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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Fully Adaptive Active Queue Management Method for Congestion Prevention at the Router Buffer

    Ali Alshahrani1, Ahmad Adel Abu-Shareha2,*, Qusai Y. Shambour2, Basil Al-Kasasbeh1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.2, pp. 1679-1698, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.043545

    Abstract Active queue management (AQM) methods manage the queued packets at the router buffer, prevent buffer congestion, and stabilize the network performance. The bursty nature of the traffic passing by the network routers and the slake behavior of the existing AQM methods leads to unnecessary packet dropping. This paper proposes a fully adaptive active queue management (AAQM) method to maintain stable network performance, avoid congestion and packet loss, and eliminate unnecessary packet dropping. The proposed AAQM method is based on load and queue length indicators and uses an adaptive mechanism to adjust the dropping probability based on the buffer status. The… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Experimental Investigation of Aero-Foil-Shaped Pin Fin Arrays

    Mainak Bhaumik1, Anirban Sur2,*, Kavita Dhanawade3

    Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.21, pp. 467-486, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2023.044605

    Abstract Pin fins are widely used in applications where effective heat transfer is crucial. Their compact design, high surface area, and efficient heat transfer characteristics make them a practical choice for many thermal management applications. But for a high heat transfer rate and lightweight application, aerofoil shape pin fins are a good option. This work focuses on an experimental model analysis of pin-fins with aerofoil shapes. The results were evaluated between perforation, no perforation, inline, and staggered fin configurations. Aluminum is used to make the pin fins array. The experiment is carried out inside a wind tunnel, and the heat supply… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    UREA-WATER DROPLET PHASE CHANGE AND REACTION MODELLING: MULTI-COMPONENT EVAPORATION APPROACH

    Viraj S. Shirodkar*

    Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.7, pp. 1-8, 2016, DOI:10.5098/hmt.7.5

    Abstract Urea-water solution droplet evaporation is modelled using multi-component droplet evaporation approach. The heat and mass transfer process of a multi-component droplet is implemented in the Langrangian framework through a custom code in ANSYS-Fluent R15. The evaporation process is defined by a convection-diffusion controlled model which includes the effect of Stefan flow. A rapid mixing model assumption is used for the droplet internal physics. The code is tested on a single multi-component droplet and the predicted evaporation rates at different ambient temperatures are compared with the experimental data in the literature. The approach is used to model the injection of urea-water… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    NPBMT: A Novel and Proficient Buffer Management Technique for Internet of Vehicle-Based DTNs

    Sikandar Khan1, Khalid Saeed1, Muhammad Faran Majeed2,*, Salman A. AlQahtani3, Khursheed Aurangzeb3, Muhammad Shahid Anwar4,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1303-1323, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.039697

    Abstract Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have the major problem of message delay in the network due to a lack of end-to-end connectivity between the nodes, especially when the nodes are mobile. The nodes in DTNs have limited buffer storage for storing delayed messages. This instantaneous sharing of data creates a low buffer/shortage problem. Consequently, buffer congestion would occur and there would be no more space available in the buffer for the upcoming messages. To address this problem a buffer management policy is proposed named “A Novel and Proficient Buffer Management Technique (NPBMT) for the Internet of Vehicle-Based DTNs”. NPBMT combines appropriate-size… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Optimal Concentration of the Bubble Drainage Agent in Foam Drainage Gas Recovery Applications

    Shaopeng Liu1, Guowei Wang2,3,*, Pengfei Liu1, Dong Ye1, Jian Song1, Xing Liu1, Yang Cheng2,3

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.12, pp. 3045-3058, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.029810

    Abstract Foam drainage is the flow of liquid through the interstitial spaces between bubbles driven by capillarity and gravity and resisted by viscous damping. The so-called foam drainage gas recovery technology is a technique traditionally used to mitigate the serious bottom-hole liquid loading in the middle and late stages of gas well production. In this context, determining the optimal concentration of the bubble drainage agent is generally crucial for the proper application of this method. In this study, a combination of indoor experiments and theoretical analysis have been used to determine the pressure drop related to the foam-carrying capacity in a… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    IRS Assisted UAV Communications against Proactive Eavesdropping in Mobile Edge Computing Networks

