorithm (IDVHLA) is used in existing works for doing this. However, accurate anchor node detection is impossible in existing works with the malicious nodes presence, where there won't be any accurate sharing of anchor node's location information. In case of emergency situation, faster communication is a highly complex one. A technique called Modified Distance Vector Hop based Multipath Routing Protocol (MDVHMRP) is introduced… More >

Harsh Goud¹, Prakash Chandra Sharma², Kashif Nisar³, Ag. Asri Ag. Ibrahim^3,*, Muhammad Reazul Haque⁴, Narendra Singh Yadav², Pankaj Swarnkar⁵, Manoj Gupta⁶, Laxmi Chand⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 4409-4423, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019217

Abstract CSTR (Continuous stirred tank reactor) is employed in process control and chemical industries to improve response characteristics and system efficiency. It has a highly nonlinear characteristic that includes complexities in its control and design. Dynamic performance is compassionate to change in system parameters which need more effort for planning a significant controller for CSTR. The reactor temperature changes in either direction from the defined reference value. It is important to note that the intensity of chemical actions inside the CSTR is dependent on the various levels of temperature, and deviation from reference values may cause degradation of biomass quality. Design… More >

Ahmed Hammoodi¹, Lukman Audah¹ , Laith Al-Jobouri^2,*, Mazin Abed Mohammed³, Mustafa S. Aljumaily⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 2721-2738, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020091

Abstract OFDM based waveforms are considered as the main part of the latest cellular communications standard (namely 5G). Many inherited problems from the OFDM-Based LTE are still under investigation. Getting rid of the out of band emissions is one of these problems. Ensuring low out of band emission (OOBE) is deemed as one of the most critical challenges to support development of future technologies such as 6G and beyond. Universal Filtered Multi Carrier (UFMC) has been considered as one of the candidate waveforms for the 5G communications due to its robustness against Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) and the Inter Symbol Interference… More >

Arif Husen^1,2, Abid Soahil^1,*, Mohammad Hijji², Muhammad Hasanain Chaudary¹, Farooq Ahmed¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3479-3495, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023840

Abstract The smart vehicles are one of critical enablers for automated services in smart cities to provide intelligent transportation means without human intervention. In order to fulfil requirements, Vehicle-to-Anything(V2X) communications aims to manage massive connectivity and high traffic load on base stations and extend the range over multiple hops in 5G networks. However, V2X networking faces several challenges from dynamic topology caused by high velocity of nodes and routing overhead that degrades the network performance and increases energy consumption. The existing routing scheme for V2X networking lacks energy efficiency and scalability for high velocity nodes with dense distribution. In order to… More >

Sung Park^1,*, Seongeon Park², Mincheol Whang²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3761-3784, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023738

Abstract Artificial entities, such as virtual agents, have become more pervasive. Their long-term presence among humans requires the virtual agent's ability to express appropriate emotions to elicit the necessary empathy from the users. Affective empathy involves behavioral mimicry, a synchronized co-movement between dyadic pairs. However, the characteristics of such synchrony between humans and virtual agents remain unclear in empathic interactions. Our study evaluates the participant's behavioral synchronization when a virtual agent exhibits an emotional expression congruent with the emotional context through facial expressions, behavioral gestures, and voice. Participants viewed an emotion-eliciting video stimulus (negative or positive) with a virtual agent. The… More >

Jinho Han^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3747-3759, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023683

Abstract Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been successfully employed in the field of image classification. However, CNN trained using images from several years ago may be unable to identify how such images have changed over time. Cross-age face recognition is, therefore, a substantial challenge. Several efforts have been made to resolve facial changes over time utilizing recurrent neural networks (RNN) with CNN. The structure of RNN contains hidden contextual information in a hidden state to transfer a state in the previous step to the next step. This paper proposes a novel model called Hidden State-CNN (HSCNN). This adds to CNN a… More >

Ashit Kumar Dutta¹, S. Srinivasan², Bobbili Prasada Rao³, B. Hemalatha⁴, Irina V. Pustokhina⁵, Denis A. Pustokhin⁶, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi^7,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3785-3801, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023657

Abstract In current days, the domain of Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are combined for enhancing the sensor related data transmission in the forthcoming networking applications. Clustering and routing techniques are treated as the effective methods highly used to attain reduced energy consumption and lengthen the lifetime of the WSN assisted IoT networks. In this view, this paper presents an Ensemble of Metaheuristic Optimization based QoS aware Clustering with Multihop Routing (EMO-QoSCMR) Protocol for IoT assisted WSN. The proposed EMO-QoSCMR protocol aims to achieve QoS parameters such as energy, throughput, delay, and lifetime. The proposed model involves… More >

Omaima Bamasaq¹, Daniyal Alghazzawi², Surbhi Bhatia³, Pankaj Dadheech^4,*, Farrukh Arslan⁵, Sudhakar Sengan⁶, Syed Hamid Hassan²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 4051-4068, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023634

Abstract Applications based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have shown to be quite useful in monitoring a particular geographic area of interest. Relevant geometries of the surrounding environment are essential to establish a successful WSN topology. But it is literally hard because constructing a localization algorithm that tracks the exact location of Sensor Nodes (SN) in a WSN is always a challenging task. In this research paper, Distance Matrix and Markov Chain (DM-MC) model is presented as node localization technique in which Distance Matrix and Estimation Matrix are used to identify the position of the node. The method further employs a… More >