Zhenyu Yan^1,*, Haotian Bian²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.2, pp. 2241-2257, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.040603

Abstract As millimeter waves will be widely used in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Telematics to provide high bandwidth communication and mass connectivity, the coverage optimization of base stations can effectively improve the quality of communication services. How to optimize the convergence speed of the base station coverage solution is crucial for IoT service providers. This paper proposes the Muti-Fusion Sparrow Search Algorithm (MFSSA) optimize the situation to address the problem of discrete coverage maximization and rapid convergence. Firstly, the initial swarm diversity is enriched using a sine chaotic map, and dynamic adaptive weighting is added to the discoverer location… More >

Hoonyong Park¹, TaeGuen Kim¹, Daniel Gerbi Duguma¹, Jiyoon Kim², Ilsun You^2,*, Willy Susilo³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1145-1165, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.032044

Abstract Network operators are attempting many innovations and changes in 5G using self-organizing networks (SON). The SON operates on the measurement reports (MR), which are obtained from user equipment (UE) and secured against malware and userspace programs. However, the synchronization signal block that the UE relies on to measure the wireless environment configured by a base station is not authenticated. As a result, the UE will likely gauge the wrong wireless environment configured by a false base station (FBS) and transmit the corresponding MR to the serving base station, which poisons the data used for 5G SONs. Therefore, the serving base… More >

Khalid Hamid¹, Muhammad Waseem Iqbal^2,*, Muhammad Usman Ashraf³, Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi⁴, Adel A. Bahaddad⁵, Khalid Ali Almarhabi⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 363-378, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032271

Abstract Due to a tremendous increase in mobile traffic, mobile operators have started to restructure their networks to offload their traffic. New research directions will lead to fundamental changes in the design of future Fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks. For the formal reason, the study solves the physical network of the mobile base station for the prediction of the best characteristics to develop an enhanced network with the help of graph theory. Any number that can be uniquely calculated by a graph is known as a graph invariant. During the last two decades, innumerable numerical graph invariants have been portrayed and used… More >

M. Prabhu^1,*, B. Muthu Kumar²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.2, pp. 2513-2525, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.027823

Abstract Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the form of a digital system and a way of encoding digital data across multiple frequency components that are used in telecommunication services. Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) inaccuracy is a major disadvantage of OFDM. This paper proposed a feasible and elegant fuzzy-based resource allocation technique, that overcomes the constraints of the CFO. The suggested Fuzzy linear CFO estimation (FL-CFO) not only estimates the CFO with increased precision but also allocates resources effectively, and achieves maximum utilization of dynamic resources. The suggested FL-CFO error estimation algorithm in OFDM systems employing 1-bit Quadrate errors ADC (1-bit QE)… More >

Ganesh Jayaraman^1,*, V R Sarma Dhulipala²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.2, pp. 1705-1719, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.025253

Abstract Nowadays, wireless sensor networks play a vital role in our day to day life. Wireless communication is preferred for many sensing applications due its convenience, flexibility and effectiveness. The sensors to sense the environmental factor are versatile and send sensed data to central station wirelessly. The cluster based protocols are provided an optimal solution for enhancing the lifetime of the sensor networks. In this paper, modified K-means ++ algorithm is used to form the cluster and cluster head in an efficient way and the Advanced Energy-Efficient Cluster head selection Algorithm (AEECA) is used to calculate the weighted factor of the… More >

J. Premalatha^*, A. SahayaAnselin Nisha

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.1, pp. 811-826, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.026523

Abstract The traffic activity of fifth generation (5G) networks demand for new energy management techniques that is dynamic deep and longer duration of sleep as compared to the fourth generation (4G) network technologies that demand always for varied control and data signalling based on control base station (CBS) and data base station (DBS). Hence, this paper discusses the energy management in wireless cellular networks using wide range of control for twice the reduction in energy conservation in non-standalone deployment of 5G network. As the new radio (NR) based 5G network is configured to transmit signal blocks for every 20 ms, the proposed… More >

E. Elamaran^1,*, B. Sudhakar²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.3, pp. 1467-1477, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.020625

Abstract Essential components in wireless systems are schedulin and resource allocation. The problems in scheduling refers to inactive users in a given time slot and in terms of resource allocation it refers to the issues in the allocation of physical layer resources such as power and bandwidth among the active users. In the Long Time Evolution (LTE) downlink scheduling the optimized problem refers to the flow deadlines that incorporate the formulation in the surveyed scheduling algorithm for achieving enhanced performance levels. The major challenges appear in the areas of quality and bandwidth constrains in the video processing sectors in 5G. The… More >

S. Sudha Mercy^1,*, J. M. Mathana², J. S. Leena Jasmine³

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 589-604, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.021068

Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) encompasses several tiny devices termed as Sensor Nodes (SN) that have restriction in resources with lower energy, memory, together with computation. Data Aggregation (DA) is required to optimize WSN for secured data transmission at Cluster Head (CH) together with Base Station (BS). With regard to the Energy Efficiency (EE) along with the privacy conservation requirements of WSN in big-data processing and aggregation, this paper proposed Diversity centered Adaptive Moth-Flame Optimization (DAMFO) for Optimal Path Selection (OPS) and DA in WSN. In the proposed work, initially, the Trust Evaluation (TE) process is performed. The Pompeiu Distance-centered Fuzzy… More >

Samir Salem Al-Bawri^1,*, Mohammad Tariqul Islam², Mandeep Jit Singh^1,2, Mohd Faizal Jamlos³, Adam Narbudowicz⁴, Max J. Ammann⁴, Dominique M. M. P. Schreurs⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5437-5452, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020781

Abstract The paper proposes an Indoor Localization System (ILS) which uses only one fixed Base Station (BS) with simple non-reconfigurable antennas. The proposed algorithm measures Received Signal Strength (RSS) and maps it to the location in the room by estimating signal strength of a direct line of sight (LOS) signal and signal of the first order reflection from the wall. The algorithm is evaluated through both simulations and empirical measurements in a furnished open space office, sampling 21 different locations in the room. It is demonstrated the system can identify user’s real-time location with a maximum estimation error below 0.7 m… More >

Rao Muhammad Asif¹, Mustafa Shakir¹, Jamel Nebhen², Ateeq Ur Rehman³, Muhammad Shafiq^4,*, Jin-Ghoo Choi⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5889-5905, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020777

Abstract 5G technology can greatly improve spectral efficiency (SE) and throughput of wireless communications. In this regard, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology has become the most influential technology using huge antennas and user equipment (UE). However, the use of MIMO in 5G wireless technology will increase circuit power consumption and reduce energy efficiency (EE). In this regard, this article proposes an optimal solution for weighing SE and throughput tradeoff with energy efficiency. The research work is based on the Wyner model of uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmission under the multi-cell model scenario. The SE-EE trade-off is carried out by… More >