Abeer Alnuaim^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-33, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069110 - 10 November 2025

Abstract The rapid digitalization of urban infrastructure has made smart cities increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated cyber threats. In the evolving landscape of cybersecurity, the efficacy of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is increasingly measured by technical performance, operational usability, and adaptability. This study introduces and rigorously evaluates a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)-Integrated IDS with the utilization of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), CNN-Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Random Forest (RF) against both a Baseline Machine Learning (ML) and a Traditional IDS model, through an extensive experimental framework encompassing many performance metrics, including detection latency, accuracy, alert prioritization, classification… More >

Vinh Truong Hoang^1,*, Nghia Dinh¹, Viet-Tuan Le¹, Kiet Tran-Trung¹, Bay Nguyen Van¹, Kittikhun Meethongjan^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-40, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068733 - 10 November 2025

Abstract The Financial Technology (FinTech) sector has witnessed rapid growth, resulting in increasingly complex and high-volume digital transactions. Although this expansion improves efficiency and accessibility, it also introduces significant vulnerabilities, including fraud, money laundering, and market manipulation. Traditional anomaly detection techniques often fail to capture the relational and dynamic characteristics of financial data. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), capable of modeling intricate interdependencies among entities, have emerged as a powerful framework for detecting subtle and sophisticated anomalies. However, the high-dimensionality and inherent noise of FinTech datasets demand robust feature selection strategies to improve model scalability, performance, and More >

Boxuan Han^1,2,#, Shaokun Liu^3,#, Ridhima Das³, Shiqian Liu⁴, Yang Zhang^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 3633-3656, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071296 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Organoid technology, characterized by high fidelity in mimicking the in vivo microenvironment, preservation of tumor heterogeneity, and capacity for high-throughput operations, has emerged as a critical tool in head and neck cancer research. To address clinical challenges in head and neck cancer management—including marked tumor heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance, and significant prognostic variability—this review focuses on four key translational applications of organoid technology: In mechanistic studies, organoid models provide a reliable platform for investigating tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance mechanisms. In personalized therapy, organoid-based drug sensitivity testing enables data-driven clinical decision-making. For biomarker discovery, organoids facilitate the More >

Jiunn-Wei Wang^1,2,3, Wen-Hung Hsu^2,3,4, Fang-Jung Yu^2,3, Fu-Chen Kuo⁵, Chung-Jung Liu^3,6, Chao-Hung Kuo^1,2,3, Jaw-Yuan Wang^7,8, Ming-Hong Lin^9,*, Deng-Chyang Wu^1,2,3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 3907-3922, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070432 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Objectives: Colorectal adenomatous polyps frequently recur after removal and are precursors to colorectal cancer, highlighting the need for effective preventive strategies. This study evaluated the efficacy of probiotic Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) in preventing colorectal adenoma recurrence in high-risk patients. Methods: We conducted a randomized, single-blind, two-year crossover trial in patients with a history of adenomatous polyps. Participants received CBM588 in either the first or second year, with the alternate year as observation, and underwent annual surveillance colonoscopies. Outcomes (adenoma recurrence and polyp counts) were analyzed by intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) approaches. Results: A total… More >

Ioannis A. Voutsadakis^1,2,3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 4073-4092, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.069230 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Background: E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family transcription factors have confirmed roles in several types of cancers. This study aimed to clarify the role of ETS family transcription factor alterations in gastric cancers. Methods: This study examines molecular alterations of ETS transcription factors in gastric adenocarcinomas based on an analysis of publicly available cohorts from the Protein Atlas and the Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression and relationships of members of the ETS transcription factor family with other important factors in the process of gastric carcinogenesis were evaluated using the same resources. Results: mRNA expression levels of ETS family… More >

