Hafiza Saima Gul^1,2,*, Mumtaz Hussain¹, Tayyaba Sanaullah³, Habib-ur-Rehman Athar², Ibrahim Al-Ashkar⁴, Muhammad Kamran⁵, Mohammed Antar⁶, Ayman El Sabagh^7,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.9, pp. 2893-2909, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.058816 - 30 September 2025

Abstract The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead (Pb) from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge. Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil, affecting its uptake, transport, and toxicity in plants. This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid (CA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of Pb and its effect on growth and physiology of two cultivars (07001; 07002) of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The cultivars of mung bean were exposed to 60 mg·L⁻¹ lead chloride (PbCl₂) solution, with or without the addition of 300 mg·L⁻¹ CA or 500 mg·L⁻¹ DTPA, until… More >

Lina Song¹, Caijie Yi¹, Shiwei Zhao¹, Yuxin Peng¹, Zijing Li¹, Yuqiang Zhang ², Hua Zhang¹, Helan Qin¹, Huali Zhang^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2593-2613, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.068133 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Naturally occurring yellow leaf mutants are an important resource for studying pigment content and biosynthesis, as well as related gene expression. In our ongoing cultivation of Rehmannia chingii H. L. Li, we found an off-type yellow plant. The yellowing started with the new leaves and gradually spread downward until the entire plant exhibited a stable shade of yellow. We studied the differences in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content, carotenoid profile, and transcriptome of this yellow-leaf mutant (P2). Compared to the wild-type R. chingii plant (P1), P2 leaves had significantly lower chlorophyll and carotenoid content. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed More >

Jinge Li^1,2, Chuyao Wang^1,2, Fangbo Cao^1,2, Min Huang^1,2,*, Jiana Chen^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.7, pp. 2155-2165, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.066940 - 31 July 2025

Abstract Grain filling is a critical determinant of yield and quality in rice. This study aims to clarify the association between grain photosynthesis and the filling rate of rice varieties with different grain weights, providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing grain-filling processes. Two rice varieties with similar growth duration but different grain weights were selected: a large-grain variety, Lingliangyou 268 (L268), and a small-grain variety, Ruiliangyou 1053 (R1053). Differences in grain filling, grain photosynthetic rate, and grain chlorophyll content were systematically examined during the filling stage. Results showed significant differences in grain-filling, grain photosynthetic rate, and… More >

Antonela Markulj Kulundžić^1,*, Daniela Horvat², Marija Kovačević Babić², Anto Mijić¹, Aleksandra Sudarić¹, Maja Matoša Kočar¹, Tomislav Duvnjak¹, Ivica Liović¹, Ivana Varga³, Marija Viljevac Vuletić^2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.7, pp. 2075-2095, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065961 - 31 July 2025

Abstract Sunflower leaf photosynthesis strongly depends on the leaf position in the plant stem conditioning, which directly affects other physiological processes. Therefore, a study of the leaf’s physiological status regarding the leaf position in the stem was performed on sunflowers in the flowering stage. Eight differently positioned leaves were investigated, starting with the youngest leaf on the top of the stem to the leaves of the stem bottom, assigned as the oldest senescent leaves. According to chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters connected to photosystem II (PSII) processes, significant changes in PSII functioning occurred only in the senescent… More >

Tetyana Pokynbroda¹, Ihor Semeniuk^1,2, Agnieszka Gąszczak³, Elbieta Szczyrba³, Nataliya Semenyuk², Volodymyr Skorokhoda², Serhiy Pyshyev^4,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.7, pp. 1439-1458, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0030 - 22 July 2025

Abstract The selection of carbon sources and the biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by the Azotobacter vinelandii N-15 strain using renewable raw materials were investigated. Among the tested substrates (starch, sucrose, molasses, bran), molasses as the carbon source yielded the highest PHB production. The maximum polymer yield (26% of dry biomass) was achieved at a molasses concentration of 40 g/L. PHB formation was confirmed via thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Composite films based on PHB, polylactic acid (PLA), and their blends were fabricated using the solvent casting. The biodegradation of these films was studied More > Graphic Abstract

