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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Solid “Green” Polyurethanes Based on Rapeseed Oil Polyol and Modified with Glycerol and Microcellulose

    Piotr Rojek2, Mirta I. Aranguren1, Aleksander Prociak2, Mirna A. Mosiewicki1*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.4, No.4, pp. 266-274, 2016, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2016.634113

    Abstract Solid biobased polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared from a rapeseed oil-based polyol (ROPO) synthesized by epoxidation reaction followed by oxirane ring-opening with diethylene glycol. The reference material was modified by replacement of the ROPO with glycerol in different proportions and also by addition of commercial microcellulose (MC). The curing process of the reactive mixtures was monitored by rheological measurements and the analysis showed that both MC and glycerol increase the time of crossover between storage and loss modulus (liquid to solid transition in the response at 1 Hz). The completely cured polyurethanes were characterized by physical, More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Polyurethanes Obtained from Cottonseed and Corn Oil-Based Polyols

    Karina Cruz-Aldaco1, Erika Flores-Loyola2, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar-González1, Nuria Burgos3, Alfonso Jiménez3*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.4, No.3, pp. 178-184, 2016, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2016.634107

    Abstract The use of vegetable oils to replace fossil feedstock has become an area of opportunity and a priority for study in the field of polymer science. Vegetable oils are considered as renewable resources with high potential, low cost and full availability. The aim of this study is the synthesis of biobased polyols from cottonseed oil (Gossypium barbadanse) and corn oil (Zea mays) as feedstock. Their synthesis was successfully performed, as can be concluded from the determination of their hydroxyl index as well as the structural and thermal characterization carried out in this work. Polyurethanes from More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Influence of Isocyanate Index on Selected Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams Modified with Various Bio-Components

    Aleksander Prociak*, Elźbieta Malewska, Szymon Bąk

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.4, No.1, pp. 78-85, 2016, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2015.634129

    Abstract In this article, the results of the foaming process analysis of fl exible polyurethane with different isocyanate indexes are presented. Two types of flexible polyurethane foams (FPURF) were obtained: (1) by using petrochemical components and a rapeseed-oil-based polyol (used in the amount of 20 wt%), (2) by using petrochemical components and cellulose as a natural fi ller in the amount of 3 php (per hundred parts of polyol). The characteristic parameters of the foaming process, such as the foam’s growth velocity, the core temperature and dielectric polarization, were measured using a Foamat device. Moreover, the More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Preliminary Life Cycle Inventory of Rapeseed Oil Polyols for Polyurethane Production

    Anda Fridrihsone-Girone

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.3, No.1, pp. 28-33, 2015, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2014.634136

    Abstract This study assesses present preliminary Life Cycle Inventory for rapeseed oil polyols suitable for the production of polyurethane, which is one of the most widely used polymer materials. Due to growing environmental problems, the polyurethane industry is seeking bio-based raw materials. A study was carried out for rapeseed oil triethanolamine polyol developed at Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry. The cradle-to-gate study was carried out with functional unit of 1 kg rapeseed oil polyol synthesized in a scaled-up pilot reactor. The results show that at the midpoint level the production of rapeseed oil has the More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Photodegradation of Polyurethane Foam Obtained from Renewable Resource–Pulp Production Byproducts

    A. Paberza*, L. Stiebra, U. Cabulis

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.3, No.1, pp. 19-27, 2015, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2014.634138

    Abstract Rigid polyurethane foams were obtained from pulp production byproducts. Three different polyols were used—tall oil polyol, lignopolyol and commercially available polyol for comparison. The obtained rigid polyurethane foams underwent photodegradation at 60°C temperature and at 0.89 W/m2 intensity of UV light radiation up to 1000 h. Changes in chemical structure were observed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study changes in cell morphology. Spectrophotometery was used to determine yellowing of the foams. Results showed that the thickness of degraded layer for rigid polyurethane foams obtained from pulp production byproducts was More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Flexible Polyurethane Foams Modifi ed with New Bio-Polyol Based on Rapeseed Oil

