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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy Efficiency Trade-off with Spectral Efficiency in MIMO Systems

    Rao Muhammad Asif1, Mustafa Shakir1, Jamel Nebhen2, Ateeq Ur Rehman3, Muhammad Shafiq4,*, Jin-Ghoo Choi4

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5889-5905, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020777 - 11 October 2021

    Abstract 5G technology can greatly improve spectral efficiency (SE) and throughput of wireless communications. In this regard, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology has become the most influential technology using huge antennas and user equipment (UE). However, the use of MIMO in 5G wireless technology will increase circuit power consumption and reduce energy efficiency (EE). In this regard, this article proposes an optimal solution for weighing SE and throughput tradeoff with energy efficiency. The research work is based on the Wyner model of uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmission under the multi-cell model scenario. The SE-EE… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    RSS-Based Selective Clustering Technique Using Master Node for WSN

    Vikram Rajpoot1, Vivek Tiwari2, Akash Saxena3, Prashant Chaturvedi4, Dharmendra Singh Rajput5, Mohammed Alkahtani6,7, Mustufa Haider Abidi7,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.3, pp. 3917-3930, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015826 - 24 August 2021

    Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are designed to monitor the physical properties of the target area. The received signal strength (RSS) plays a significant role in reducing sensor node power consumption during data transmission. Proper utilization of RSS values with clustering is required to harvest the energy of each network node to prolong the network life span. This paper introduces the RSS-based energy-efficient selective clustering technique using a master node (RESCM) to improve energy utilization using a master node. The master node positioned at the center of the network area and base station (BS) is placed More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Intelligent Hybrid Mutual Authentication Scheme for Industrial Internet of Thing Networks

    Muhammad Adil1, Jehad Ali2, Muhammad Sajjad Khan3, Junsu Kim3, Ryan Alturki4, Mohammad Zakarya4, Mukhtaj Khan4, Rahim Khan4, Su Min Kim3,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 447-470, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014967 - 22 March 2021

    Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) network used for industrial management is vulnerable to different security threats due to its unstructured deployment, and dynamic communication behavior. In literature various mechanisms addressed the security issue of Industrial IoT networks, but proper maintenance of the performance reliability is among the common challenges. In this paper, we proposed an intelligent mutual authentication scheme leveraging authentication aware node (AAN) and base station (BS) to identify routing attacks in Industrial IoT networks. The AAN and BS uses the communication parameter such as a route request (RREQ), node-ID, received signal strength (RSS), and More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy-Efficient Low-Complexity Algorithm in 5G Massive MIMO Systems

    Adeeb Salh1, Lukman Audah1,*, Qazwan Abdullah1, Nor Shahida M. Shah2, Shipun A. Hamzah1, Shahilah Nordin3, Nabil Farah2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3189-3214, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014746 - 01 March 2021

    Abstract Energy efficiency (EE) is a critical design when taking into account circuit power consumption (CPC) in fifth-generation cellular networks. These problems arise because of the increasing number of antennas in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, attributable to inter-cell interference for channel state information. Apart from that, a higher number of radio frequency (RF) chains at the base station and active users consume more power due to the processing activities in digital-to-analogue converters and power amplifiers. Therefore, antenna selection, user selection, optimal transmission power, and pilot reuse power are important aspects in improving energy efficiency in… More >

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