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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Enhancing Cyber Security through Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Literature Review

    Carlos Merlano*

    Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.6, pp. 89-116, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2024.056164 - 06 December 2024

    Abstract The constantly increasing degree and frequency of cyber threats require the emergence of flexible and intelligent approaches to systems’ protection. Despite the calls for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in strengthening cyber security, there needs to be more literature on an integrated view of the application areas, open issues or trends in AI and ML for cyber security. Based on 90 studies, in the following literature review, the author categorizes and systematically analyzes the current research field to fill this gap. The review evidences that, in contrast to rigid rule-based… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enhanced DDoS Detection Using Advanced Machine Learning and Ensemble Techniques in Software Defined Networking

    Hira Akhtar Butt1, Khoula Said Al Harthy2, Mumtaz Ali Shah3, Mudassar Hussain2,*, Rashid Amin4,*, Mujeeb Ur Rehman1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.2, pp. 3003-3031, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.057185 - 18 November 2024

    Abstract Detecting sophisticated cyberattacks, mainly Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, with unexpected patterns remains challenging in modern networks. Traditional detection systems often struggle to mitigate such attacks in conventional and software-defined networking (SDN) environments. While Machine Learning (ML) models can distinguish between benign and malicious traffic, their limited feature scope hinders the detection of new zero-day or low-rate DDoS attacks requiring frequent retraining. In this paper, we propose a novel DDoS detection framework that combines Machine Learning (ML) and Ensemble Learning (EL) techniques to improve DDoS attack detection and mitigation in SDN environments. Our model… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Cyber Security within Smart Cities: A Comprehensive Study and a Novel Intrusion Detection-Based Approach

    Mehdi Houichi1,*, Faouzi Jaidi1,2, Adel Bouhoula3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 393-441, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054007 - 15 October 2024

    Abstract The expansion of smart cities, facilitated by digital communications, has resulted in an enhancement of the quality of life and satisfaction among residents. The Internet of Things (IoT) continually generates vast amounts of data, which is subsequently analyzed to offer services to residents. The growth and development of IoT have given rise to a new paradigm. A smart city possesses the ability to consistently monitor and utilize the physical environment, providing intelligent services such as energy, transportation, healthcare, and entertainment for both residents and visitors. Research on the security and privacy of smart cities is… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Enhancing Internet of Things Intrusion Detection Using Artificial Intelligence

    Shachar Bar1, P. W. C. Prasad2, Md Shohel Sayeed3,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 1-23, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.053861 - 15 October 2024

    Abstract Escalating cyber security threats and the increased use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices require utilisation of the latest technologies available to supply adequate protection. The aim of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is to prevent malicious attacks that corrupt operations and interrupt data flow, which might have significant impact on critical industries and infrastructure. This research examines existing IDS, based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for IoT devices, methods, and techniques. The contribution of this study consists of identification of the most effective IDS systems in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score; this research also… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Anomaly Detection Using Data Rate of Change on Medical Data

    Kwang-Cheol Rim1, Young-Min Yoon2, Sung-Uk Kim3, Jeong-In Kim4,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 3903-3916, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054620 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract The identification and mitigation of anomaly data, characterized by deviations from normal patterns or singularities, stand as critical endeavors in modern technological landscapes, spanning domains such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), cyber-security, and the burgeoning metaverse. This paper presents a novel proposal aimed at refining anomaly detection methodologies, with a particular focus on continuous data streams. The essence of the proposed approach lies in analyzing the rate of change within such data streams, leveraging this dynamic aspect to discern anomalies with heightened precision and efficacy. Through empirical evaluation, our method demonstrates a marked improvement over existing More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The Impact of Domain Name Server (DNS) over Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) on Cyber Security: Limitations, Challenges, and Detection Techniques

    Muhammad Dawood1, Shanshan Tu1, Chuangbai Xiao1, Muhammad Haris2, Hisham Alasmary3, Muhammad Waqas4,5,*, Sadaqat Ur Rehman6

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 4513-4542, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.050049 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract The DNS over HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) (DoH) is a new technology that encrypts DNS traffic, enhancing the privacy and security of end-users. However, the adoption of DoH is still facing several research challenges, such as ensuring security, compatibility, standardization, performance, privacy, and increasing user awareness. DoH significantly impacts network security, including better end-user privacy and security, challenges for network security professionals, increasing usage of encrypted malware communication, and difficulty adapting DNS-based security measures. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of DoH on network security and develop new privacy-preserving techniques to allow More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Fine-Tuning Cyber Security Defenses: Evaluating Supervised Machine Learning Classifiers for Windows Malware Detection

    Islam Zada1,*, Mohammed Naif Alatawi2, Syed Muhammad Saqlain1, Abdullah Alshahrani3, Adel Alshamran4, Kanwal Imran5, Hessa Alfraihi6

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2917-2939, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052835 - 15 August 2024

    Abstract Malware attacks on Windows machines pose significant cybersecurity threats, necessitating effective detection and prevention mechanisms. Supervised machine learning classifiers have emerged as promising tools for malware detection. However, there remains a need for comprehensive studies that compare the performance of different classifiers specifically for Windows malware detection. Addressing this gap can provide valuable insights for enhancing cybersecurity strategies. While numerous studies have explored malware detection using machine learning techniques, there is a lack of systematic comparison of supervised classifiers for Windows malware detection. Understanding the relative effectiveness of these classifiers can inform the selection of… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Comprehensive Survey on Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) Detection Techniques

    Singamaneni Krishnapriya*, Sukhvinder Singh

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2675-2719, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052447 - 15 August 2024

    Abstract The increase in number of people using the Internet leads to increased cyberattack opportunities. Advanced Persistent Threats, or APTs, are among the most dangerous targeted cyberattacks. APT attacks utilize various advanced tools and techniques for attacking targets with specific goals. Even countries with advanced technologies, like the US, Russia, the UK, and India, are susceptible to this targeted attack. APT is a sophisticated attack that involves multiple stages and specific strategies. Besides, TTP (Tools, Techniques, and Procedures) involved in the APT attack are commonly new and developed by an attacker to evade the security system.… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Biometric Authentication System on Mobile Environment: A Review

    Qasem Abu Al-Haija1,*, Sara Othman Al-Salameen2

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.48, No.4, pp. 897-914, 2024, DOI:10.32604/csse.2024.050846 - 17 July 2024

    Abstract The paper discusses the importance of biometric verification systems in mobile environments and highlights the challenges and strategies used to overcome them in order to ensure the security of mobile devices. Emphasis is placed on evaluating the impact of illumination on the performance of biometric verification techniques and how to address this challenge using image processing techniques. The importance of accurate and reliable data collection to ensure the accuracy of verification processes is also discussed. The paper also highlights the importance of improving biometric verification techniques and directing research toward developing models aimed at reducing More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Review of Hybrid Cyber Threats Modelling and Detection Using Artificial Intelligence in IIoT

    Yifan Liu1, Shancang Li1,*, Xinheng Wang2, Li Xu3

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.2, pp. 1233-1261, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.046473 - 20 May 2024

    Abstract The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has brought numerous benefits, such as improved efficiency, smart analytics, and increased automation. However, it also exposes connected devices, users, applications, and data generated to cyber security threats that need to be addressed. This work investigates hybrid cyber threats (HCTs), which are now working on an entirely new level with the increasingly adopted IIoT. This work focuses on emerging methods to model, detect, and defend against hybrid cyber attacks using machine learning (ML) techniques. Specifically, a novel ML-based HCT modelling and analysis framework was proposed, in which regularisation and Random Forest were More >

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