Osama S. Younes^1,2,*, Abdulmohsen Alharbi¹, Ali Yasseen¹, Faisal Alshareef¹, Faisal Albalawi¹, Umar A. Albalawi^1,3

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.3, pp. 2895-2920, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.040162

Abstract Due to their significant correlation and redundancy, conventional block cipher cryptosystems are not efficient in encrypting multimedia data. Stream ciphers based on Cellular Automata (CA) can provide a more effective solution. The CA have recently gained recognition as a robust cryptographic primitive, being used as pseudorandom number generators in hash functions, block ciphers and stream ciphers. CA have the ability to perform parallel transformations, resulting in high throughput performance. Additionally, they exhibit a natural tendency to resist fault attacks. Few stream cipher schemes based on CA have been proposed in the literature. Though, their encryption/decryption throughput is relatively low, which… More >

Amita Asthana^1,*, Anil Kumar¹, Preeta Sharan²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.3, pp. 2901-2917, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.030548

Abstract Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) technology is emerging as a future technology which designs the digital circuits at quantum levels. The technology has gained popularity in terms of designing digital circuits, which occupy very less area and less power dissipation in comparison to the present complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. For designing the routers at quantum levels with non-blocking capabilities various multi-stage networks have been proposed. This manuscript presents the design of the N×N Clos switch matrix as a multistage interconnecting network using quantum-dot cellular automata technology. The design of the Clos switch matrix presented in the article uses… More >

K. A. Fasila^*, Sheena Mathew

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.1, pp. 2097-2114, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029637

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) has become widely used nowadays and tremendous increase in the number of users raises its security requirements as well. The constraints on resources such as low computational capabilities and power requirements demand lightweight cryptosystems. Conventional algorithms are not applicable in IoT network communications because of the constraints mentioned above. In this work, a novel and efficient scheme for providing security in IoT applications is introduced. The scheme proposes how security can be enhanced in a distributed IoT application by providing multilevel protection and dynamic key generation in the data uploading and transfer phases. Existing works rely… More >

P. Hemalatha^1,*, K. Dhanalakshmi²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.2, pp. 811-825, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.020973

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) develop IoT (Internet of Things) that carry out an important part and include low-cost intelligent devices to gather information. However, these modern accessories have limitations concerning calculation, time taken for processing, storage capacity, and vitality sources. In addition to such restrictions, the foremost primary challenge for sensor networks is achieving reliable data transfer with the secured transmission in a hostile ambience containing vulnerable nodes. The proposed work initially analyses the relation between deployment configuration, lifetime of the deployed network, and transmission delay with this motivation. Besides, it also introduces a new cellular automata-based scheme for improving… More >

Saeed AlQadhi¹, Javed Mallick^1,*, Swapan Talukdar², Ahmed Ali Bindajam³, Ahmed Ali A. Shohan³, Shahfahad⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.129, No.2, pp. 755-786, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.016640

Abstract Given that many cities in Saudi Arabia have been observing rapid urbanization since the 1990s, scarce studies on the spatial pattern of urban expansion in Saudi Arabia have been conducted. Therefore, the present study investigates the evidence of land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics and urban sprawl in Abha City of Saudi Arabia, which has been experiencing rapid urbanization, from the past to the future using novel and sophisticated methods. The SVM classifier was used in this study to classify the LULC maps for 1990, 2000, and 2018. The LULC dynamics between 1990–2000, 2000–2018, and 1990–2018 have been analyzed… More >

Ying Wang^*, Haoran Shi, Shibo Ren

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.3, pp. 967-983, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015792

Abstract The corrosion of reinforcement in the concrete will cause the effective cross-sectional area of reinforcement to be weakened and the performance of reinforcement to change and lead to the degradation of the bond behavior between reinforcement and concrete, which can seriously affect the mechanical properties of the structural elements. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to accurately simulate the corrosion morphology and the corrosion products of reinforcement. This paper improves the previous cellular automata models and establishes a new cellular automata model framework for simulating the random pitting corrosion process of reinforcement in concrete. This model defines the detailed… More >

Yan Zou^1,2,3,*, Shaoliang Zhang¹, Yanhai Min¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.119, No.2, pp. 295-310, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2019.03873

Abstract The high precision population forecasting and spatial distribution modeling are very important for the theory and application of population sociology, city planning and Geo-Informatics. However, the two problems need to be solved for providing the high precision population information. One is how to improve the population forecasting precision of small area (e.g., street scale); another is how to improve the spatial resolution of urban population distribution model. To solve the two problems, some new methods are proposed in this contribution. (1) To improve the precision of small area population forecasting, a new method is developed based on the fade factor… More >

Angela Reynolds^∗,†, Kittisak Koombua^‡, Ramana M. Pidaparti^{†,‡, §}, Kevin R. Ward^†,¶

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.9, No.2, pp. 141-156, 2012, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2012.009.141

Abstract Better understanding of the acute/chronic inflammation in airways is very important in order to avoid lung injuries for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for treatment of respiratory problems. Local lung inflammation is triggered by many mechanisms within the lung, including pathogens. In this study, a cellular automata based model (CA) for pulmonary inflammation that incorporates biophysical processes during inflammatory responses was developed. The developed CA results in three possible outcomes related to homeostasis (healing), persistent infection, and resolved infection with high inflammation (inflamed state). The results from the model are validated qualitatively against other existing computational models. A sensitivity analysis was… More >

Ying Wang^1,*, Yuqian Zheng¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 375-419, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2019.06905

Abstract A numerical simulation method for the damage evolution of high-strength steel wire in a bridge cable under the action of pre-corrosion and fatigue is presented in this paper. Based on pitting accelerated crack nucleation theory in combination with continuum mechanics, cellular automata technology (CA) and finite element (FE) analysis, the damage evolution process of steel wire under pre-corrosion and fatigue is simulated. This method automatically generates a high-strength steel wire model with initial random pitting defects, and on the basis of this model, the fatigue damage evolution process is simulated; thus, the fatigue life and fatigue performance of the corroded… More >

T. Ghisu¹, B. Arca², G. Pellizzaro², P. Duce²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.102, No.1, pp. 83-102, 2014, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2014.102.083

Abstract Level-set approaches are efficient and versatile methods for solving interface tracking problems and have been used in recent years to describe wildland fire propagation. Being based on an Eulerian description of the spread problem, their numerical implementation offers improved computational agility and better portability to parallel computing environments with respect to vector-based simulators. The use of a continuous representation of the fire perimeter in place of the binary formulation used in Cellular Automata avoids the commonly observed distortion of the fire shape. This work presents an algorithm for fire-spread simulation based on a level-set formulation. The results are compared to… More >