Federico Sacchelli¹, Luca Cattani^1,2, Matteo Malavasi¹, Fabio Bozzoli^1,2,*, Corrado Sciancalepore¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.5, pp. 1351-1364, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.064154 - 31 October 2025

Abstract This study investigates the feasibility of a novel dual two-phase cooling system for thermal management in lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed system aims to combine low-boiling dielectric fluid immersion cooling and pulsating heat pipes (PHPs), in order to leverage the advantages of both technologies for efficient heat dissipation in a completely passive configuration. Experimental evaluations conducted under different discharge conditions demonstrate that the system effectively maintains battery temperatures within the optimal range of 20–40°C, with enhanced temperature uniformity and stability. While the PHP exhibited minimal impact at low power, its role More >

Johanna Gaitán-Alvarez¹, Róger Moya^1,*, Alexander Berrocal¹, Karla J. Merazzo^1,2,3,4,5

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 799-816, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.058755 - 21 April 2025

Abstract The impregnation of nanoparticles magnetified into wood had been developed by different methods, like surface chemical coprecipitation and vacuum-pressure coprecipitation of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). However, there is a lack of information on the best method to coprecipitation NPs. Then, the present study has the objective to measure the effects of the impregnation process of wood veneers through two in situ processes (immersion and vacuum-pressure) using a solution of FeCl₃·6H₂O, FeCl₂·4H₂O and ammonia in three tropical species (Pinus oocarpa, Vochysia ferruginea and Vochysia guatemalensis). It was measured the degree of synthesis of iron NPs using weight and density gains, Fe⁺³ absorption, emission… More > Graphic Abstract

Yiming Rongyang¹, Zhenyue Yu¹, Ruisheng Liang^2,*, Wei Su¹, Jianjian Wei^2,3

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 279-298, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.059637 - 26 February 2025

Abstract Data center cooling systems are substantial energy consumers, and managing the heat generated by electronic devices is becoming more complex as chip power levels continue to rise. The single-phase immersion cooling (SPIC) server with oil coolant is numerically investigated using the validated Re-Normalization Group (RNG) k-ε model. For the investigated scenarios where coolant velocity at the tank inlet is 0.004 m/s and the total power is 740 W, the heat transfer between the heat sinks and the coolant is dominated by natural convection, although forced convection mediates the overall heat transfer inside the tank. The maximum… More >

Yuxiang Peng^1,*, Pengnan Sun¹, Niannian Liu¹

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 1-1, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011902

Abstract Immersed boundary method (IBM) has been widely applied in the simulation of fluid-structure interaction problems. The traditional direct force model is less accurate, and the sharp-interface approaches involve complex topological operations which are not conducive to dealing with complex structures. The boundary data immersion method (BDIM) is a new fluid-structure coupling scheme that does not need to cut the mesh and can be extended to reach second-order accuracy. However, the traditional boundary data immersion method needs special treatment to deal with the sharp corners of the structure. In the present work, the volume fraction of More >

Biao Wang¹, Yuxiang Peng^1,*, Wenhua Xu²

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.29, No.3, pp. 1-2, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.012061

Abstract The damage process of ship structures under near-field underwater explosions involves strong nonlinear coupling effects of multiple media, and its numerical simulation poses a serious challenge to traditional numerical algorithms. Based on previous research, this article first establishes a highly compressible multiphase flow numerical calculation model based on the high-precision Discontinuous Galerkin Method (DGM) and a ship elastic-plastic damage dynamic model based on the meshless Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM). Furthermore, we develop an algorithm for grid-independent dynamic expansion of cracks. Based on this, the Boundary Data Immersion Method (BDIM) is used to couple the More >

Haoping Yao¹, Xinyu Zhong², Chunxia He^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.5, pp. 993-1006, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.047758 - 17 July 2024

Abstract To make full use of plant shell fibers (rice husk, walnut shell, chestnut shell), three kinds of wood-plastic composites of plant shell fibers and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were prepared. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on three kinds of plant shell fibers to test their crystallinity. The aging process of the composites was conducted under 2 different conditions. One was artificial seawater immersion and xenon lamp irradiation, and the other one was deionized water spray and xenon lamp irradiation. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength), changes in color, water absorption, Fourier transform… More >

Rui Zhang¹, Taixiang Chen¹, Zhenjiang Chen¹, Hao Chen¹, Xuekai Wei¹, Malik Kamran¹, Chunjie Li^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.3, pp. 567-580, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.047485 - 28 March 2024

Abstract In a greenhouse experiment, the effects of soil microorganisms and extracts of Achnatherum inebrians on the seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus nutans were studied. The results showed that both the extracts from aboveground and belowground parts of A. inebrians significantly inhibited the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, seedling height, root length, and fresh weight of E. nutans, but increased malondialdehyde content, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of E. nutans seedlings (p < 0.05). The allelopathy of aqueous extracts of the aboveground parts of A. inebrians was stronger than that of the precipitates. Aqueous extracts of the… More >

Liqun Zhou^1,*, Weilin Yang¹, Chaojie Li², Shi Lin³

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 157-173, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2023.045135 - 21 March 2024

Abstract The power density of electronic components grows continuously, and the subsequent heat accumulation and temperature increase inevitably affect electronic equipment’s stability, reliability and service life. Therefore, achieving efficient cooling in limited space has become a key problem in updating electronic devices with high performance and high integration. Two-phase immersion is a novel cooling method. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to investigate the cooling performance of two-phase immersion cooling on high-power electronics. The two-dimensional CFD model is utilized by the volume of fluid (VOF) method and Reynolds Stress Model. Lee’s model was employed… More > Graphic Abstract

Hualei Bai^1,2, Ying Li^1,2,*, Dahu Dai^1,2

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.11, pp. 3059-3078, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.020148 - 29 June 2022

Abstract In order to make full use of waste recycled fine powder (RFP) in concrete and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the concrete industry, the durability of sulfate resistance is an important aspect of evaluating the performance of recycled powder concrete (RPC). Therefore, the durability of RPC under partial sulfate immersion was studied to provide theoretical guidance for understanding the erosion mechanism of RPC. The compressive strength, mass loss, and microstructure change patterns of RPC under partial immersion of 5% Na₂SO₄ and MgSO₄ solutions were analyzed by cubic compressive strength, mass loss rate, SEM-EDS, and… More >

Nugroho Agung Pambudi^*, Awibi Muhamad Yusuf, Alfan Sarifudin

Energy Engineering, Vol.119, No.1, pp. 275-286, 2022, DOI:10.32604/EE.2022.017356 - 22 November 2021

Abstract Data centers are recognized as one of the most important aspects of the fourth industrial revolution since conventional data centers are inefficient and have dependency on high energy consumption, in which the cooling is responsible for 40% of the usage. Therefore, this research proposes the immersion cooling method to solving the high energy consumption of data centers by cooling its component using two types of dielectric fluids. Four stages of experimental methods are used, such as fluid types, cooling effectiveness, optimization, and durability. Furthermore, benchmark software is used to measure the CPU maximum work with More >