V. Balaji^*, P. Selvaraj

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.42, No.3, pp. 1289-1303, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.023609

Abstract Reliable transmission is vital to the success of the next generation of communications technologies and Fifth Generation (5G) networks. Many sensitive applications, such as eHealth and medical services, can benefit from a 5G network. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a new field that fosters the maintenance of trust among various IoMT Device to Device (D2D) modern technologies. In IoMT the medical devices have to be connected through a wireless network and constantly needs to be self-configured to provide consistent and efficient data transmission. The medical devices need to be connected with sophisticated protocols and architecture to handle the… More >

Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^1,2,*, Imran Khan³, Saleem Latteef Mohammed⁴, Huda Farooq Jameel⁴, Mohammad Alamgeer⁵, Ali M. Al-Sharafi⁶, Byung Seo Kim⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 1-15, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018469

Abstract With the rapid development of the next-generation mobile network, the number of terminal devices and applications is growing explosively. Therefore, how to obtain a higher data rate, wider network coverage and higher resource utilization in the limited spectrum resources has become the common research goal of scholars. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication technology and other frontier communication technologies have emerged. Device-to-Device communication technology is the technology that devices in proximity can communicate directly in cellular networks. It has become one of the key technologies of the fifth-generation mobile communications system(5G). D2D communication technology which is introduced into cellular networks can effectively improve… More >

Tanveer Ahmad¹, Imran Khan², Azeem Irshad³, Shafiq Ahmad⁴, Ahmed T. Soliman⁴, Akber Abid Gardezi⁵, Muhammad Shafiq^6,*, Jin-Ghoo Choi⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 6381-6394, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019787

Abstract The device-to-device (D2D) technology performs explicit communication between the terminal and the base station (BS) terminal, so there is no need to transmit data through the BS system. The establishment of a short-distance D2D communication link can greatly reduce the burden on the BS server. At present, D2D is one of the key technologies in 5G technology and has been studied in depth. D2D communication reuses the resources of cellular users to improve system key parameters like utilization and throughput. However, repeated use of the spectrum and coexistence of cellular users can cause co-channel interference. Aiming at the interference problem… More >

Abdul Kadir Hamid¹, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^2,3,*, Nadhem Nemri⁴, Ammar Zahary³, Imran Khan⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 2923-2936, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020309

Abstract With the emergence of 5G mobile multimedia services, end users’ demand for high-speed, low-latency mobile communication network access is increasing. Among them, the device-to-device (D2D) communication is one of the considerable technology. In D2D communication, the data does not need to be relayed and forwarded by the base station, but under the control of the base station, a direct local link is allowed between two adjacent mobile devices. This flexible communication mode reduces the processing bottlenecks and coverage blind spots of the base station, and can be widely used in dense user communication scenarios such as heterogeneous ultra-dense wireless networks.… More >

Abdul Kadir Hamid¹, Lamia Osman Widaa², Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^3,*, Imran Khan⁴, Anwer Mustafa Hilal⁵, Manar Ahmed Hamza⁵, Abu Sarwar Zaman⁵, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 3751-3762, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020136

Abstract The emergence of multimedia services has meant a substantial increase in the number of devices in mobile networks and driving the demand for higher data transmission rates. The result is that, cellular networks must technically evolve to support such higher rates, to be equipped with greater capacity, and to increase the spectral and energy efficiency. Compared with 4G technology, the 5G networks are being designed to transmit up to 100 times more data volume with devices whose battery life is 10 times longer. Therefore, this new generation of networks has adopted a heterogeneous and ultra-dense architecture, where different technological advances… More >

R. Nithya¹, K. Amudha^2,*, A. Syed Musthafa³, Dilip Kumar Sharma⁴, Edwin Hernan Ramirez-Asis⁵, Priya Velayutham⁶, V. Subramaniyaswamy⁷, Sudhakar Sengan⁸

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1069-1087, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019221

Abstract The 5G demonstrations in a business has a significant role in today's fast-moving technology. Manet in 5G, drives a wireless system intended at an enormously high data rate, lower energy, low latency, and cost. For this reason, routing protocols of MANET have the possibility of being fundamentally flexible, high performance, and energy-efficient. The 5G communication aims to afford higher data rates and significantly low Over-The-Air latency. Motivated through supplementary ACO routing processes, a security-aware, fuzzy improved ant colony routing optimization protocol is proposed in MANETs. The goal is to develop a MANET routing protocol that could provide a stable packet… More >

Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani¹, Imran Khan², Mahdi Zareei^3,*, Asim Zeb⁴, Abdul Waheed^5,6

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 1201-1214, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018386

Abstract The next-generation wireless networks are expected to provide higher capacity, system throughput with improved energy efficiency. One of the key technologies, to meet the demand for high-rate transmission, is device-to-device (D2D) communication which allows users who are close to communicating directly instead of transiting through base stations, and D2D communication users to share the cellular user chain under the control of the cellular network. As a new generation of cellular network technology, D2D communication technology has the advantages of improving spectrum resource utilization and improving system throughput and has become one of the key technologies that have been widely concerned… More >

Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^1,2,*, Imran Khan³, Mohammad Alamgeer⁴, Ali M. Al-Sharafi⁵, Bong Jun Choi⁶, Abdallah Aldosary⁷, Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed^8,9

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 301-317, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018122

Abstract With the rapid development of Internet technology, users have an increasing demand for data. The continuous popularization of traffic-intensive applications such as high-definition video, 3D visualization, and cloud computing has promoted the rapid evolution of the communications industry. In order to cope with the huge traffic demand of today’s users, 5G networks must be fast, flexible, reliable and sustainable. Based on these research backgrounds, the academic community has proposed D2D communication. The main feature of D2D communication is that it enables direct communication between devices, thereby effectively improve resource utilization and reduce the dependence on base stations, so it can… More >

Shahid Bashir¹, Imran Khan², Fahd N. Al-Wesabi³, Nadhem Nemri³, Ammar Zahary⁴, Quang Ngoc Nguyen^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 3029-3044, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017015

Abstract The device-to-device (D2D) networking technology is extended to the conventional cellular network to boost the communication efficiency of the entire network, forming a heterogeneous 5G and beyond (B5G) communication network. D2D communication in a cellular cell will boost the efficiency of the spectrum, increase the ability of the device, and reduce the communication burden of base stations through the sharing of approved cell resources, causing serious interference as well. The device-to-device (D2D) networking technology is extended to the conventional cellular network to boost the communication efficiency of the entire network, forming a heterogeneous 5G communication network. D2D communication in a… More >

Farah Akif¹, Kiran Sultan^2,*, Aqdas N. Malik¹, Ijaz M. Qureshi³, Saba Mahmood⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2075-2093, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016721

Abstract Conventional approach of dealing with more users per coverage area in cellular networks implies densifying the amount of (Access Point) AP which will eventually result in a larger carbon footprint. In this paper, we propose a base station off-loading and cell range extension (CRE) scheme based on multi-hop device-to-device (MHD2D) path selection between transmitter and receiver node. The paper also provides derivations of upper and lower bounds for energy efficiency, capacity, and transmit power. The proposed path selection scheme is inspired by the foraging behavior of honey bees. We present the algorithm as a modified variant of the artificial bee… More >