Supriya Wadekar^1,*, Shailendra Mittal¹, Ganesh Wakte², Rajshree Shinde²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071761 - 27 December 2025

Abstract Rapid evolutions of the Internet of Electric Vehicles (IoEVs) are reshaping and modernizing transport systems, yet challenges remain in energy efficiency, better battery aging, and grid stability. Typical charging methods allow for EVs to be charged without thought being given to the condition of the battery or the grid demand, thus increasing energy costs and battery aging. This study proposes a smart charging station with an AI-powered Battery Management System (BMS), developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, to increase optimality in energy flow, battery health, and impractical scheduling within the IoEV environment. The system operates through… More >

Hongyu Wang¹, Wenwu Cui¹, Kai Cui¹, Zixuan Meng^2,*, Bin Li², Wei Zhang¹, Wenwen Li¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069576 - 27 December 2025

Abstract To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle (EV) charging loads under the “dual carbon” goals, this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multi-objective optimization. First, a dual-convolution enhanced improved Crossformer prediction model is constructed, which employs parallel 1 × 1 global and 3 × 3 local convolution modules (Integrated Convolution Block, ICB) for multi-scale feature extraction, combined with an Adaptive Spectral Block (ASB) to enhance time-series fluctuation modeling. Based on high-precision predictions, a carbon-electricity cost joint optimization model is further designed to balance economic, environmental, and grid-friendly objectives.… More > Graphic Abstract

Federico Sacchelli¹, Luca Cattani^1,2, Matteo Malavasi¹, Fabio Bozzoli^1,2,*, Corrado Sciancalepore¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.5, pp. 1351-1364, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.064154 - 31 October 2025

Abstract This study investigates the feasibility of a novel dual two-phase cooling system for thermal management in lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed system aims to combine low-boiling dielectric fluid immersion cooling and pulsating heat pipes (PHPs), in order to leverage the advantages of both technologies for efficient heat dissipation in a completely passive configuration. Experimental evaluations conducted under different discharge conditions demonstrate that the system effectively maintains battery temperatures within the optimal range of 20–40°C, with enhanced temperature uniformity and stability. While the PHP exhibited minimal impact at low power, its role More >

Jack Kiing Teck Wei¹, Mohanad Taher Mohamed Sayed Roshdy¹, Bryan Ho Liang Hui¹, Jalal Tavalaei¹, Hadi Nabipour Afrouzi^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4755-4775, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069980 - 27 October 2025

Abstract In this article, a hybrid energy storage system powered by renewable energy sources is suggested, which is connected to a grid-tied electric vehicle charging bay (EVCB) in Sarawak and is examined for its techno-economic effects. With a focus on three renewable energy sources, namely hydrokinetic power, solar power, and hydrogen fuel cells, the study seeks to minimize reliance on the electrical grid while meeting the growing demand from the growing electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure. A hybrid renewable energy storage system that combines solar power, hydrogen fuel cells, hydrokinetic power, and the grid was simulated and… More >

J. S. V. Siva Kumar¹, Mahmad Mustafa², Sk. M. Unnisha Begum³, Badugu Suresh⁴, Rajanand Patnaik Narasipuram^5,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.10, pp. 3891-3904, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070052 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Electric vehicle (EV) monitoring systems commonly depend on IoT-based sensor measurements to track key performance parameters such as vehicle speed, state of charge (SoC), battery temperature, power consumption, motor RPM, and regenerative braking. While these systems enable real-time data acquisition, they are often hindered by sensor noise, communication delays, and measurement uncertainties, which compromise their reliability for critical decision-making. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a comparative framework that integrates reference signals, a digital twin model emulating ideal system behavior, and real-time IoT measurements. The digital twin provides a predictive and noise-resilient representation of More >

Pralay Roy¹, Pabitra Kumar Biswas¹, Chiranjit Sain^2,*, Taha Selim Ustun^3,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.10, pp. 4035-4060, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068989 - 30 September 2025

Abstract This study presents the use of an innovative population-based algorithm called the Sine Cosine Algorithm and its metaheuristic form, Quasi Oppositional Sine Cosine Algorithm, to automatic generation control of a multiple-source-based interconnected power system that consists of thermal, gas, and hydro power plants. The Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller, which is utilized for automated generation control in an interconnected hybrid power system with a DC link connecting two regions, has been tuned using the proposed optimization technique. An Electric Vehicle is taken into consideration only as an electrical load. The Quasi Oppositional Sine Cosine method’s performance and efficacy… More >

Salam Al-E’mari¹, Yousef Sanjalawe^2,*, Budoor Allehyani³, Ghader Kurdi⁴, Sharif Makhadmeh², Ameera Jaradat⁵, Duaa Hijazi⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3289-3320, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067950 - 23 September 2025

Abstract Electric Vehicle Charging Systems (EVCS) are increasingly vulnerable to cybersecurity threats as they integrate deeply into smart grids and Internet of Things (IoT) environments, raising significant security challenges. Most existing research primarily emphasizes network-level anomaly detection, leaving critical vulnerabilities at the host level underexplored. This study introduces a novel forensic analysis framework leveraging host-level data, including system logs, kernel events, and Hardware Performance Counters (HPC), to detect and analyze sophisticated cyberattacks such as cryptojacking, Denial-of-Service (DoS), and reconnaissance activities targeting EVCS. Using comprehensive forensic analysis and machine learning models, the proposed framework significantly outperforms existing More >

Harendra Pratap Singh^1,2, Ishfaq Hussain Rather³, Sushil Kumar¹, Mohammad Aljaidi⁴, Omprakash Kaiwartya^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5577-5595, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065741 - 30 July 2025

Abstract Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a cleaner, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. With the increasing adoption of EVs, they are expected to eventually replace ICE vehicles entirely. However, the rapid growth of EVs has significantly increased energy demand, posing challenges for power grids and infrastructure. This surge in energy demand has driven advancements in developing efficient charging infrastructure and energy management solutions to mitigate the risks of power outages and disruptions caused by the rising number of EVs on the road. To address these challenges, various deep… More >

Yanjie Liu, Ximin Cao^*, Yanchi Zhang

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.8, pp. 3377-3398, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.066577 - 24 July 2025

Abstract Under the “dual carbon” goals, this paper constructs an optimization model of the comprehensive energy system in the park. A stepwise carbon excess rate mechanism and an electric vehicle coupling strategy are proposed: A carbon quota trading system is established based on the baseline method, and the stepwise function is adopted to quantify the cost of excess carbon emissions; Introduce the price demand response and the two-way interaction mechanism of electric Vehicle vehicle-to-grid (V2G) to enhance the flexible regulation ability. Aiming at the uncertainty of wind and solar output, a typical scene set is generated… More >

Zhenhao Wang¹, Hongwei Li^1,*, Dan Pang², Jinming Ge¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.8, pp. 3223-3242, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.063615 - 24 July 2025

Abstract Aiming at the problem of increasing the peak-to-valley difference of grid load and the rising cost of user charging caused by the disorderly charging of large-scale electric vehicles, this paper proposes a coordinated charging scheduling strategy for multiple types of electric vehicles based on the degree of urgency of vehicle use. First, considering the range loss characteristics, dynamic time-sharing tariff mechanism, and user incentive policy in the low-temperature environment of northern winter, a differentiated charging model is constructed for four types of vehicles: family cars, official cars, buses, and cabs. Then, we innovatively introduce the… More >