Yixuan Wang¹, Yanchao Li¹, Qiang Feng¹, Haicheng Sun², Guchang Zhang³, Zhiming Zhao¹, Jianfeng Xiao¹, Jingyun Huang¹, Tiankui Guo^3,*

Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.076849

Abstract Achieving uniform proppant distribution among multiple perforation clusters is essential for the effectiveness of horizontal well fracturing, yet remains challenging due to complex solid-liquid transport mechanisms. This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation using Computational Fluid Dynamics to analyze proppant transport heterogeneity in a full-scale 90-m horizontal wellbore with five perforation clusters. An Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model is employed to simulate proppant transport and settling in the wellbore and perforations. The effects of key operational and geometric parameters—including injection rate, proppant concentration and size, fluid viscosity and phase angle—are systematically evaluated. Results demonstrate that flow rate… More >

Fabiano Thulu, Zeyun Wu^*

Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.076328

Abstract Real-time prediction of temperature distribution in the pressurizer walls of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) during severe accidents, such as Station Blackout (SBO) and Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA) is vital for structural integrity assessment. However, conventional thermal-hydraulic simulations used for such predictions are computationally intensive, limiting their applicability for real-time analysis. This study develops and compares three surrogate models: Polynomial Regression, Deep Neural Network (DNN), and a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN). Thermal-hydraulic simulation data generated by RELAP5-3D are integrated with physics-constrained learning techniques to model transient heat conduction in the pressurizer wall. The internal wall temperature evolution… More >

Zhongjin Shi^#, Zhe Zang^#, Chong Wang^#, Yue Yang^*

Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.074923

Abstract To address the critical challenges of power fluctuations and the imperative for efficient reactive power optimization in distribution networks with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration, this study proposes an innovative solution: a robust reactive power optimization approach that integrates VMD-LSTM-based PV power forecasting with the advanced Lion Swarm Optimization (LSO) algorithm. The methodology commences by employing Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) to decompose the PV power sequence into distinct modal components in a seamless manner. Each modal component is subsequently modeled using a dedicated forecasting framework built on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, with the LSO algorithm… More >

Hongbo Liu, Jingzhou Zhu, Li Sun^*, Fanjun Zeng

Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.075768

Abstract This paper tackles the challenge of balancing computational efficiency with analytical rigor in Probabilistic Power Flow (PPF) analysis for power systems with integrated wind power. We propose an enhanced steady-state security region (SSR) assessment method based on PPF theory. The methodology first employs a hybrid Monte Carlo technique that integrates Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) with Importance Sampling (IS) to compute and analyze the probabilistic power flow distribution. This hybrid strategy ensures comprehensive global coverage while intensively sampling critical risk regions, thereby improving both computational efficiency and accuracy. Subsequently, a fast-search model for the SSR is… More >

Melita Srpak¹, Darko Pavlovic², Predrag Brlek^3,*, Nikola Kozul³

Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.075211

Abstract Discussions about the future of energy sources and environmental sustainability are becoming critical on a global scale. The energy sector plays a central role in the economy, as the availability and cost of energy influence the competitiveness of economies, while the level of energy consumption impacts the standard of living for individuals. This paper aims to examine environmental challenges and steps for a sustainable transition towards a hydrogen economy, focusing on its potential as an alternative to fossil fuels and the importance of developing the hydrogen paradigm. The research methodology is based on a combination… More >

Xiaoming Yu¹, Peng Wang¹, Jun Wang¹, Zhijun Chen¹, Ke Zhang¹, Duicheng Zhao², Jiapeng Shen², Chuyang Wang^2,*, Li Zhang²

Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.073475

Abstract Electrolytic capacitors in Modular Multilevel Converter-based Unified Power Flow Controllers (MMC-UPFC) are prone to parameter degradation, significantly affecting system reliability. Accurate identification of their degradation parameters—capacitance (C) and equivalent series resistance (ESR)—is essential for equipment health management. This study proposes a non-intrusive degradation parameter identification method for electrolytic capacitors in MMC-UPFC full-bridge submodules based on digital twin technology and an improved intelligent optimization algorithm. First, the degradation mechanism of electrolytic capacitors under long-term operational conditions is systematically analyzed. Second, a high-fidelity digital twin model integrating the main circuit, sampling circuit, and modulation circuit of the… More >

Yihua Zhu¹, Chao Luo¹, Yuxia Tang¹, Renxin Yang^2,*

Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.075636

Abstract With the rapid development of renewable energy, the proportion of wind power generation in modern power systems has been steadily increasing. Benefiting from the high controllability of power electronic converters, wind energy can be efficiently transmitted to the grid through power conversion stages. However, the reliability of wind turbine systems is closely related to the thermal stress and degradation of power semiconductor devices. The diversity of actual operating conditions and the rapid fluctuations of grid load bring significant challenges to their safe and stable operation. To address these issues, this paper establishes an online electro-thermal… More >

Xuefeng Yang^1,2, Chunyu Ren^1,2, Deliang Zhang^1,2, Huaicai Fan^1,2, Yue Chen^1,2, Yue Yang^1,2, Yan Zhang^1,2, Shuai Wu^1,2, Baoyun Zhang^3,*, Xin Zhao³

Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.074956

Abstract In southern Sichuan’s deep shale gas development, multi-stage fractured horizontal wells are commonly used. Evaluating fracturing results is challenging due to complex fracture networks. This study classifies fracture systems into four types: single-wing, bi-wing, branched, and serial fractures. A discrete fracture model (DFM) combined with matrix-fracture flow is used to establish a single-stage well testing interpretation model. To address multi-solution issues in well testing, an equivalent fracture network model based on a trilinear flow model is proposed, adjusting crossflow coefficients and the fracture network volume ratio. The study finds significant differences in the pressure derivative More >

Kewen Li, Xiaoyong Yu, Shifeng Ou^*, Jueming Pan

Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073825

Abstract The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (e.g., wind and solar power) into distribution grids and the development of new, source–grid–load–storage coordinated power systems have led to a substantial expansion in the volume of situational awareness data in the distribution networks. Moreover, the transmission of low-voltage distribution measurement data via a power line carrier (PLC) is often susceptible to packet loss and, consequently, data gaps. To address these issues, this paper proposes a data completion method using a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) integrated with a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN). This approach leverages the… More >

Xiang Xiao, Peng Zhang^*, Yuan Yuan, Zhiyuan Feng, Kui Hu, Yuan Xu, Yunhuang Zhang, Guoming Liu

Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.073741

Abstract As a promising solution to the challenges of future clean and reliable energy supply, the Gas-Cooled Micro-Reactor (GCMR) has attracted increasing attention due to its potential for decentralized power generation, carbon-free operation, and flexible deployment in remote or extreme environments. As a novel reactor concept, the GCMR offers advantages such as compact size, inherent safety, and high thermal efficiency. However, conventional core calculation methods face significant challenges due to the complex geometric configurations, heterogeneous material distribution, and pronounced neutron leakage characteristics of the GCMR. This study proposes a diffusion-based homogenization method for GCMR analysis. First,… More >