José Luis Rodríguez-Lorenzo¹, Bohuslav Janoušek¹, Emilio Cervantes^2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.9, pp. 2649-2667, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.068936 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Grapevine is unique among crops because its domestication resulted not only in new morphological characteristics, but also in altered reproductive mechanisms. Viticulture involves a change from a dioecious to a hermaphroditic mating system, which makes the reproductive system more efficient. In consequence and the fact that it is one of the oldest and most economically important cultivated plants, Vitis vinifera could be defined as an over-domesticated species. Here we review some key aspects in viticulture. The main areas of interest have remained consistent throughout history, including the origin and characterisation of cultivars, resistance to environmental conditions,… More >

Kyung-Wan Baek^1,2,#, Jinkyung Cho^3,#, Ji Hyun Kim⁴, Ji-Seok Kim^1,2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.8, pp. 1339-1362, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.064916 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a significant fraction of the global population and is closely associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes. Its pathophysiology entails complex molecular and cellular disturbances, including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, persistent low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, altered mineral metabolism, genetic predispositions, and uremic toxin accumulation. As current pharmacological treatments provide only partial risk reduction, complementary approaches are imperative. Exercise training, both aerobic and resistance, has emerged as a potent non-pharmacological intervention targeting these underlying molecular pathways. Regular exercise can enhance nitric oxide signaling, improve antioxidant defenses, attenuate… More >

VINOTHKUMAR VEERASAMY¹, VEERAVARMAL VEERAN², SIDDAVARAM NAGINI^1,3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.8, pp. 1835-1860, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.064010 - 18 July 2025

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling networks in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although the tumor microenvironment (TME) and epigenetic modifiers are recognized to play a pivotal role in aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in OSCC, the available evidence is fragmentary and a comprehensive analysis is warranted. This review evaluates the intricate mechanisms by which various components of the TME facilitate proliferation, apoptosis evasion, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, metastasis, as well as therapy resistance in OSCC through activation of PI3K/AKT signalling. The review has also More >

RAQUEL GÓMEZ-MOLINA^1,*, RAQUEL MARTÍNEZ^2,3,4, MIGUEL SUÁREZ^2,3,4,*, ANA PEÑA-CABIA¹, MARíA CONCEPCIóN CALDERÓN¹, JORGE MATEO^3,4

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.7, pp. 1531-1545, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.063951 - 26 June 2025

Abstract Lynch syndrome (LS), also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an inherited condition associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and other cancers. It is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. These mutations lead to microsatellite instability (MSI) and defective DNA repair mechanisms, resulting in increased cancer risk. Early detection of LS is crucial for effective management and cancer prevention. Endoscopic surveillance, particularly regular colonoscopy, is recommended for individuals with LS to detect CRC at early stages. Additionally, universal screening of CRC for More > Graphic Abstract

Noor Ayesha¹, Muhammad Mujahid², Abeer Rashad Mirdad², Faten S. Alamri^3,*, Amjad R. Khan²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 1883-1899, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063560 - 09 June 2025

Abstract Large language models (LLMs) and natural language processing (NLP) have significant promise to improve efficiency and refine healthcare decision-making and clinical results. Numerous domains, including healthcare, are rapidly adopting LLMs for the classification of biomedical textual data in medical research. The LLM can derive insights from intricate, extensive, unstructured training data. Variants need to be accurately identified and classified to advance genetic research, provide individualized treatment, and assist physicians in making better choices. However, the sophisticated and perplexing language of medical reports is often beyond the capabilities of the devices we now utilize. Such an… More >

Gege Liu^#, Houfang Zhang^#, Yunhui Peng^*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.4, pp. 519-538, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.061470 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Nucleosomes play a vital role in chromatin organization and gene regulation, acting as key hubs that interact with various chromatin-associated factors through diverse binding mechanisms. Recent research has highlighted the prevalence of mutations in linker histones across different types of cancer, emphasizing their critical involvement in cancer progression. These cancer-associated mutations in linker histones have been shown to disrupt nucleosome stacking and the formation of higher-order chromatin structures, which in turn significantly affect epigenetic regulatory processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of how cancer-associated linker histone mutations alter their physicochemical properties, influencing More >

MILICA KONTIC^1,2,*, FILIP MARKOVIC¹

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 781-793, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.057231 - 19 March 2025

Abstract Detecting lung cancer early is crucial for improving survival rates, yet it remains a significant challenge due to many cases being diagnosed at advanced stages. This review aims to provide advances in epigenetics which have highlighted DNA methylation patterns as promising biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and treatment response in lung cancer. Techniques like bisulfite conversion followed by PCR, digital droplet polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing are commonly used for detecting these methylation patterns, which occur early in the cancer development process and can be detected in non-invasive samples like blood and sputum. Key… More >

AHMAD SHAHIR MOHAMAD NAZRI, NAZIHAH MOHD YUNUS, MARAHAINI MUSA^*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.1, pp. 149-160, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.057352 - 24 January 2025

Abstract Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and heterogeneous disease. IBD is commonly classified into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. It is linked to serious symptoms and complications. The onset of IBD commonly occurs during adolescence. Despite the significant number of cases globally (~5 million), the causes of pediatric IBD, which constitutes 25% of IBD patients, are not yet fully understood. Apart from environmental factors, genetic factors contribute to a higher risk of developing IBD. The predisposition risk of IBD can be investigated using genetic testing. Genetic mechanisms of pediatric IBD are highly complex More >

Shuliang Xia^1,2,3,#, Huikang Tao^2,#, Shixin Su⁴, Xinxin Chen², Li Ma², Jianru Li⁵, Bei Gao⁶, Xumei Liu⁵, Lei Pi⁷, Jinqing Feng⁴, Fengxiang Li², Jia Li^4,*, Zhiwei Zhang^1,3,*

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 247-256, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2024.052583 - 16 May 2024

Abstract Aims: Multiple genes and environmental factors are known to be involved in congenital heart disease (CHD), but epigenetic variation has received little attention. Monozygotic (MZ) twins with CHD provide a unique model for exploring this phenomenon. In order to investigate the potential role of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) methylation in CHD pathogenesis, the present study examined DNA methylation variation in MZ twins discordant for CHD, especially ventricular septal defect (VSD). Methods and Results: Using genome-wide DNA methylation profiles, we identified 4004 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in 18 MZ twin pairs discordant for CHD, and 2826 genes were… More > Graphic Abstract

TINGTING LIU^1,#, YIWEI HAO^2,#, LIFENG ZHAO^2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.5, pp. 707-729, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.049130 - 06 May 2024

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, accounting for more than 1% of the population aged 65 years. Monogenic inheritance is relatively rare in PD, accounting for approximately 5% to 10% of PD patients, and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that multiple genetic risk factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PD. Several groups have identified and reported a number of genes carrying mutations associated with affected family members. Mutated genes associated with PD are also candidates for idiopathic PD, and these genes may also carry… More >