Akash Kumar Gartia, S. Chakraverty^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.3, pp. 2405-2455, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.061039 - 03 March 2025

Abstract This review explores multi-directional functionally graded (MDFG) nanostructures, focusing on their material characteristics, modeling approaches, and mechanical behavior. It starts by classifying different types of functionally graded (FG) materials such as conventional, axial, bi-directional, and tri-directional, and the material distribution models like power-law, exponential, trigonometric, polynomial functions, etc. It also discusses the application of advanced size-dependent theories like Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity, nonlocal strain gradient, modified couple stress, and consistent couple stress theories, which are essential to predict the behavior of structures at small scales. The review covers the mechanical analysis of MDFG nanostructures in nanobeams,… More > Graphic Abstract

Mohammad Javad Bayat¹, Amin Kalhori², Kamran Asemi^1,*, Masoud Babaei³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.2, pp. 1351-1458, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.060222 - 27 January 2025

Abstract Since the initial observation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene platelets (GPLs) in the 1990 and 2000s, the demand for high-performance structural applications and multifunctional materials has driven significant interest in composite structures reinforced with GPLs and CNTs. Incorporating these nanofillers into matrix materials markedly enhances the mechanical properties of the structures. To further improve efficiency and functionality, functionally graded (FG) distributions of CNTs and GPLs have been proposed. This study presents an extensive review of computational approaches developed to predict the global behavior of composite structural components enhanced with CNT and GPL nanofillers. The… More >

Hirak Kansara¹, Mingchao Liu^2,*, Yinfeng He³, Wei Tan^1,*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.31, No.4, pp. 1-2, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011328

Abstract Shape-morphing structures exhibit the remarkable ability to transition between different configurations, offering vast potential across numerous applications. A common example involves the transformation from a flat two-dimensional (2D) state to a desired three-dimensional (3D) form. One prevalent technique for fabricating such structures entails strategically cutting thin sheet materials (known as kirigami), which, upon the application of external mechanical forces, morph into the intended 3D shape. A method leveraging the non-linear beam equation has been proposed for inverse design, determining the optimal 2D cutting patterns necessary to achieve a symmetrical 3D shape. Central to this strategy… More >

Wei Xia^1,*, Ximao Zhong¹, Jianwei Song¹, Shuling Hu¹, Shengping Shen¹

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.31, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.012814

Abstract Panel flutter is an aeroelastic phenomenon characterized with thermo-mechanical coupling and geometric nonlinearity. In high speed air vehicles, panel flutter introduces violent vibration of the skin structures and leads to structural failure with fatigue cracks. When functionally graded materials (FGM) are adopted as the thermal isolator on high speed vehicles, the thermo-mechanical performance of skin panels is increased while the panel flutter is affected by the asymmetry. It is of great interest to study the nonlinear phenomenon of FGM panel flutter.
In this work, an aeroelastic model of preheated FGM panels are established. The Mindlin plate… More >

Yifan Zhu^1,2, Fengxiang Xu^1,2,*, Zhen Zou^1,2, Xiaoqiang Niu^1,2

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.31, No.1, pp. 1-2, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011085

Abstract Functionally graded lattice structures have garnered significant interest in impact research in recent years as novel structures because of the exceptional properties, including lightweight, high specific strength, and high specific stiffness. Aiming at the problem that the current functionally graded lattice structure incorporates gradient characteristics in the longitudinal or transverse direction, with no research on the diagonal gradient characteristics, this paper proposes a diagonal gradient lattice structure (DGLS) based on the body centered cubic (BCC) lattice structure. The quasi-static compression experiments were carried out on the resin samples manufactured through the photocuring molding technique. Besides,… More >

Yong Pang¹, Peidong Li^1,*, Dingyu Li²

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.29, No.2, pp. 1-1, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011660

Abstract The thermo-elastic fracture problems of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are thoroughly investigated based on a phase field model. In this model, the material constants and fracture toughness vary with the spatial coordinates, the thermal conductivity and stiffness constants in the damaged regions are degraded by the phase-field variable, and the crack evolution is driven by the variation of elastic energy induced by the thermo-mechanical loading. Therefore, the temperature, mechanical and damage fields are coupled with each other. The finite element discretization of the governing equations and the numerical implementation details are provided. The validation of… More >

Chih-Ping Wu^*, Ruei-Syuan Chang

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.1, pp. 917-949, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.052307 - 20 August 2024

Abstract This work develops a Hermitian C differential reproducing kernel interpolation meshless (DRKIM) method within the consistent couple stress theory (CCST) framework to study the three-dimensional (3D) microstructure-dependent static flexural behavior of a functionally graded (FG) microplate subjected to mechanical loads and placed under full simple supports. In the formulation, we select the transverse stress and displacement components and their first- and second-order derivatives as primary variables. Then, we set up the differential reproducing conditions (DRCs) to obtain the shape functions of the Hermitian C differential reproducing kernel (DRK) interpolant’s derivatives without using direct differentiation. The interpolant’s… More >

Dmitry Bratsun^*, Natalia Elenskaya, Ramil Siraev, Mikhail Tashkinov

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.20, No.7, pp. 1463-1479, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.047928 - 23 July 2024

Abstract In this work, we numerically study the hydrodynamic permeability of new-generation artificial porous materials used as scaffolds for cell growth in a perfusion bioreactor. We consider two popular solid matrix designs based on triply periodic minimal surfaces, the Schwarz P (primitive) and D (diamond) surfaces, which enable the creation of materials with controlled porosity gradients. The latter property is crucial for regulating the shear stress field in the pores of the scaffold, which makes it possible to control the intensity of cell growth. The permeability of functionally graded materials is studied within the framework of… More > Graphic Abstract

Xiaojun Huang¹, Liaojun Zhang^2,*, Hanbo Cui¹, Gaoxing Hu¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.2, pp. 1647-1668, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.049124 - 20 May 2024

Abstract This study proposes an effective method to enhance the accuracy of the Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) for calculating the dynamic characteristics of functionally graded beams by improving the form of discrete node distribution. Firstly, based on the first-order shear deformation theory, the governing equation of free vibration of a functionally graded beam is transformed into the eigenvalue problem of ordinary differential equations with respect to beam axial displacement, transverse displacement, and cross-sectional rotation angle by considering the effects of shear deformation and rotational inertia of the beam cross-section. Then, ignoring the shear deformation of the… More >

Yan Dong^1,2, Kang Zhao¹, Liang Gao¹, Hao Li^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 1-18, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048870 - 25 April 2024

Abstract With the continuous advancement in topology optimization and additive manufacturing (AM) technology, the capability to fabricate functionally graded materials and intricate cellular structures with spatially varying microstructures has grown significantly. However, a critical challenge is encountered in the design of these structures–the absence of robust interface connections between adjacent microstructures, potentially resulting in diminished efficiency or macroscopic failure. A Hybrid Level Set Method (HLSM) is proposed, specifically designed to enhance connectivity among non-uniform microstructures, contributing to the design of functionally graded cellular structures. The HLSM introduces a pioneering algorithm for effectively blending heterogeneous microstructure interfaces.… More >