Malvinder Singh Bali¹, Weiwei Jiang^2,*, Saurav Verma³, Kanwalpreet Kour⁴, Ashwini Rao³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-19, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070866 - 09 December 2025

Abstract In recent years, Blockchain Technology has become a paradigm shift, providing Transparent, Secure, and Decentralized platforms for diverse applications, ranging from Cryptocurrency to supply chain management. Nevertheless, the optimization of blockchain networks remains a critical challenge due to persistent issues such as latency, scalability, and energy consumption. This study proposes an innovative approach to Blockchain network optimization, drawing inspiration from principles of biological evolution and natural selection through evolutionary algorithms. Specifically, we explore the application of genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and related evolutionary techniques to enhance the performance of blockchain networks. The proposed methodologies More >

Tai Liu^1,#, Huichun Xu^1,#, Sikandar Amanullah^2,*, Ye Che¹, Ling Zhang¹, Zeyu Jiang¹, Weiyi Bi¹, Lei Zhu¹, Di Wang^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 4117-4137, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.074131 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soil is primarily driven by pesticides, polluted water, and industrial gas emissions, which pose threats to sustainable crop production. Chromium (Cr) stress has an adverse impact on plant development and metabolism, but approaches to reduce its toxicity and enhance plant resistance remain limited. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant involved in regulating various morpho-physiological functions of plants under different abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the impact of exogenous melatonin to mitigate the negative effects of potassium dichromate (PD) stress in melon plants and analyzed genetic modulation of morphological, physiological,… More >

Shaoyan Wu^1,2, Jie Tian^1,2, Yiyan Wang^1,2, Muhammad Arif^1,2, Shuyao Wang^1,2, Jing Wang^1,2, Zhuoyao Yang^1,2, Ruhong Xu^1,2,*, Luhua Li^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3913-3924, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.072229 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Wheat grain morphology, particularly grain length (GL) and width (GW), is a key determinant of yield. To improve the suboptimal grain dimensions of the local anthocyanin-rich variety Guizi 1 (GZ1), we crossed it with Zhongyan 96-3 (ZY96-3), an elite germplasm known for faster grain filling and superior grain size. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was applied to an F₂ population of 110 individuals derived from GZ1 × ZY96-3, resulting in the identification of 23,134 high-quality SNPs. Most of the SNPs associated with GL and GW were clustered on chromosomes 2B, 3A, and 3B. QTL mapping for GL… More >

Vardhelli Soukya¹, Soumen Maitra^1,*, Nandita Sahana², Saikat Das³, Rupsanatan Mandal³, Arpita Mandal Khan¹, Arindam Das⁴, Ashok Choudhury⁵, Prodyut Kumar Paul⁶, Ahmed Gaber⁷, Mohammed M. Althaqafi⁸, Akbar Hossain^9,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.11, pp. 3493-3508, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.071450 - 01 December 2025

Abstract The present study investigated the genetic diversity of 24 germplasms of Polianthes tuberosa L. via 16 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker techniques. The research findings revealed that the ISSR markers presented higher levels of band reproducibility and were more efficient at clustering germplasms. Among the 16 markers examined in this study, 12 had a complete polymorphism rate of 100%. The molecular analysis revealed a PIC ranging from 0.079 to 0.373, with a mean value of 0.30, whereas the range of the marker index was from 0.0001 to 0.409, with an average value of 0.03, and More >

Erping Song^1,*, Zipin Yao²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5129-5147, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.063827 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Wind farm layout optimization is a critical challenge in renewable energy development, especially in regions with complex terrain. Micro-siting of wind turbines has a significant impact on the overall efficiency and economic viability of wind farm, where the wake effect, wind speed, types of wind turbines, etc., have an impact on the output power of the wind farm. To solve the optimization problem of wind farm layout under complex terrain conditions, this paper proposes wind turbine layout optimization using different types of wind turbines, the aim is to reduce the influence of the wake effect… More >

Fawad Zaman^1,#, Adeel Iqbal^2,#, Bakhtiar Ali¹, Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.2, pp. 2535-2550, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.072638 - 26 November 2025

Abstract Accurate estimation of the Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) of incident plane waves is essential for modern wireless communication, radar, sonar, and localization systems. Precise DoA information enables adaptive beamforming, spatial filtering, and interference mitigation by steering antenna array beams toward desired sources while suppressing unwanted signals. Traditional one-dimensional Uniform Linear Arrays (ULAs) are limited to elevation angle estimation due to geometric constraints, typically within the range [0, π]. To capture full spatial characteristics in environments with multipath and angular spread, joint estimation of both elevation and azimuth angles becomes necessary. However, existing 2D and 3D array geometries… More >

Yazeed Alkhrijah¹, Marwa Fahim², Syed Muhammad Usman³, Qasim Mehmood³, Shehzad Khalid^4,5,*, Mohamad A. Alawad¹, Haya Aldossary⁶

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.2, pp. 2339-2355, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.071512 - 26 November 2025

Abstract Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac disorder characterized by irregular heart rhythms, typically diagnosed using Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. In remote regions with limited healthcare personnel, automated AF detection is extremely important. Although recent studies have explored various machine learning and deep learning approaches, challenges such as signal noise and subtle variations between AF and other cardiac rhythms continue to hinder accurate classification. In this study, we propose a novel framework that integrates robust preprocessing, comprehensive feature extraction, and an ensemble classification strategy. In the first step, ECG signals are divided into equal-sized segments using a… More >

Yong Huang¹, Xiandeng Li¹, Qingling Jing¹, Qin Zhang¹, Chungui Huang^2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.11, pp. 2195-2216, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.072716 - 24 November 2025

Abstract Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important cells in bone tissue engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) effectively treats bone defects and nonunion. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether BMP-2 promotes bone formation and femoral fracture healing by inhibiting inflammation and promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, in order to provide an experimental basis for developing more efficient fracture treatment strategies. Methods: Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were isolated from rats and treated with OE-BMP-2, the 5^′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), and the inhibitor Compound C. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated through… More >

Siraj Un Muneer¹, Ihsan Ullah¹, Zeshan Iqbal^2,*, Rajermani Thinakaran³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 4959-4975, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068566 - 23 October 2025

Abstract The complexity of cloud environments challenges secure resource management, especially for intrusion detection systems (IDS). Existing strategies struggle to balance efficiency, cost fairness, and threat resilience. This paper proposes an innovative approach to managing cloud resources through the integration of a genetic algorithm (GA) with a “double auction” method. This approach seeks to enhance security and efficiency by aligning buyers and sellers within an intelligent market framework. It guarantees equitable pricing while utilizing resources efficiently and optimizing advantages for all stakeholders. The GA functions as an intelligent search mechanism that identifies optimal combinations of bids More >

Lin Huang^1,2, Ying Zhou², Jingjing Yang^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 4587-4606, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068370 - 23 October 2025

Abstract The construction of centralized and standardized material databases is essential to support both scientific innovation and industrial application. However, for rare and precious metal materials, existing data resources are often decentralized. This results in persistent issues such as data silos and fragmentation, which significantly hinder efficient data utilization and collaboration. In response to these challenges, this study investigates the development of an integrated platform for sharing genetic data of rare and precious metal materials. The research begins by analyzing current trends in material data platforms, both domestically and internationally. These insights help inform the architectural… More >