SILVIA VILA, ANA GONZALEZ, HEBE REY AND LUIS MROGINSKI*

BIOCELL, Vol.34, No.1, pp. 7-14, 2010, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2010.34.007

Abstract Embryogenic cultures were initiated from immature Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) zigotic embryos. Explants were induced on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium with 4.54 μM thidiazuron or 0.45 μM dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After 6 weeks of culture on induction medium, somatic embryos were categorized in four morphological classes based on the presence of single or fused embryos and if they remained united or not to the original explant; that were evaluated histologically. The somatic embryos of every category were transferred, in groups or individually, on a 1/4 MS medium. Bipolar embryos, the more typically normal ones, had well defined shoot and root apical… More >

Hu FL^1,2, B Liu^1,3, ZM Liu^1,3, YT Fang^1,3, CA Busso⁴

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 209-221, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.209

Abstract Grasslands are one of the most widespread landscapes worldwide, covering approximately one-fifth of the world’s land surface, where grazing is a common practice. How carbon storage responds to grazing in steppes remains poorly understood. We quantified the effects of grazing on community composition and species diversity, and carbon storage in two typical grasslands of northeastern China, one in Horqin and the other one in Hulunbeier. In both grasslands, grazing did not influence plant species diversity. However, it substantially decreased aboveground carbon by 31% and 54% in Horqin and Hulunbeier, respectively. Fenced and grazing treatments showed a similar belowground carbon at… More >

William Leineweber¹, Stephanie I. Fraley^1,2,*

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 9-9, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.08504

Abstract Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions are critical modulators of repair and regeneration. However, variability within individual cells of the same cell type and within the ECM microenvironment can lead to heterogeneous outcomes that may limit the reliable application of cell-biomaterial constructs in regenerative medicine. Understanding the origins of heterogeneity is critical to overcoming this challenge and requires measurement of cell-ECM interactions at the single cell level. There are four core biophysical modules that cells employ to interact with their surrounding ECM: protrusion, adhesion, contractility, and matrix remodeling. Conventional approaches measure these interactions in separate experiments on separate cells, resulting in bulk… More >

Wenjun Yang¹, Pingping Dong^1,2,*, Wensheng Tang¹, Xiaoping Lou¹, Hangjun Zhou³, Kai Gao⁴, Haodong Wang⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.57, No.2, pp. 205-222, 2018, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2018.03726

Abstract Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is the most significant extension of TCP that enables transmission via multiple paths concurrently to improve the resource usage and throughput of long flows. However, due to the concurrent multiple transfer (CMT) in short flow trans-mission, the congestion window (cwnd) of each MPTCP subflow is too small and it may lead to timeout when a single lost packet cannot be recovered through fast retransmission. As a result, MPTCP has even worse performance for short flows compared to regular TCP. In this paper, we take the first step to analyze the main reason why MPTCP has the diminished… More >