Zhihong Wang^1,#, Wei Wei^1,2,#, Song Wang¹, Bingli Zhou², Yingle Chen¹, Liu Yang¹, Qiaoguang Li², Lei Zeng^1,*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.42, No.2, pp. 449-462, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2025.066668 - 14 July 2025

Abstract In this study, 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (ECC) and refined Camellia oleifera seed oil (RCOSO) obtained from saponification and acidified hydrolysis has been used as raw materials to perform ring-opening reactions for the preparation of cyclohexyl acrylate derivative (CAR). The structure of the synthesized product was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CAR was employed as a plasticizer to produce modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films, dioctyl phthalate plasticizer (DOP) used in reference samples to investigate the influence of different plasticizer molecular structures on the properties of PVC films. Observation suggested that (1) CAR More >

Zhen-Yu Chen¹, Yue-RU Wang¹, De-Yi Teng¹, Yan-Fang Xue¹, Gui-Chang Jiang^1,2,*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.42, No.2, pp. 359-377, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2025.063342 - 14 July 2025

Abstract PU, or polyurethane, features a repeating urethane group (-NH-COO-) in its molecular structure. Traditionally, PUs are synthesized from isocyanate and polyol compounds derived from fossil resources through polymerization reactions. The depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing climate problems call for the expansion of more renewable sources of chemicals, such as modern biomass. However, the conversion of biomass into chemicals is challenging due to the inherent molecular complexity of its composition. In recent years, advances in green chemistry have led researchers to focus on developing bio-based polyurethanes by sourcing polyols, isocyanates, and chain extender precursors More >

Dongheng Ye¹, Heping Li^2,3, Ning An^2,3, Jian Cheng^2,3, Liang Wang^1,4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 3731-3747, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063693 - 03 July 2025

Abstract The newly emerging neural radiance fields (NeRF) methods can implicitly fulfill three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction via training a neural network to render novel-view images of a given scene with given posed images. The Instant Neural Graphics Primitives (Instant-NGP) method further improves the position encoding of NeRF. It obtains state-of-the-art efficiency. However, only a local pixel-wised loss is considered when training the Instant-NGP while overlooking the nonlocal structural information between pixels. Despite a good quantitative result, it leads to a poor visual effect, especially the completeness. Inspired by the stochastic structural similarity (S3IM) method that exploits nonlocal… More >

Yi-Chen Lee¹, Yann-Horng Lin², Wen-Jer Chang^2,*, Muhammad Shamrooz Aslam^3,*, Zi-Yao Lin²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.2, pp. 1433-1461, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.064717 - 30 May 2025

Abstract An optimal fuzzy tracking synthesis for nonlinear discrete-time descriptor systems is discussed through the Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) approach and the Proportional-Difference (P-D) feedback framework. Based on the Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Descriptor Model (T-SFDM), a nonlinear discrete-time descriptor system is represented as several linear fuzzy subsystems, which facilitates the linear P-D feedback technique and streamlines the fuzzy controller design process. Leveraging the P-D feedback fuzzy controller, the closed-loop T-SFDM can be transformed into a standard system that guarantees non-impulsiveness and causality for the nonlinear discrete-time descriptor system. In view of the disturbance problems, a passive performance… More >

Dandan Wang^*, Jiaxin Chen, Yanwen Zhang

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.4, pp. 1137-1158, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.063894 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Taxus cuspidata, a rare species of the Taxus genus, and its wild resources are under severe threat. The development of cultivated species has become an important strategy to replace wild species. The objective of this work was to elucidate the differences in secondary metabolite accumulation, particularly in the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway, between wild and cultivated species. This study employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technologies to conduct integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of wild and cultivated species of T. cuspidata. The results showed that the content of paclitaxel in cultivated species was significantly higher… More >