Bennian Dou^1,*, Lei Xu¹, Xiaoling Yu², Lin Mei¹, Cong Zuo³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5219-5231, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030270 - 28 July 2022

Abstract This paper proposes the first code-based quantum immune sequential aggregate signature (SAS) scheme and proves the security of the proposed scheme in the random oracle model. Aggregate signature (AS) schemes and sequential aggregate signature schemes allow a group of potential signers to sign different messages respectively, and all the signatures of those users on those messages can be aggregated into a single signature such that the size of the aggregate signature is much smaller than the total size of all individual signatures. Because of the aggregation of many signatures into a single short signature, AS… More >

Manar M. Aldaseen¹, Khaled M. Matrouk¹, Laiali H. Almazaydeh^2,*, Khaled M. Elleithy³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3969-3981, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028520 - 16 June 2022

Abstract The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are characterized by their widespread deployment due to low cost, but the WSNs are vulnerable to various types of attacks. To defend against the attacks, an effective security solution is required. However, the limits of these networks’ battery-based energy to the sensor are the most critical impediments to selecting cryptographic techniques. Consequently, finding a suitable algorithm that achieves the least energy consumption in data encryption and decryption and providing a highly protected system for data remains the fundamental problem. In this research, the main objective is to obtain data security… More >

Kavitha Chinniyan^*, Thamil Vani Samiyappan, Aishvarya Gopu, Narmatha Ramasamy

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.34, No.3, pp. 1877-1891, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.027274 - 25 May 2022

Abstract Steganography is the technique of hiding secret data within ordinary data by modifying pixel values which appear normal to a casual observer. Steganography which is similar to cryptography helps in secret communication. The cryptography method focuses on the authenticity and integrity of the messages by hiding the contents of the messages. Sometimes, it is not only just enough to encrypt the message but also essential to hide the existence of the message itself. As this avoids misuse of data, this kind of encryption is less suspicious and does not catch attention. To achieve this, Stacked… More >

K. Sudharson^1,*, S. Arun²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.34, No.3, pp. 1769-1784, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.026483 - 25 May 2022

Abstract Quantum Computing (QC). The content of node or sink nodes is processed using the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. However, cryptography techniques face several other issues, such as availability, integrity, and vulnerability, to name a few. The researchers have overcome many obstacles, yet security remains a crucial concern in QC. However, experimenters recently discovered that the QC has a lot more data hacking than static networks. Moreover, the bitwise error is still present in implementing the Quantum Computing Cryptography Protocol (QCCP). Because all nodes are mobile and dynamic topology occurs, the proposed research uses the More >

Muhammad Islam Kamran¹, Muazzam A. Khan¹, Suliman A. Alsuhibany², Yazeed Yasin Ghadi³, Arshad⁴, Jameel Arif¹, Jawad Ahmad^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.1, pp. 657-672, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028876 - 18 May 2022

Abstract The use of multimedia data sharing has drastically increased in the past few decades due to the revolutionary improvements in communication technologies such as the 4th generation (4G) and 5th generation (5G) etc. Researchers have proposed many image encryption algorithms based on the classical random walk and chaos theory for sharing an image in a secure way. Instead of the classical random walk, this paper proposes the quantum walk to achieve high image security. Classical random walk exhibits randomness due to the stochastic transitions between states, on the other hand, the quantum walk is more… More >

Sikandar Zulqarnain Khan^1,*, Sajjad Shaukat Jamal², Asher Sajid³, Muhammad Rashid⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.1, pp. 1879-1894, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028152 - 18 May 2022

Abstract This paper presents an efficient crypto processor architecture for key agreement using ECDH (Elliptic-curve Diffie Hellman) protocol over . The composition of our key-agreement architecture is expressed in consisting of the following: (i) Elliptic-curve Point Multiplication architecture for public key generation (DESIGN-I) and (ii) integration of DESIGN-I with two additional routing multiplexers and a controller for shared key generation (DESIGN-II). The arithmetic operators used in DESIGN-I and DESIGN-II contain an adder, squarer, a multiplier and inversion. A simple shift and add multiplication method is employed to retain lower hardware resources. Moreover, an essential inversion operation… More >

Hussein Abulkasim^1,*, Eatedal Alabdulkreem², Safwat Hamad³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.1, pp. 225-232, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025727 - 18 May 2022

Abstract Quantum key agreement is a promising key establishing protocol that can play a significant role in securing 5G/6G communication networks. Recently, Liu et al. (Quantum Information Processing 18(8):1-10, 2019) proposed a multi-party quantum key agreement protocol based on four-qubit cluster states was proposed. The aim of their protocol is to agree on a shared secret key among multiple remote participants. Liu et al. employed four-qubit cluster states to be the quantum resources and the X operation to securely share a secret key. In addition, Liu et al.'s protocol guarantees that each participant makes an equal More >

Gang Xu¹, Yibo Cao¹, Shiyuan Xu¹, Xin Liu^2,*, Xiu-Bo Chen³, Yiying Yu¹, Xiaojun Wang⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.3, pp. 5429-5441, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028562 - 21 April 2022

Abstract With the increasing popularity of cloud storage, data security on the cloud has become increasingly visible. Searchable encryption has the ability to realize the privacy protection and security of data in the cloud. However, with the continuous development of quantum computing, the standard Public-key Encryption with Keyword Search (PEKS) scheme cannot resist quantum-based keyword guessing attacks. Further, the credibility of the server also poses a significant threat to the security of the retrieval process. This paper proposes a searchable encryption scheme based on lattice cryptography using blockchain to address the above problems. Firstly, we design More >

Muhammad Akram¹, Muhammad Waseem Iqbal^2,*, Syed Ashraf Ali³, Muhammad Usman Ashraf⁴, Khalid Alsubhi⁵, Hani Moaiteq Aljahdali⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.3, pp. 6061-6077, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028272 - 21 April 2022

Abstract In cipher algorithms, the encryption and decryption are based on the same key. There are some limitations in cipher algorithms, for example in polyalphabetic substitution cipher the key size must be equal to plaintext otherwise it will be repeated and if the key is known then encryption becomes useless. This paper aims to improve the said limitations by designing of Triple key security algorithm (TKS) in which the key is modified on polyalphabetic substitution cipher to maintain the size of the key and plaintext. Each plaintext character is substituted by an alternative message. The mode More >

Saeed Ullah Jan¹, Irshad Ahmed Abbasi^2,*, Fahad Algarni³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.3, pp. 5845-5869, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026179 - 21 April 2022

Abstract With the rapid miniaturization in sensor technology, Internet-of-Drones (IoD) has delighted researchers towards information transmission security among drones with the control station server (CSS). In IoD, the drone is different in shapes, sizes, characteristics, and configurations. It can be classified on the purpose of its deployment, either in the civilian or military domain. Drone’s manufacturing, equipment installation, power supply, multi-rotor system, and embedded sensors are not issues for researchers. The main thing is to utilize a drone for a complex and sensitive task using an infrastructure-less/self-organization/resource-less network type called Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET). Monitoring… More >