MICHELE MAFFEZZOLI^1,2,#, GIULIA CLAIRE GIUDICE^1,2,#,*, GIACOMO IOVANE^1,2, MARTINA MANINI^1,2, ELENA RAPACCHI¹, GIUSEPPE CARUSO¹, NICOLA SIMONI³, STEFANIA FERRETTI⁴, STEFANO PULIATTI⁴, DAVIDE CAMPOBASSO⁵, SEBASTIANO BUTI^1,2

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 741-757, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.057278 - 19 March 2025

Abstract Background: immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), significantly improving survival outcomes. However, a subset of patients do not respond to ICIs, prompting research into potential predictive factors. Commonly prescribed medications such as corticosteroids, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), antibiotics (Abs), antihypertensives, and analgesics may influence ICI effectiveness. Methods: we conducted a literature search on PubMed to investigate the impact of concomitant medications on the outcomes of patients with mUC, treated with ICIs. We selected the most relevant studies and performed a narrative review. Results: corticosteroids, PPIs and Abs have been associated More >

GIULIANO BERNAL^*, GISELA AQUEA, SEBASTIÁN RAMÍREZ-RIVERA

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 759-779, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.057019 - 19 March 2025

Abstract Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world, with more than 9 million deaths in 2022, a number that continues to rise. This highlights the urgent need for the development of new drugs, with enhanced antitumor capabilities and fewer side effects. Metal-based drugs have been used in clinical practice since the late 1970s, beginning with the introduction of cisplatin. Later, two additional platinum-based molecules, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, were introduced, and all three continue to be widely used in the treatment of various cancers. However, despite their significant anticancer activity, the undesirable… More > Graphic Abstract

RIYAD F. ALZHRANI¹, LAMA BINOBAID², ABDULAZIZ A. ALORAINI¹, MESHAL S. ALSAHLI¹, AHMED H. BAKHEIT³, HANADI H. ASIRI³, SABRY M. ATTIA², ALI ALHOSHANI², GAMALELDIN I. HARISA^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 919-935, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.054537 - 19 March 2025

Abstract Objective: Prostate cancer (PCA) is the second most widespread cancer among men globally, with a rising mortality rate. Enzyme-responsive lipid nanoparticles (ERLNs) are promising vectors for the selective delivery of anticancer agents to tumor cells. The goal of this study is to fabricate ERLNs for dual delivery of gefitinib (GF) and simvastatin (SV) to PCA cells. Methods: ERLNs loaded with GF and SV (ERLNGFSV) were assembled using bottom-up and top-down techniques. Subsequently, these ERLN cargoes were coated with triacylglycerol, and phospholipids and capped with chitosan (CS). The ERLNGFSV, and CS engineered ERLNGFSV (CERLNGFSV) formulations were… More > Graphic Abstract

JIAHENG WEI¹, LIANGMING ZHU^2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 863-872, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.054201 - 19 March 2025

Abstract Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most prevalent histological subtype of lung cancer. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme that plays a role in regulating ferroptosis. It is also involved in a wide variety of biological processes, such as tumor cell growth invasion, migration, and resistance to drugs. This study comprehensively examined the role of GPX4 in NSCLC and investigated the clinical feasibility of targeting GPX4 for NSCLC treatment. We discovered that GPX4 influences the progression of NSCLC More >

HENG ZHANG^1,#, XIAO YANG^2,#, YUJIN GUO³, HAIBO ZHAO⁴, PEI JIANG^5,*, QING-QING YU^3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 837-849, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.053882 - 19 March 2025

Abstract As living conditions improve and diagnostic capabilities advance, the incidence of tumors has increased, with cancer becoming a leading cause of death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the most common treatments. Despite advances in treatment options, chemotherapy remains a routine first-line treatment for most tumors. Due to the continuous and extensive use of chemotherapy drugs, tumor resistance often develops, becoming a significant cause of treatment failure and poor prognosis. Recent research has increasingly focused on how long stranded non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) influence the development of malignant tumors and drug resistance by regulating gene expression More >

GAMALELDIN I. HARISA^1,*, RIYAD F. ALZHRANI¹, ABDULRAHMAN A. ALLUHAIDAN¹, SULTAN M. ALAMRI¹, AHMED H. BAKHEIT², HANADI H. ASIRI², SABRY M. ATTIA³

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 477-492, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.053337 - 16 January 2025

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a health problem due to multi-drug resistance (MDR). Codelivery of multiple oncotherapy in one cargo as chimeric cancer therapy (CCT) is suggested as a solution for MDR. This study aims to engineer chitosan-coated nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with gefitinib (GF) and simvastatin (SV) as CCT for HCC. Methods: Both GF and SV-loaded nanostructure lipids carriers (GFSVNLC) and chitosan-capped GF and SV-loaded nanostructure lipids carriers (CGFSVNLC) formulations were assembled by top-down techniques. Moreover, particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), and polydispersity index (PDI) were measured by Zetasizer. The biosafety of… More > Graphic Abstract

MERYEM A. ABDESSALEM, SIRIN A. ADHAM^*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 27-44, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056955 - 20 December 2024

Abstract Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision, effectiveness, and safety, improving patient outcomes and personalized care. Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells, precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment (TME) and sparing normal cells. These nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation, and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously. Despite these benefits, challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle therapies. Cell-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between… More > Graphic Abstract

Suraj Pursnani, Necole M. Streeper

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 11911-11913, 2024

Abstract Drug-induced nephrolithiasis represents only 1%-2% of stone cases. Here we focus on drugs capable of crystallizing and forming stone, specifically phenazopyridine (Pyridium/Azo). This is a case of a patient who presented with a stone conglomerate in the right proximal ureter and underwent definitive treatment. Interestingly, the stone had a purple hue with FTIR spectroscopy showing stone composition of calcium oxalate (monohydrate and dihydrate) and a material resembling phenazopyridine. We retrospectively learned that she used multiple extended courses of phenazopyridine over 3 months. More >

Omer Nabeel Dara^1,*, Tareq Abed Mohammed², Abdullahi Abdu Ibrahim¹

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.39, No.6, pp. 1007-1033, 2024, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2024.058736 - 30 December 2024

Abstract Healthcare polypharmacy is routinely used to treat numerous conditions; however, it often leads to unanticipated bad consequences owing to complicated medication interactions. This paper provides a graph convolutional network (GCN)-based model for identifying adverse effects in polypharmacy by integrating pharmaceutical data from electronic health records (EHR). The GCN framework analyzes the complicated links between drugs to forecast the possibility of harmful drug interactions. Experimental assessments reveal that the proposed GCN model surpasses existing machine learning approaches, reaching an accuracy (ACC) of 91%, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.88, and an More >

Xiaojuan He¹, Chanyuan Li¹, Shaokang Wang¹, Jingyi Zhu¹, Yabin Zhang^1,*, Zhen Guo², Lihua Wu^3,*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.41, No.4, pp. 263-279, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2024.055821 - 16 December 2024

Abstract Eye drops are the usual method to treat eye diseases, and gel polymer provides the carrier which could be used for ophthalmic drug delivery. However, the stable and sustained release is the main issue for the ophthalmic drug and is concerned by many researchers. In this study, composite hydrogels were prepared using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) used for ophthalmic drug loading and release. According to the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the disappearance of the C=C bond in hydrogel indicated that the copolymerization reaction between HEMA and NVP was successful. The… More > Graphic Abstract