Mohammed Kaddi^1,*, Abdallah Banana², Mohammed Omari¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.2, pp. 1497-1510, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012116

Abstract Wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely used due to its vast range of applications. The energy problem is one of the important problems influencing the complete application. Sensor nodes use very small batteries as a power source and replacing them is not an easy task. With this restriction, the sensor nodes must conserve their energy and extend the network lifetime as long as possible. Also, these limits motivate much of the research to suggest solutions in all layers of the protocol stack to save energy. So, energy management efficiency becomes a key requirement in WSN design. The efficiency of… More >

Ting Xu¹, Ming Zhao¹, Xin Yao^{1, *}, Kun He²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.65, No.2, pp. 1605-1624, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.011458

Abstract With the expansion of the application range and network scale of wireless sensor networks in recent years, WSNs often generate data surges and delay queues during the transmission process, causing network paralysis, even resulting in local or global congestion. In this paper, a dynamically Adjusted Duty Cycle for Optimized Congestion based on a real-time Queue Length (ADCOC) scheme is proposed. In order to improve the resource utilization rate of network nodes, we carried out optimization analysis based on the theory and applied it to the adjustment of the node’s duty cycle strategy. Using this strategy to ensure that the network… More >

Tao Liu, Gan Huang^*, Ping Zhang

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.24, No.3, pp. 519-529, 2018, DOI:10.31209/2018.100000019

Abstract In this article, a new user authentication protocol using trust model, elliptic curve cryptography and biometrics for WSNs is submitted. The result of the trust model analysis indicates that the model can improve the model’s ability of withstanding attacks from the malicious nodes. The results of safety analysis and performance analysis for our proposed user authentication protocol demonstrate that this protocol can be flexible to all sorts of common known attacks and performs similarly or better compared with some active user authentication protocols. It is suitable for WSNs which have a prominent request for the security and the performance. More >

Wenjie Yu, Xunbo Li, Hang Yang, Bo Huang

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.24, No.2, pp. 367-376, 2018, DOI:10.1080/10798587.2017.1294873

Abstract This paper studies how to deploy relay nodes into traditional wireless sensor networks with constraint aiming to simultaneously optimize two important factors; average energy consumption and average network reliability. We consider tackling this multi-objective (MO) optimization problem with three metaheuristics, which employ greatly different evolutional strategies, and aim at an in-depth analysis of different performances of these metaheuristics to our problem. For this purpose, a statistical procedure is employed to analyse the results for confidence, in consideration of two MO quality metrics; hypervolume and coverage of two sets. After comprehensive analysis of the results, it is concluded that NSGA-II provides… More >

V. Manikandan^{1, *}, M. Sivaram¹, Amin Salih Mohammed², V. Porkodi³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.2, pp. 753-776, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010267

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprises low power devices that are randomly distributed in a geographically isolated region. The energy consumption of nodes is an essential factor to be considered. Therefore, an improved energy management technique is designed in this investigation to reduce its consumption and to enhance the network’s lifetime. This can be attained by balancing energy clusters using a meta-heuristic Firefly algorithm model for network communication. This improved technique is based on the cluster head selection technique with measurement of the tour length of fireflies. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheduler is also improved with the characteristics/behavior of fireflies… More >

Jin Wang^{1, 2, 3}, Yu Gao², Chang Zhou², R. Simon Sherratt⁴, Lei Wang^{5, *}

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.62, No.2, pp. 695-711, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.08674

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are usually formed with many tiny sensors which are randomly deployed within sensing field for target monitoring. These sensors can transmit their monitored data to the sink in a multi-hop communication manner. However, the ‘hot spots’ problem will be caused since nodes near sink will consume more energy during forwarding. Recently, mobile sink based technology provides an alternative solution for the long-distance communication and sensor nodes only need to use single hop communication to the mobile sink during data transmission. Even though it is difficult to consider many network metrics such as sensor position, residual energy… More >

Bing Hu¹, Feng Xiang², Fan Wu³, Jian Liu⁴, Zhe Sun¹, Zhixin Sun^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.3, pp. 1323-1344, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06414

Abstract To cope with the arbitrariness of the network delays, a novel method, referred to as the composite particle filter approach based on variational Bayesian (VB-CPF), is proposed herein to estimate the clock skew and clock offset in wireless sensor networks. VB-CPF is an improvement of the Gaussian mixture kalman particle filter (GMKPF) algorithm. In GMKPF, Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm needs to determine the number of mixture components in advance, and it is easy to generate overfitting and underfitting. Variational Bayesian EM (VB-EM) algorithm is introduced in this paper to determine the number of mixture components adaptively according to the observations. Moreover,… More >

Yong Xie¹, Fang Xu², Xiang Li¹, Songsong Zhang¹, Xiaodan Zhang^1,*, Muhammad Israr³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.59, No.3, pp. 903-924, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05309

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the major contributors to big data acquisition. The authenticity and integrity of the data are two most important basic requirements for various services based on big data. Data aggregation is a promising method to decrease operation cost for resource-constrained WSNs. However, the process of data acquisitions in WSNs are in open environments, data aggregation is vulnerable to more special security attacks with hiding feature and subjective fraudulence, such as coalition attack. Aimed to provide data authenticity and integrity protection for WSNs, an efficient and secure identity-based aggregate signature scheme (EIAS) is proposed in this paper.… More >

Demin Gao^{1, 2, *}, Shuo Zhang¹, Fuquan Zhang¹, Xijian Fan¹, Jinchi Zhang^1,∗

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.59, No.2, pp. 649-667, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05195

Abstract For rechargeable wireless sensor networks, limited energy storage capacity, dynamic energy supply, low and dynamic duty cycles cause that it is unpractical to maintain a fixed routing path for packets delivery permanently from a source to destination in a distributed scenario. Therefore, before data delivery, a sensor has to update its waking schedule continuously and share them to its neighbors, which lead to high energy expenditure for reestablishing path links frequently and low efficiency of energy utilization for collecting packets. In this work, we propose the maximum data generation rate routing protocol based on data flow controlling technology. For a… More >

Mohammed Kaddi^1,3,*, Khelifa Benahmed², Mohammed Omari³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.58, No.3, pp. 603-624, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05341

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have hardware and software limitations and are deployed in hostile environments. The problem of energy consumption in WSNs has become a very important axis of research. To obtain good performance in terms of the network lifetime, several routing protocols have been proposed in the literature. Hierarchical routing is considered to be the most favorable approach in terms of energy efficiency. It is based on the concept parent-child hierarchy where the child nodes forward their messages to their parent, and then the parent node forwards them, directly or via other parent nodes, to the base station (sink).… More >