Jingru Lv¹, Jianpeng Hu^1,*, Jin Zhao², Yonghao Luo¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.073212 - 10 February 2026

Abstract Chinese abbreviations improve communicative efficiency by extracting key components from longer expressions. They are widely used in both daily communication and professional domains. However, existing abbreviation generation methods still face two major challenges. First, sequence-labeling-based approaches often neglect contextual meaning by making binary decisions at the character level, leading to abbreviations that fail to capture semantic completeness. Second, generation-based methods rely heavily on a single decoding process, which frequently produces correct abbreviations but ranks them lower due to inadequate semantic evaluation. To address these limitations, we propose a novel two-stage framework with Generation–Iterative Optimization for More >

Anis Zarrad¹, Thomas Armstrong², Jaber Jemai^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.072768 - 12 January 2026

Abstract Test case prioritization and ranking play a crucial role in software testing by improving fault detection efficiency and ensuring software reliability. While prioritization selects the most relevant test cases for optimal coverage, ranking further refines their execution order to detect critical faults earlier. This study investigates machine learning techniques to enhance both prioritization and ranking, contributing to more effective and efficient testing processes. We first employ advanced feature engineering alongside ensemble models, including Gradient Boosted, Support Vector Machines, Random Forests, and Naive Bayes classifiers to optimize test case prioritization, achieving an accuracy score of 0.98847… More >

Sophort Siet¹, Sony Peng², Ilkhomjon Sadriddinov³, Kyuwon Park^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.071192 - 12 January 2026

Abstract Recommendation systems have become indispensable for providing tailored suggestions and capturing evolving user preferences based on interaction histories. The collaborative filtering (CF) model, which depends exclusively on user-item interactions, commonly encounters challenges, including the cold-start problem and an inability to effectively capture the sequential and temporal characteristics of user behavior. This paper introduces a personalized recommendation system that combines deep learning techniques with Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) optimization to address these limitations. With the strong support of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, we apply it to identify sequential dependencies of user behavior and then incorporate… More >

Emad Sami Jaha^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.3, pp. 3645-3678, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.068681 - 30 September 2025

Abstract The human ear has been substantiated as a viable nonintrusive biometric modality for identification or verification. Among many feasible techniques for ear biometric recognition, convolutional neural network (CNN) models have recently offered high-performance and reliable systems. However, their performance can still be further improved using the capabilities of soft biometrics, a research question yet to be investigated. This research aims to augment the traditional CNN-based ear recognition performance by adding increased discriminatory ear soft biometric traits. It proposes a novel framework of augmented ear identification/verification using a group of discriminative categorical soft biometrics and deriving… More > Graphic Abstract

Vishwas Deep Joshi¹, Priya Agarwal¹, Lenka Čepová², Huda Alsaud³, Ajay Kumar^4,*, B. Swarna⁵, Ashish Kumar⁶

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.1, pp. 969-1011, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.063996 - 31 July 2025

Abstract In a world where supply chains are increasingly complex and unpredictable, finding the optimal way to move goods through transshipment networks is more important and challenging than ever. In addition to addressing the complexity of transportation costs and demand, this study presents a novel method that offers flexible routing alternatives to manage these complexities. When real-world variables such as fluctuating costs, variable capacity, and unpredictable demand are considered, traditional transshipment models often prove inadequate. To overcome these challenges, we propose an innovative fully fuzzy-based framework using LR flat fuzzy numbers. This framework allows for more… More >

Ali Hamid Farea^1,*, Iman Askerzade^1,2, Omar H. Alhazmi³, Savaş Takan⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 1457-1484, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064872 - 09 June 2025

Abstract Feature selection (FS) is a pivotal pre-processing step in developing data-driven models, influencing reliability, performance and optimization. Although existing FS techniques can yield high-performance metrics for certain models, they do not invariably guarantee the extraction of the most critical or impactful features. Prior literature underscores the significance of equitable FS practices and has proposed diverse methodologies for the identification of appropriate features. However, the challenge of discerning the most relevant and influential features persists, particularly in the context of the exponential growth and heterogeneity of big data—a challenge that is increasingly salient in modern artificial… More >

Thanh Bui-Minh¹, Nguyen Long Giang¹, Luan Thanh Le^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 1203-1226, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064403 - 09 June 2025

Abstract Image-based similar trademark retrieval is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task in the trademark examination process. This paper aims to support trademark examiners by training Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) models for effective Trademark Image Retrieval (TIR). To achieve this goal, we first develop a novel labeling method that automatically generates hundreds of thousands of labeled similar and dissimilar trademark image pairs using accompanying data fields such as citation lists, Vienna classification (VC) codes, and trademark ownership information. This approach eliminates the need for manual labeling and provides a large-scale dataset suitable for training deep learning… More >

Hongliang Tian, Zhong Fan^*, Zhiyang Ruan, Aomen Zhao

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 5199-5217, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063274 - 19 May 2025

Abstract With the continuous growth of exponential data in IoT, it is usually chosen to outsource data to the cloud server. However, cloud servers are usually provided by third parties, and there is a risk of privacy leakage. Encrypting data can ensure its security, but at the same time, it loses the retrieval function of IoT data. Searchable Encryption (SE) can achieve direct retrieval based on ciphertext data. The traditional searchable encryption scheme has the problems of imperfect function, low retrieval efficiency, inaccurate retrieval results, and centralized cloud servers being vulnerable and untrustworthy. This paper proposes… More >

Simona-Vasilica Oprea^*, Adela Bâra

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 3827-3853, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.051598 - 20 June 2024

Abstract The potential of text analytics is revealed by Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. In this paper, we propose an NLP framework that is applied to multiple datasets to detect malicious Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). Three categories of features, both ML and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms and a ranking schema are included in the proposed framework. We apply frequency and prediction-based embeddings, such as hash vectorizer, Term Frequency-Inverse Dense Frequency (TF-IDF) and predictors, word to vector-word2vec (continuous bag of words, skip-gram) from Google, to extract features from text. Further, we apply more… More >

Razieh Keshavarzi, Mehdi Jahangiri^*

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.6, pp. 1381-1401, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.050029 - 21 May 2024

Abstract Nowadays, the use of renewable energies, especially wind, solar, and biomass, is essential as an effective solution to address global environmental and economic challenges. Therefore, the current study examines the energy-economic-environmental analysis of off-grid electricity generation systems using solar panels, wind turbines, and biomass generators in various weather conditions in Iran. Simulations over 25 years were conducted using HOMER v2.81 software, aiming to determine the potential of each region and find the lowest cost of electricity production per kWh. In the end, to identify the most suitable location, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity… More > Graphic Abstract