Wei Tong^1,2, Chuyi Peng², Yugang Zhao^3,4,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.087420 - 31 August 2026

Abstract The relentless pursuit of higher performance in electronics, driven by the demands of artificial intelligence and high-performance computing, has led to unprecedented power densities that exceed the capabilities of conventional cooling methods. This comprehensive review examines the landscape of electronic cooling technologies, spanning from fundamental heat generation mechanisms to state-of-the-art thermal management strategies. We analyze twelve distinct cooling technologies across the full performance spectrum, from conventional air cooling and heat pipes to advanced microchannel heat sinks, jet impingement, spray cooling, immersion cooling, and AI-optimized intelligent thermal management, comparing their heat transfer coefficients (10–250,000 W/m²·K), critical More >

Jumpei Hatakeyama^1,2,*, Takashi Fukue², Hidemi Shirakawa¹, Yasuhiro Sugimoto²

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.086397 - 31 August 2026

Abstract This paper describes a pin fin spacing designed to maximize forced convection heat transfer performance by combining pulsating flow with a pin fin array. With the recent miniaturization and high-density packaging of electronic equipment, thermal management has become a critical issue due to the increasing heat generation density. To address this challenge, we have focused on pulsating flow, commonly observed in blood circulation systems, and investigated its potential to enhance heat transfer. Previous studies have shown that pulsating flow enhances the overall heat transfer around heating elements and ribs by supplying low-temperature coolant to the… More >

Guofen Rui¹, Xiangyu Hu², Jingyu Cao^3,4,*, Yibo Zhang², Yangyang Zhu², Haifei Chen^1,2,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.086281 - 31 August 2026

Abstract Spectral beam splitting is a promising approach for thermally decoupling photovoltaic and photothermal processes in PV/T systems. However, existing liquid spectral splitters still suffer from insufficient short-wavelength absorption and/or the high cost of noble-metal nanoparticles. In this study, a water-based Cu@SiO₂ nanofluid was developed as a low-cost absorption/transmission spectral splitting filter for monocrystalline silicon PV/T systems. The full solar spectrum considered in this system covers both photovoltaic and thermal utilization, while 750–1000 nm was selected only as the target transmission window for the c-Si cell. This window was chosen because c-Si cells can effectively utilize this… More >

Kai Luo¹, Yifei Xie¹, Kun Chen¹, Haibing Chen^2,*, Wei Tang^1,*, Shaohua Bi³, Jirong Zhang³, Weifeng He³

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.084890 - 31 August 2026

Abstract The internal structure of porous media is strongly correlated with flow and thermal transport characteristics, which further influences the overall heat transfer performance of the entire system. Based on explicit structural representation, a three-dimensional numerical method for coupled flow and heat transfer in multi-layered porous sheet arrays is established, utilizing momentum source terms for porous media and a local thermal equilibrium heat transfer model. The impacts from porosity, inlet velocity, and heating power on the flow and heat transfer characteristics within the segment are systematically investigated, with the porosity range determined based on microstructural observations,… More >

Yuzhang Wang^1,2,*, Zhuning Liu¹, Haozhe Sun¹, Zhuo Li³, Kanru Cheng¹, Chaoran Yang¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.084530 - 31 August 2026

Abstract During the operation of a gas turbine, the surface morphology of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of the high temperature blades inevitably evolves due to sintering, particle deposition or other factors, leading to an increase in surface roughness. This altered roughness can significantly influence the flow behavior of cooling films and the heat transfer performance of the coupled cooling film-TBC system. In this work, the flow behavior and conjugate heat transfer between cooling film and TBC under varying surface roughness conditions were investigated using the double distribution function lattice Boltzmann method (DDF-LBM) coupled with large eddy… More >

Shiyu Yang, Yuanfang Lin, Yancong Qiao, Longfei Zhang, Haiyu Yu, Xianghua Xu^*, Xingang Liang^*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.084170 - 31 August 2026

Abstract The rapid increase in onboard heat loads has made aircraft thermal management a critical issue. As an important part of the fuel thermal management system (FTMS), the dynamic thermal characteristics of the engine oil system (EOS) directly determine temperature regulation and fuel heat sink utilization, necessitating further investigation. In this paper, a novel dynamic heat transfer model for the oil pump was firstly developed through temperature step experiments. Subsequently, a transient flow and heat transfer model of the oil loop was established using the thermal fluid network (TFN) method, and the influence of thermal inertia… More > Graphic Abstract

Yannian Zhang¹, Weilong Zhao², Haikun Zheng^3,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.083846 - 31 August 2026

Abstract Aiming at the frosting problem of heat exchanger with fins and tubes under low temperature and high humidity conditions, this study combines the single factor method with the Taguchi experimental method. A corrugated surface was used as the experimental object instead of a corrugated fin, and the frosting characteristics of corrugated surfaces with different structural parameters, including corrugation angle, corrugation depth, and corrugation distribution, were investigated. The Taguchi experimental method was further employed to evaluate the frosting performance of the corrugated surfaces. At the same frosting duration, the surface with a corrugated left section and… More >

Dawar Asfandyar Khan, Yanyu Chen, Haokang Zhang, Yu Wang^*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.083157 - 31 August 2026

Abstract Efficient thermal management of high heat flux systems is critical in modern electronic and energy devices. Spray cooling, with its high heat removal capability and uniform surface cooling, is widely recognized as an effective technique. Extensive studies have explored spray cooling using water and other working fluids, focusing on droplet dynamics, surface wetting, and heat transfer enhancement. However, the influence of low-concentration alcohol additives on spray cooling performance and evaporation dynamics remains insufficiently understood. This work systematically investigates the non-monotonic heat-transfer behaviour by varying spray height, flow rate, and heat input individually, focusing on the… More >

Jialei Jiang¹, Jiayuan Luo^2,3,*, Yan Su¹, Weiqiang Xiao¹, Jiajun Lu⁴, Haodong Liu⁵, Yuqi Huang²

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.083123 - 31 August 2026

Abstract Quantitative measurement of the high-speed gas-liquid-solid multiphase jets generated during the transient discharge of high-pressure vessels remains a significant challenge. Traditional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques often fail in these scenarios due to the intense self-luminous interference, high transient velocities, and the absence of pre-seeded tracer particles. To address these issues, this paper proposes a robust non-intrusive measurement scheme integrating an adaptive image enhancement strategy with an improved cross-correlation algorithm. First, a preprocessing framework combining Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and frequency-domain high-pass filtering is developed to suppress background noise and reconstruct fluid textures… More >

Peng Guan^*, Ming-Ran Li, Si-Bo-Wen Wang

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.082595 - 31 August 2026

Abstract This paper develops a thermomechanical optimization method for turbo guide vane (TGV) weight reduction under restrictive conditions and highly sensitive variables. The proposed method integrates a flow-thermo-structural model, orthogonal experimental design (OED), and an optimization framework based on response surface methodology (RSM) and a genetic algorithm (GA). To address both the plastic limit and temperature distribution of the TGV, a new parameter termed the stress ratio is introduced as a constraint during optimization. Six highly sensitive variables were selected from ten cooling channel diameters using OED. Simulation results based on the thermal-fluid coupling model were… More >