R. Saravanan^1,*, R. Muthaiah¹, A. Rajesh²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.3, pp. 2339-2356, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.030898

Abstract This study develops an Enhanced Threshold Based Energy Detection approach (ETBED) for spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio network. The threshold identification method is implemented in the received signal at the secondary user based on the square law. The proposed method is implemented with the signal transmission of multiple outputs-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Additionally, the proposed method is considered the dynamic detection threshold adjustments and energy identification spectrum sensing technique in cognitive radio systems. In the dynamic threshold, the signal ratio-based threshold is fixed. The threshold is computed by considering the Modified Black Widow Optimization Algorithm (MBWO). So, the proposed… More > Graphic Abstract

Zeliang An¹, Tianqi Zhang^1,*, Debang Liu¹, Yuqing Xu², Gert Frølund Pedersen², Ming Shen²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.3, pp. 2817-2834, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037832

Abstract With the advent of the Industry 5.0 era, the Internet of Things (IoT) devices face unprecedented proliferation, requiring higher communications rates and lower transmission delays. Considering its high spectrum efficiency, the promising filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) technique using offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) has been applied to Beyond 5G (B5G) industry IoT networks. However, due to the broadcasting nature of wireless channels, the FBMC-OQAM industry IoT network is inevitably vulnerable to adversary attacks from malicious IoT nodes. The FBMC-OQAM industry cognitive radio network (ICRNet) is proposed to ensure security at the physical layer to tackle the above challenge. As a… More >

Nitin Mittal¹, Rohit Salgotra^2,3, Abhishek Sharma⁴, Sandeep Kaur⁵, S. S. Askar⁶, Mohamed Abouhawwash^7,8,*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.3, pp. 3159-3177, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.041059

Abstract The optimization of cognitive radio (CR) system using an enhanced firefly algorithm (EFA) is presented in this work. The Firefly algorithm (FA) is a nature-inspired algorithm based on the unique light-flashing behavior of fireflies. It has already proved its competence in various optimization problems, but it suffers from slow convergence issues. To improve the convergence performance of FA, a new variant named EFA is proposed. The effectiveness of EFA as a good optimizer is demonstrated by optimizing benchmark functions, and simulation results show its superior performance compared to biogeography-based optimization (BBO), bat algorithm, artificial bee colony, and FA. As an… More >

Sami Saeed Binyamin¹, Mahmoud Ragab^2,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 105-119, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.037311

Abstract Cognitive radio wireless sensor networks (CRWSN) can be defined as a promising technology for developing bandwidth-limited applications. CRWSN is widely utilized by future Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Since a promising technology, Cognitive Radio (CR) can be modelled to alleviate the spectrum scarcity issue. Generally, CRWSN has cognitive radio-enabled sensor nodes (SNs), which are energy limited. Hierarchical cluster-related techniques for overall network management can be suitable for the scalability and stability of the network. This paper focuses on designing the Modified Dwarf Mongoose Optimization Enabled Energy Aware Clustering (MDMO-EAC) Scheme for CRWSN. The MDMO-EAC technique mainly intends to group the… More >

Shayla Islam¹, Anil Kumar Budati^1,*, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan², Saoucene Mahfoudh³, Syed Bilal Hussian Shah³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.137, No.1, pp. 813-825, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.027595

Abstract In wireless communications, the Ambient Backscatter Communication (AmBC) technique is a promising approach, detecting user presence accurately at low power levels. At low power or a low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), there is no dedicated power for the users. Instead, they can transmit information by reflecting the ambient Radio Frequency (RF) signals in the spectrum. Therefore, it is essential to detect user presence in the spectrum for the transmission of data without loss or without collision at a specific time. In this paper, the authors proposed a novel Spectrum Sensing (SS) detection technique in the Cognitive Radio (CR) spectrum, by developing… More >

Omar Abdulghafoor¹, Musbah Shaat², Ibraheem Shayea³, Ahmad Hamood¹, Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud⁴, Ashraf Osman Ibrahim⁵, Fadhil Mukhlif^6,*, Herish Badal¹, Norafida Ithnin⁶, Ali Khadim Lwas⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.2, pp. 3045-3064, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033888

Abstract The computational complexity of resource allocation processes, in cognitive radio networks (CRNs), is a major issue to be managed. Furthermore, the complicated solution of the optimal algorithm for handling resource allocation in CRNs makes it unsuitable to adopt in real-world applications where both cognitive users, CRs, and primary users, PUs, exist in the identical geographical area. Hence, this work offers a primarily price-based power algorithm to reduce computational complexity in uplink scenarios while limiting interference to PUs to allowable threshold. Hence, this paper, compared to other frameworks proposed in the literature, proposes a two-step approach to reduce the complexity of… More >

Saifur Rahman Sabuj¹, Mohammad Saadman Alam², Majumder Haider², Md Akbar Hossain³, Al-Sakib Khan Pathan^4,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.136, No.2, pp. 1053-1089, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.024078

Abstract This paper discusses the significance and prospects of low altitude small satellite aerial vehicles to ensure smooth aerial-ground communications for next-generation broadband networks. To achieve the generic goals of fifthgeneration and beyond wireless networks, the existing aerial network architecture needs to be revisited. The detailed architecture of low altitude aerial networks and the challenges in resource management have been illustrated in this paper. Moreover, we have studied the coordination between promising communication technologies and low altitude aerial networks to provide robust network coverage. We talk about the techniques that can ensure userfriendly control and monitoring of the low altitude aerial… More > Graphic Abstract

Priyesh Kumar^*, Ponniyin Selvan

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 2041-2054, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.030291

Abstract The exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G networks has resulted in maximum users, and the role of cognitive radio has become pivotal in handling the crowded users. In this scenario, cognitive radio techniques such as spectrum sensing, spectrum sharing and dynamic spectrum access will become essential components in Wireless IoT communication. IoT devices must learn adaptively to the environment and extract the spectrum knowledge and inferred spectrum knowledge by appropriately changing communication parameters such as modulation index, frequency bands, coding rate etc., to accommodate the above characteristics. Implementing the above learning methods on the embedded chip leads… More >

R. Nandakumar¹, Vijayakumar Ponnusamy^2,*, Aman Kumar Mishra²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.3, pp. 2805-2819, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.028645

Abstract In the Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, many devices will communicate in the presence of the cellular network; the chances of availability of spectrum will be very scary given the presence of large numbers of mobile users and large amounts of applications. Spectrum prediction is very encouraging for high traffic next-generation wireless networks, where devices/machines which are part of the Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) can predict the spectrum state prior to transmission to save their limited energy by avoiding unnecessarily sensing radio spectrum. Long short-term memory (LSTM) is employed to simultaneously predict the Radio Spectrum State (RSS) for two-time slots,… More >

Nada M. Elfatih¹, Elmustafa Sayed Ali^1,5, Maha Abdelhaq², Raed Alsaqour^3,*, Rashid A. Saeed⁴

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.1, pp. 329-342, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.028528

Abstract

In cognitive radio networks (CoR), the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing is improved by reducing the overall error rate or maximizing the detection probability. Several optimization methods are usually used to optimize the number of user-chosen for cooperation and the threshold selection. However, these methods do not take into account the effect of sample size and its effect on improving CoR performance. In general, a large sample size results in more reliable detection, but takes longer sensing time and increases complexity. Thus, the locally sensed sample size is an optimization problem. Therefore, optimizing the local sample size for each cognitive… More >