Hanan Hardan^1,*, Osama A. Khashan^2,*, Mohammad Alshinwan¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 1681-1710, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061659 - 09 June 2025

Abstract This study introduces an Edge-Based Data Hiding and Extraction Algorithm (EBDHEA) to address the problem of data embedding in images while preserving robust security and high image quality. The algorithm produces three classes of pixels from the pixels in the cover image: edges found by the Canny edge detection method, pixels arising from the expansion of neighboring edge pixels, and pixels that are neither edges nor components of the neighboring edge pixels. The number of Least Significant Bits (LSBs) that are used to hide data depends on these classifications. Furthermore, the lossless compression method, Huffman… More >

Guoqiong Liao^1,3, Yinxiang Lei^1,2,*, Yufang Xie¹, Neal N. Xiong⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.2, pp. 3309-3335, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.060077 - 17 February 2025

Abstract As the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) continues to expand, smart health-monitoring devices generate vast amounts of valuable data while simultaneously raising critical security and privacy challenges. Blockchain technology presents a promising avenue to address these concerns due to its inherent decentralization and security features. However, scalability remains a persistent hurdle, particularly for IoMT applications that involve large-scale networks and resource-constrained devices. This paper introduces a novel lightweight sharding method tailored to the unique demands of IoMT data sharing. Our approach enhances state bootstrapping efficiency and reduces operational overhead by utilizing a dual-chain structure comprising… More >

Murad Njoum^1,2,*, Rossilawati Sulaiman¹, Zarina Shukur¹, Faizan Qamar¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 183-211, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.050090 - 15 October 2024

Abstract Random pixel selection is one of the image steganography methods that has achieved significant success in enhancing the robustness of hidden data. This property makes it difficult for steganalysts’ powerful data extraction tools to detect the hidden data and ensures high-quality stego image generation. However, using a seed key to generate non-repeated sequential numbers takes a long time because it requires specific mathematical equations. In addition, these numbers may cluster in certain ranges. The hidden data in these clustered pixels will reduce the image quality, which steganalysis tools can detect. Therefore, this paper proposes a… More >

Abdullah Alenizi¹, Mohammad Sajid Mohammadi², Ahmad A. Al-Hajji², Arshiya Sajid Ansari^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2463-2494, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.051826 - 15 August 2024

Abstract Steganography is a technique for hiding secret messages while sending and receiving communications through a cover item. From ancient times to the present, the security of secret or vital information has always been a significant problem. The development of secure communication methods that keep recipient-only data transmissions secret has always been an area of interest. Therefore, several approaches, including steganography, have been developed by researchers over time to enable safe data transit. In this review, we have discussed image steganography based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) algorithm, etc. We have also discussed image steganography based… More >

Muhammad Zaman Ali¹, Omer Riaz¹, Hafiz Muhammad Hasnain², Waqas Sharif², Tenvir Ali², Gyu Sang Choi^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.2, pp. 2923-2943, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049139 - 15 May 2024

Abstract In today’s rapidly evolving landscape of communication technologies, ensuring the secure delivery of sensitive data has become an essential priority. To overcome these difficulties, different steganography and data encryption methods have been proposed by researchers to secure communications. Most of the proposed steganography techniques achieve higher embedding capacities without compromising visual imperceptibility using LSB substitution. In this work, we have an approach that utilizes a combination of Most Significant Bit (MSB) matching and Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution. The proposed algorithm divides confidential messages into pairs of bits and connects them with the MSBs of… More >

Fei Wang^1,2, Li Li¹, Yinxing Wan¹, Zhuorong Li¹, Lixian Luo³, Bangshun Hu¹, Jiahui Pan^1,2, Zhenfu Wen⁴, Haiyun Huang^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.2, pp. 2301-2316, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037727 - 30 August 2023

Abstract Sleep spindles are an electroencephalogram (EEG) biomarker of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and have important implications for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. However, it is challenging to accurately detect sleep spindles due to the complexity of the human brain and the uncertainty of neural mechanisms. To improve the reliability and objectivity of sleep spindle detection and to compensate for the limitations of manual annotation, this study proposes a new automatic detection algorithm based on Matching Pursuit (MP) and Least Squares Boosting (LSBoost), where the automatic sleep spindle detection algorithm can help reduce the visual annotation… More >

Alaknanda S. Patil^1,*, G. Sundari¹, Arun Kumar Sivaraman²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.2, pp. 1707-1721, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.034270 - 09 February 2023

Abstract The intact data transmission to the authentic user is becoming crucial at every moment in the current era. Steganography; is a technique for concealing the hidden message in any cover media such as image, video; and audio to increase the protection of data. The resilience and imperceptibility are improved by choosing an appropriate embedding position. This paper gives a novel system to immerse the secret information in different videos with different methods. An audio and video steganography with novel amalgamations are implemented to immerse the confidential auditory information and the authentic user’s face image. A… More >

Walid El-Shafai^1,2, Hayam A. Abd El-Hameed³, Noha A. El-Hag⁴, Ashraf A. M. Khalaf³, Naglaa F. Soliman⁵, Hussah Nasser AlEisa^6,*, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie¹

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 719-732, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.031079 - 29 September 2022

Abstract Nowadays, the security of images or information is very important. This paper introduces a proposed hybrid watermarking and encryption technique for increasing medical image security. First, the secret medical image is encrypted using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. Then, the secret report of the patient is embedded into the encrypted secret medical image with the Least Significant Bit (LSB) watermarking algorithm. After that, the encrypted secret medical image with the secret report is concealed in a cover medical image, using Kekre’s Median Codebook Generation (KMCG) algorithm. Afterwards, the stego-image obtained is split into 16 parts.… More >

Saima Kanwal¹, Feng Tao^1,*, Ahmad Almogren², Ateeq Ur Rehman³, Rizwan Taj¹, Ayman Radwan⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.1, pp. 201-219, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020255 - 24 August 2022

Abstract The authenticity and integrity of healthcare is the primary objective. Numerous reversible watermarking schemes have been developed to improve the primary objective but increasing the quantity of embedding data leads to covering image distortion and visual quality resulting in data security detection. A trade-off between robustness, imperceptibility, and embedded capacity is difficult to achieve with current algorithms due to limitations in their ability. Keeping this purpose insight, an improved reversibility watermarking methodology is proposed to maximize data embedding capacity and imperceptibility while maintaining data security as a primary concern. A key is generated by a… More >

Wajdi Elhamzi^1,2,*, Malika Jallouli³, Yassine Bouteraa^1,4

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4329-4347, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030954 - 16 June 2022

Abstract Since 3D mesh security has become intellectual property, 3D watermarking algorithms have continued to appear to secure 3D meshes shared by remote users and saved in distant multimedia databases. The novelty of our approach is that it uses a new Clifford-multiwavelet transform to insert copyright data in a multiresolution domain, allowing us to greatly expand the size of the watermark. After that, our method does two rounds of insertion, each applying a different type of Clifford-wavelet transform. Before being placed into the Clifford-multiwavelet coefficients, the watermark, which is a mixture of the mesh description, source… More >