Muhammad Asim^1,*, Abdelhamied A. Ateya¹, Mudasir Ahmad Wani^1,2, Gauhar Ali¹, Mohammed ElAffendi¹, Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif¹, Reshma Siyal³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070684 - 12 January 2026

Abstract The growing developments in 5G and 6G wireless communications have revolutionized communications technologies, providing faster speeds with reduced latency and improved connectivity to users. However, it raises significant security challenges, including impersonation threats, data manipulation, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, and privacy breaches. Traditional security measures are inadequate due to the decentralized and dynamic nature of next-generation networks. This survey provides a comprehensive review of how Federated Learning (FL), Blockchain, and Digital Twin (DT) technologies can collectively enhance the security of 5G and 6G systems. Blockchain offers decentralized, immutable, and transparent mechanisms for securing More >

Xingkang Jiang^*, Jing Tian, Yong Xu

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.32, No.6, pp. 539-540, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.073363 - 30 December 2025

Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

Shengjia Chang, Baojiang Cui^*, Shaocong Feng

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 4345-4374, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070195 - 23 October 2025

Abstract Binary Code Similarity Detection (BCSD) is vital for vulnerability discovery, malware detection, and software security, especially when source code is unavailable. Yet, it faces challenges from semantic loss, recompilation variations, and obfuscation. Recent advances in artificial intelligence—particularly natural language processing (NLP), graph representation learning (GRL), and large language models (LLMs)—have markedly improved accuracy, enabling better recognition of code variants and deeper semantic understanding. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 82 studies published between 1975 and 2025, systematically tracing the historical evolution of BCSD and analyzing the progressive incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Particular… More >

Imran Ahmed^1,#, Misbah Ahmad^2,3,#, Gwanggil Jeon^4,5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 4237-4273, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068319 - 23 October 2025

Abstract The rapid convergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), driven by advancements in 5G/6G networks, cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT), is reshaping modern digital ecosystems. As massive, distributed data streams are generated across edge devices and network layers, there is a growing need for intelligent, privacy-preserving AI solutions that can operate efficiently at the network edge. Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized model training without transferring sensitive data, addressing key challenges around privacy, bandwidth, and latency. Despite its benefits in enhancing efficiency, real-time analytics, and regulatory compliance, FL adoption faces… More >

Hiba Sameer Saeed^#, Amenah Dahim Abbood^#,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 4375-4405, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067783 - 23 October 2025

Abstract In recent years, the evolution of the community structure in social networks has gained significant attention. Due to the rapid and continuous evolution of real-world networks over time. This makes the process of identifying communities and tracking their topology changes challenging. To tackle these challenges, it is necessary to find efficient methodologies for analyzing the behavior patterns of dynamic communities. Several previous reviews have introduced algorithms and models for community detection. However, these methods have not been very accurate in identifying communities. Moreover, none of the reviewed papers made an apparent effort to link algorithms… More >

Matthew Rubinstein^1,*, Madeline Lauren Hong¹, Rishi Kumar Nanda¹, Daniel Thomas Jones¹, Hazem Aboaid², Yin Mon Myat³, Kyaw Zin Thein⁴

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.11, pp. 3161-3183, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.067791 - 22 October 2025

Abstract The ever-expanding development of tissue-agnostic therapies which target malignancies based on specific mutations rather than tissue origin have transformed the landscape of oncology. The purpose of this review is to explore the impact, safety, and challenges of tissue-agnostic therapies including pembrolizumab, dostarlimab, larotrectinib, entrectinib, repotrectinib, dabrafenib plus trametinib, selpercatinib, and trastuzumab deruxtecan. As the therapeutic arsenal continues to grow, it is crucial to understand how these therapies truly benefit patients and to address the barriers that stand in the way of making them more widely available. Although these therapies have shown effectiveness across multiple cancer More >

Takeshi Toyozumi^1,*, Hideaki Shimada², Hisahiro Matsubara¹

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.11, pp. 3185-3206, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.065818 - 22 October 2025

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has long been established as an important treatment option for cancers. In particular, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) has been reported to be effective against various gastrointestinal cancers (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer); however, the treatment phase in which ICI should be used and how it should be incorporated into the treatment strategy vary depending on the cancer type being treated. Multiple clinical trials and basic research on ICIs are currently underway, and new insights from these results will continue to change the clinical treatment strategy of gastrointestinal cancers. While it is desirable… More >

Zhenhui Cai, Kaiqing Zhou^*, Zhouhua Liao

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 2255-2303, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067994 - 23 September 2025

Abstract The YOLO (You Only Look Once) series, a leading single-stage object detection framework, has gained significant prominence in medical-image analysis due to its real-time efficiency and robust performance. Recent iterations of YOLO have further enhanced its accuracy and reliability in critical clinical tasks such as tumor detection, lesion segmentation, and microscopic image analysis, thereby accelerating the development of clinical decision support systems. This paper systematically reviews advances in YOLO-based medical object detection from 2018 to 2024. It compares YOLO’s performance with other models (e.g., Faster R-CNN, RetinaNet) in medical contexts, summarizes standard evaluation metrics (e.g.,… More >

Ling Huang^1,2, Hao Zhang^1,2, Jiwei Mo^1,2, Yuehong Liu^1,2, Qiu Lu^1,2,*, Shuiwang Li^1,2,*

Journal of Information Hiding and Privacy Protection, Vol.7, pp. 45-60, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jihpp.2025.066524 - 31 July 2025

Abstract Rapid advances in computer vision have enabled powerful visual perception systems in areas such as surveillance, autonomous driving, healthcare, and augmented reality. However, these systems often raise serious privacy concerns due to their ability to identify and track individuals without consent. This paper explores the emerging field of identity-hiding visual perception, which aims to protect personal identity within visual data through techniques such as anonymization, obfuscation, and privacy-aware modeling. We provide a system-level overview of current technologies, categorize application scenarios, and analyze major challenges—particularly the trade-off between privacy and utility, technical complexity, and ethical risks. More >

Wenfei Luo^1,#, Dingming Song^2,#, Yibo He³, Judong Song^4,*, Yunzhen Ding^5,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.8, pp. 1875-1893, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.063843 - 18 July 2025

Abstract Malignant melanoma, characterized by its high metastatic potential and resistance to conventional therapies, presents a major challenge in oncology. This review explores the current status and advancements in tumor vaccines for melanoma, focusing on peptide, DNA/RNA, dendritic cell, tumor cell, and neoantigen-based vaccines. Despite promising results, significant challenges remain, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, patient heterogeneity, and the need for more effective antigen presentation. Recent strategies, such as combining vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), aim to counteract immune evasion and enhance T cell responses. Emerging approaches, including personalized neoantigen vaccines and the use of More > Graphic Abstract