Yong Li, Yuxuan Chen^*, Jiahui He, Guowei He, Chenxi Dai, Jingjing Tong, Wenting Lei

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069257 - 27 December 2025

Abstract Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task. To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios, this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the coordination with virtual power plants (VPPs). The proposed strategy improves system flexibility and responsiveness by optimizing the power adjustment of flexible resources. In the proposed strategy, the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is firstly employed to determine the adjustable range of aggregated power within the VPP, facilitating an assessment of its potential contribution to power supply support. Then, an optimal dispatch model based on More > Graphic Abstract

Lei Han^1,*, Wanyu Ye¹, Chunfang Liu², Shihua Huang¹, Chun Chen³, Luxin Zhan³, Siyuan Liang³

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4947-4969, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069040 - 27 November 2025

Abstract In contemporary medium-voltage distribution networks heavily penetrated by distributed energy resources (DERs), the harmonic components injected by power-electronic interfacing converters, together with the inherently intermittent output of renewable generation, distort the zero-sequence current and continuously reshape its frequency spectrum. As a result, single-line-to-ground (SLG) faults exhibit a pronounced, strongly non-stationary behaviour that varies with operating point, load mix and DER dispatch. Under such circumstances the performance of traditional rule-based algorithms—or methods that rely solely on steady-state frequency-domain indicators—degrades sharply, and they no longer satisfy the accuracy and universality required by practical protection systems. To overcome… More >

Jian Wang, Hui Qi, Lingyi Ji^*, Zhengya Tang, Hui Qian

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4635-4651, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068667 - 27 October 2025

Abstract This paper proposes a cost-optimal energy management strategy for reconfigurable distribution networks with high penetration of renewable generation. The proposed strategy accounts for renewable generation costs, maintenance and operating expenses of energy storage systems, diesel generator operational costs, typical daily load profiles, and power balance constraints. A penalty term for power backflow is incorporated into the objective function to discourage undesirable reverse flows. The Bald Eagle Search (BES) meta-heuristic is adopted to solve the resulting constrained optimization problem. Numerical simulations under multiple load scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces operating cost while preventing More >

He Wang, Shiqiang Li^*, Yiqi Liu, Jing Bian

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4497-4521, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.065244 - 27 October 2025

Abstract With the evolution of DC distribution networks from traditional radial topologies to more complex multi-branch structures, the number of measurement points supporting synchronous communication remains relatively limited. This poses challenges for conventional fault distance estimation methods, which are often tailored to simple topologies and are thus difficult to apply to large-scale, multi-node DC networks. To address this, a fault distance estimation method based on sparse measurement of high-frequency electrical quantities is proposed in this paper. First, a preliminary fault line identification model based on compressed sensing is constructed to effectively narrow the fault search range… More >

Qiji Dai¹, Jikai Li^2,*, Bohui Ning¹, Yutao Xu¹, Chang Liu², Xuan Zhang¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.10, pp. 4061-4080, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067304 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Aiming at the challenge of complex load balancing coordination for a three-phase four-leg (3P4L) based multi-ended low voltage flexible DC distribution system (M-LVDC) considering unbalanced power compensation, this paper proposes a phase-split power decoupling unbalanced compensation strategy based load balancing strategy for 3P4L based M-LVDC. Firstly, the topology and operation principle of the 3P4L-based M-LVDC system is introduced, and quasi-proportional resonant (QPR) based phase-split power current control for the 3P4L converter is proposed. Secondly, a load-balancing control strategy considering unbalanced compensation for 3P4L-based M-LVDC is presented, in which the control diagrams for each 3P4L-based converter… More >

Nisa Nacar Çıkan^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.3, pp. 3279-3327, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.065442 - 30 June 2025

Abstract This study addresses the critical challenge of reconfiguration in unbalanced power distribution networks (UPDNs), focusing on the complex 123-Bus test system. Three scenarios are investigated: (1) simultaneous power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement, (2) minimization of voltage and current unbalance indices under various operational cases, and (3) multi-objective optimization using Pareto front analysis to concurrently optimize voltage unbalance index, active power loss, and current unbalance index. Unlike previous research that oftensimplified system components, this work maintains all equipment, including capacitor banks, transformers, and voltage regulators, to ensure realistic results. The study evaluates twelve metaheuristic More >

Jiran Zhu¹, Silin He¹, Chun Chen^2,*, Li Zhou², Hongqing Li¹, Di Zhang¹, Fenglin Hua¹, Tianhao Zhu²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2465-2483, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.065453 - 29 May 2025

Abstract In the islanded operation of distribution networks, due to the mismatch of line impedance at the inverter output, conventional droop control leads to inaccurate power sharing according to capacity, resulting in voltage and frequency fluctuations under minor external disturbances. To address this issue, this paper introduces an enhanced scheme for power sharing and voltage-frequency control. First, to solve the power distribution problem, we propose an adaptive virtual impedance control based on multi-agent consensus, which allows for precise active and reactive power allocation without requiring feeder impedance knowledge. Moreover, a novel consensus-based voltage and frequency control More >

Huanan Yu, Chunhe Ye, Shiqiang Li^*, He Wang, Jing Bian, Jinling Li

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2417-2448, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061214 - 29 May 2025

Abstract With the increasing integration of large-scale distributed energy resources into the grid, traditional distribution network optimization and dispatch methods struggle to address the challenges posed by both generation and load. Accounting for these issues, this paper proposes a multi-timescale coordinated optimization dispatch method for distribution networks. First, the probability box theory was employed to determine the uncertainty intervals of generation and load forecasts, based on which, the requirements for flexibility dispatch and capacity constraints of the grid were calculated and analyzed. Subsequently, a multi-timescale optimization framework was constructed, incorporating the generation and load forecast uncertainties. More >

Ganesh Wakte^1,*, Mukesh Kumar², Mohammad Aljaidi³, Ramesh Kumar⁴, Manish Kumar Singla⁴

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2519-2537, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060658 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Nodal pricing is a critical mechanism in electricity markets, utilized to determine the cost of power transmission to various nodes within a distribution network. As power systems evolve to incorporate higher levels of renewable energy and face increasing demand fluctuations, traditional nodal pricing models often fall short to meet these new challenges. This research introduces a novel enhanced nodal pricing mechanism for distribution networks, integrating advanced optimization techniques and hybrid models to overcome these limitations. The primary objective is to develop a model that not only improves pricing accuracy but also enhances operational efficiency and… More > Graphic Abstract

Huang Tan¹, Haibo Yu¹, Tianyang Chen¹, Hanjun Deng², Yetong Hu^3,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.5, pp. 1949-1973, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062574 - 25 April 2025

Abstract With the increasing integration of emerging source-load types such as distributed photovoltaics, electric vehicles, and energy storage into distribution networks, the operational characteristics of these networks have evolved from traditional single-load centers to complex multi-source, multi-load systems. This transition not only increases the difficulty of effectively classifying distribution networks due to their heightened complexity but also renders traditional energy management approaches—primarily focused on economic objectives—insufficient to meet the growing demands for flexible scheduling and dynamic response. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an adaptive multi-objective energy management strategy that accounts for the distinct operational… More >