Muhammad Osama¹, Sarwar Shah Khan^2,*, Sajid Khan², Muzammil Khan³, Mian Muhammad Danyal⁴, Reshma Khan¹

Digital Engineering and Digital Twin, Vol.3, pp. 17-34, 2025, DOI:10.32604/dedt.2025.066344 - 19 August 2025

Abstract Image fusion is a technique used to combine essential information from two or more source images into a single, more informative output image. The resulting fused image contains more meaningful details than any individual source image. This study focuses on multi-focus image fusion, a crucial area in image processing. Due to the limited depth of field of optical lenses, it is often challenging to capture an image where all areas are in focus simultaneously. As a result, multi-focus image fusion plays a key role in integrating and extracting the necessary details from different focal regions.… More >

Fatima Abu Siryeh^*, Hussein Alrammahi, Abdullahi Abdu İbrahim

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5021-5046, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065206 - 30 July 2025

Abstract Biometric template protection is essential for finger-based authentication systems, as template tampering and adversarial attacks threaten the security. This paper proposes a DCT-based fragile watermarking scheme incorporating AI-based tamper detection to improve the integrity and robustness of finger authentication. The system was tested against NIST SD4 and Anguli fingerprint datasets, wherein 10,000 watermarked fingerprints were employed for training. The designed approach recorded a tamper detection rate of 98.3%, performing 3–6% better than current DCT, SVD, and DWT-based watermarking approaches. The false positive rate (≤1.2%) and false negative rate (≤1.5%) were much lower compared to previous… More >

Abdullah Alenizi¹, Mohammad Sajid Mohammadi², Ahmad A. Al-Hajji², Arshiya Sajid Ansari^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2463-2494, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.051826 - 15 August 2024

Abstract Steganography is a technique for hiding secret messages while sending and receiving communications through a cover item. From ancient times to the present, the security of secret or vital information has always been a significant problem. The development of secure communication methods that keep recipient-only data transmissions secret has always been an area of interest. Therefore, several approaches, including steganography, have been developed by researchers over time to enable safe data transit. In this review, we have discussed image steganography based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) algorithm, etc. We have also discussed image steganography based… More >

Weiya Shi^1,*, Shaowen Zhang², Shiqiang Zhang²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.3, pp. 3209-3231, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044863 - 11 March 2024

Abstract In recent years, there has been extensive research on object detection methods applied to optical remote sensing images utilizing convolutional neural networks. Despite these efforts, the detection of small objects in remote sensing remains a formidable challenge. The deep network structure will bring about the loss of object features, resulting in the loss of object features and the near elimination of some subtle features associated with small objects in deep layers. Additionally, the features of small objects are susceptible to interference from background features contained within the image, leading to a decline in detection accuracy.… More >

Amel Ali Alhussan^1,*, Hanaa A. Abdallah², Sara Alsodairi², Abdelhamied A. Ateya³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 403-416, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.035048 - 20 January 2023

Abstract Securing medical data while transmission on the network is required because it is sensitive and life-dependent data. Many methods are used for protection, such as Steganography, Digital Signature, Cryptography, and Watermarking. This paper introduces a novel robust algorithm that combines discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) digital image-watermarking algorithms. The host image is decomposed using a two-dimensional DWT (2D-DWT) to approximate low-frequency sub-bands in the embedding process. Then the sub-band low-high (LH) is decomposed using 2D-DWT to four new sub-bands. The resulting sub-band low-high (LH₁) is decomposed using 2D-DWT… More >

M. Jamuna Rani^1,*, C. Vasanthanayaki²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1953-1970, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.028713 - 03 November 2022

Abstract Underwater imagery and transmission possess numerous challenges like lower signal bandwidth, slower data transmission bit rates, Noise, underwater blue/green light haze etc. These factors distort the estimation of Region of Interest and are prime hurdles in deploying efficient compression techniques. Due to the presence of blue/green light in underwater imagery, shape adaptive or block-wise compression techniques faces failures as it becomes very difficult to estimate the compression levels/coefficients for a particular region. This method is proposed to efficiently deploy an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) model-based shape adaptive Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) for underwater images. Underwater More >

Hussein Abulkasim^1,*, Mona Jamjoom², Safia Abbas²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.3, pp. 5969-5983, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027999 - 21 April 2022

Abstract Recently, securing Copyright has become a hot research topic due to rapidly advancing information technology. As a host cover, watermarking methods are used to conceal or embed sensitive information messages in such a manner that it was undetectable to a human observer in contemporary times. Digital media covers may often take any form, including audio, video, photos, even DNA data sequences. In this work, we present a new methodology for watermarking to hide secret data into 3-D objects. The technique of blind extraction based on reversing the steps of the data embedding process is used.… More >

Anil Kumar Yadav¹, R. K. Pateriya², Nirmal Kumar Gupta³, Punit Gupta^4,*, Dinesh Kumar Saini⁴, Mohammad Alahmadi⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2697-2712, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023052 - 29 March 2022

Abstract Face recognition systems have enhanced human-computer interactions in the last ten years. However, the literature reveals that current techniques used for identifying or verifying faces are not immune to limitations. Principal Component Analysis-Support Vector Machine (PCA-SVM) and Principal Component Analysis-Artificial Neural Network (PCA-ANN) are among the relatively recent and powerful face analysis techniques. Compared to PCA-ANN, PCA-SVM has demonstrated generalization capabilities in many tasks, including the ability to recognize objects with small or large data samples. Apart from requiring a minimal number of parameters in face detection, PCA-SVM minimizes generalization errors and avoids overfitting problems More >

Ashraf Mohamed Ali Hassan¹, Mohammed S. Alzaidi², Sherif S. M. Ghoneim^2,3,*, Waleed El Nahal⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 4391-4408, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024044 - 14 January 2022

Abstract This paper introduced an efficient compression technique that uses the compressive sensing (CS) method to obtain and recover sparse electrocardiography (ECG) signals. The recovery of the signal can be achieved by using sampling rates lower than the Nyquist frequency. A novel analysis was proposed in this paper. To apply CS on ECG signal, the first step is to generate a sparse signal, which can be obtained using Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) on the given ECG signal. This transformation is a promising key for other transformations used in this search domain and can be considered… More >

Arwa Mashat¹, Surbhi Bhatia^2,*, Ankit Kumar³, Pankaj Dadheech³, Aliaa Alabdali⁴

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.2, pp. 841-857, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.021636 - 17 November 2021

Abstract The transmission of medical records over indiscrete and open networks has caused an increase in fraud involving stealing patients’ information, owing to a lack of security over these links. An individual’s medical documents represent confidential information that demands strict protocols and security, chiefly to protect the individual’s identity. Medical image protection is a technology intended to transmit digital data and medical images securely over public networks. This paper presents some background on the different methods used to provide authentication and protection in medical information security. This work develops a secure cryptography-based medical image reclamation algorithm… More >