    Sławomir Michałowski, Aleksander Prociak*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.3, No.1, pp. 14-18, 2015, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2014.634131

    Abstract This article describes the effects of the modifi cation of polyurethane system with rapeseed oil-based polyol on the cell structure and physical-mechanical properties of conventional fl exible polyurethane foams. The foams were prepared by substituting a part of the petrochemical polyether-polyols mixture with the bio-polyol based on rapeseed oil. Selected physical-mechanical properties of these foams were examined and compared to the properties of reference foam. The properties such as apparent density, resilience, comfort factor and stress-strain characteristics were analyzed in compression tests. It was found that the modifi cation of polyurethane formulation with rapeseed oil-based More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Linseed Oil-Based Polyurethane Rigid Foams: Synthesis and Characterization

    Tamara Calvo-Correas1, Mirna A. Mosiewicki2, M. Angeles Corcuera1, Arantxa Eceiza1, Mirta I. Aranguren2,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.3, No.1, pp. 3-13, 2015, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2014.634132

    Abstract Rigid polyurethane foams were synthesized by using a vegetable oil-based polyol and 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate prepolymer as the majority of reactives,. The polyol was produced by hydroxylation of crude linseed oil with performic acid generated in situ by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The characterization by FTIR, H1 NMR, iodine and hydroxyl values of the polyol and its comparison with the original linseed oil supports the success of the reaction. The reference foam was subsequently modifi ed by substituting part of the linseed oil polyol with glycerol, diethylene glycol, and a polyethylene glycol More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Bulk CO2-based Amorphous Triols Used for Designing Biocompatible Shape-Memory Polyurethanes

    Shunjie Liu1,2, Yusheng Qin1,*, Xianhong Wang1,*, Fosong Wang1

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.3, No.2, pp. 101-112, 2015, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2014.634140

    Abstract Precursors with sharp crystalline transition temperature have attracted signifi cant attention in the fi eld of shape-memory materials; however, seldom have reports been related to amorphous ones with industrial application prospects. This study introduced a new family of amorphous CO2 -based hydroxyl-telechelic three-armed oligo(carbonate-ether) triol (Triol) with controllable molecular weight (Mn) and carbonate unit content (CU), which was coupled with PEG and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) to afford crosslinked polyurethanes (PU) networks with well-defi ned architecture. A crosslinking point was provided by Triol and PEG was used to afford networks some crystallinity. The resulting networks were characterized… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Revalorisation of Posidonia Oceanica as Reinforcement in Polyethylene/Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polyethylene Composites

    D. Puglia*, R. Petrucci, E. Fortunati, F. Luzi, J.M. Kenny, L. Torre

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 66-76, 2014, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2013.634134

    Abstract Posidonia Oceanica waste was used as reinforcement in a polyethylene matrix and the obtained composites were characterised by a tensile test and morphological analysis. The fi brous material derived from P. Oceanica wastes was characterised by morphological, thermal and chemical analysis, and a subsequent treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at different weight content (2, 5 and 10 wt%) was considered as an optimised method for surface modifi cation of pristine fi bres (PO). The TGA analysis and morphological investigation of the treated fi bres selected the 5 wt% of NaOH as the best treatment. Matrix compatibilisation with More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Bio-Based High Functionality Polyols and Their Use in 1K Polyurethane Coatings

    Thomas J. Nelson, Lindsey Bultema, Neal Eidenschink, Dean C. Webster*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 141-153, 2013, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2013.634113

    Abstract Bio-based polyols with high functionality were successfully synthesized by ring-opening epoxidized sucrose esters of soybean oil with methanol under acidic conditions, and were subsequently formulated with blocked isocyanates to form one package polyurethanes (1KPU). The bio-based polyols were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) spectroscopy, and Brookfi eld viscosity. Bio-based coatings were prepared by formulating the polyols with blocked polyisocyanates based on isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). Two types of bio-based polyols were synthesized and the ratio of NCO:OH functional groups was More >

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