    Ying Zhang1,*, Weiming Niu2, Leibing Yan1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.1, pp. 885-902, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029234

    Abstract In this paper, we consider mobile edge computing (MEC) networks against proactive eavesdropping. To maximize the transmission rate, IRS assisted UAV communications are applied. We take the joint design of the trajectory of UAV, the transmitting beamforming of users, and the phase shift matrix of IRS. The original problem is strong non-convex and difficult to solve. We first propose two basic modes of the proactive eavesdropper, and obtain the closed-form solution for the boundary conditions of the two modes. Then we transform the original problem into an equivalent one and propose an alternating optimization (AO) based method to obtain a… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Design and Experimental Testing of an Electric Field-Driven Droplet Injection Device

    Fulai Cao1,*, Yanpu Chao1,*, Hao Yi2,3, Shuai Lu1, Chengshui Guo4

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.11, pp. 2891-2905, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.029243

    Abstract The properties of droplets produced by existing on-demand injection systems are typically determined by the nozzle diameter, i.e., only droplets with size larger than this diameter can be obtained. To solve this problem, a system for electric field-driven droplet injection and deposition was developed, and the related performances were compared with those of a standard pneumatic system. The results show that the diameter of droplets generated accordingly can be significantly smaller than the nozzle diameter. In particular, the effects of frequency and duty ratio on the number of droplets were studied by assuming microcrystalline wax as work material. A deposition… More > Graphic Abstract

    Design and Experimental Testing of an Electric Field-Driven Droplet Injection Device

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    On the Effect of Mist Flow on the Heat Transfer Performances of a Three-CopperSphere Configuration

    Karema A. Hamad*, Yasser A. Mahmood

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.11, pp. 2863-2875, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.029049

    Abstract The cooling of a (pebble bed) spent fuel in a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is adversely affected by an increase in the temperature of the used gas (air). To investigate this problem, a configuration consisting of three copper spheres arranged in tandem subjected to a forced mist flow inside a cylindrical channel is considered. The heat transfer coefficients and related variations as a function of Reynolds number are investigated accordingly. The experimental results show that when compared to those with only airflow, the heat transfer coefficient of the spherical elements with mist flow (j = 112 kg/m2 hr, Re =… More >

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    Self-Driven Droplet on the Bilayer Two-Dimensional Materials and Nanoscale Channel with Controllable Gradient Wettability

    Hongfei Ye1,*, Chenguang Yin1, Jian Wang1, Yonggang Zheng1, Hongwu Zhang1

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.27, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2023, DOI:10.32604/icces.2023.09741

    Abstract The wetting behavior is ubiquitous in natural phenomenon as well as engineering application. As an intrinsic property of solid surface, the wettability with a controllable gradient has been an attractive issue with a wide application in various fields, including microfluidic devices, self-driven transport, biotechnologies, etc. Generally, it often requires elaborate design of microstructure or its response under the electrical, thermal, optical, pH stimuli, etc. However, the relevant complex underlying mechanism makes it difficult to construct quantitative relations between the wettability and the external field for the fine design. In this work, based on the bilayer two-dimensional materials, a simple controlling… More >

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    Self-Driving Behavior and Pinning Effect of Droplets on GrapheneCovered Functional Textured Surfaces

    Fujian Zhang1, Xiang Gao1, Zhongqiang Zhang1,2,*

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.26, No.4, pp. 1-1, 2023, DOI:10.32604/icces.2023.09169

    Abstract Biological features such as the bumps on the back of desert beetles and the spikes of cacti enable the directional transport of water droplets, creating conditions for their survival in nature. Inspired by the interesting natural phenomenon, a novel design of nanopillared surface with a gradient density of structural pillar matrix covered by a monolayer graphene is proposed to realize ultrafast self-driving of water droplets. The droplet can move spontaneously at ultrahigh speed of 75.7 m/s (272.52 km/h) from sparsest to densest regions of pillars while a wettability gradient is created by the gradient distribution density of pillar matrix relying… More >

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