Sonexai Kidoikhammouan¹, Charupong Saengboonmee^2,3, Sopit Wongkham^2,3, Wunchana Seubwai^3,4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 3679-3699, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.069027 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer originating from bile duct epithelium. Surgical resection remains the primary curative treatment for CCA. However, most CCA patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which limits the applicability of surgical resection. Gemcitabine is widely used as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for unresectable CCA. Its efficacy is often compromised by the development of drug resistance, which leads to poor clinical outcomes and low survival rates of CCA patients. At present, the mechanisms underlying gemcitabine resistance in CCA remain unclear. This review aimed to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on the More >

Hiroshi Yoshida^1,*, Mayumi Kobayashi Kato²

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 3701-3730, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068432 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (OEC) accounts for ~10% of epithelial ovarian cancers and displays broad morphologic diversity that complicates diagnosis and grading. Recent data show that the endometrial cancer molecular taxonomy (DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit [POLE]-ultramutated, mismatch repair-deficient [MMRd], p53-abnormal, no specific molecular profile [NSMP]) also applies to OEC, and that OEC is enriched for Lynch syndrome–associated tumors, supporting routine MMR testing. We aimed to synthesize contemporary evidence spanning epidemiology, histopathology and immunophenotype, diagnostic pitfalls and differential diagnosis, and to evaluate the clinical utility of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-surrogate molecular classification for risk stratification; More >

Si Qin, Shu Tang, Lijiao Xie, Jianbo Zhu, Jianguo Sun^*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 4145-4154, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068300 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Background: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PPLELC) is a rare subtype of primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no established treatment guidelines. We present a case of a young female with PPLELC who achieved a pathological complete response (pCR) in both primary and metastatic lesions after receiving combined immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Case description: We present a 33-year-old female patient with stage IVa (cT2bN0M1b) PPLELC. As a first-line treatment, the patient received seven cycles of nab-paclitaxel combined with toripalimab (a PD-1 inhibitor) and achieved stable disease. This was followed by toripalimab maintenance therapy for nearly 30 months.… More >

Fangyuan Li^1,2,#, Xiaoyuan Hu^1,#, Xiaoge Gao³, Ling Liu³, Tao Li¹, Dan He¹, Jiaxing Cheng¹, Xiaobiao Ma¹, Li Li^1,*, Chunlei Ge^1,*, Hong Yao^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 4029-4048, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.067628 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Background: Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are recognized as pivotal drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression; however, the molecular mechanisms maintaining their stem-like phenotype remain largely unresolved. This work investigates the role of prefoldin subunit 6-like protein (PFDN6L) in shaping LCSC traits and promoting or restraining HCC progression. Methods: PFDN6L, a cytoskeleton-associated chaperone, was studied using multiple in vitro assays—cell growth evaluation, cell cycle profiling, and spheroid culture—alongside analyses of stemness-associated markers (SOX2, CD133, CD44). Tumorigenic capacity was assessed in xenograft mouse models, and signaling pathway interrogation was performed to define underlying mechanisms. Results: In patient samples, More >

Yi Tang^1,2,3,4,#, Minyi Situ^1,2,3,4,#, Zhiming Wu^1,2,3,4,#, Yanjun Wang^1,2,3,4,#, Xinpei Deng^1,2,3,4, Zhicheng Liu^1,2,3,4, Shengjie Guo^1,2,3,4, Qianghua Zhou^1,2,3,4,*, Gangjun Yuan^5,*, Xingliang Tan^1,2,3,4,*, Kai Yao^1,2,3,4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 3973-3989, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.066184 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Background: Current chemotherapy treatments, including the TIP (Taxol, Ifosfamide, Cisplatin) regimen, have shown limited effects but strong side effects in advanced Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) patients. Trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (TROP-2) is a novel target for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) drugs and has been proven to be effective in several human cancers. This study aimed to explore the biological function and potential of the ADC target in PSCC cells. Methods: A total of 196 PSCC tumor tissue specimens and clinicopathological data were collected. TROP-2 expression was detected by IHC, and the correlation between TROP-2 expression and… More > Graphic Abstract