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  • Open Access

    CASE REPORT

    A 63-Year-Old Male with D-Transposition of the Great Arteries Who Had an Early Form of the Arterial Switch Operation

    Michael A. Rebolledo1,*, Jane S. Yao2, Jason N. Johnson1, Umar S. Boston3, Benjamin R. Waller III1

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 65-68, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2024.046638

    Abstract We describe a 63-year-old male who appears to have undergone an early form of the arterial switch operation for D-transposition of the great arteries performed in the mid-1960s. We review the clinical and imaging data that support our conclusion. He had a diagnostic cardiac catheterization which demonstrated severe pulmonary hypertension responsive to epoprostenol and oxygen. Our case may represent one example of the experimental surgical work done prior to Dr. Adibe Jatene’s description of the first successful arterial switch performed in 1975. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Transparent and Accurate COVID-19 Diagnosis: Integrating Explainable AI with Advanced Deep Learning in CT Imaging

    Mohammad Mehedi Hassan1,*, Salman A. AlQahtani2, Mabrook S. AlRakhami1, Ahmed Zohier Elhendi3

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.3, pp. 3101-3123, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.047940

    Abstract In the current landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic, the utilization of deep learning in medical imaging, especially in chest computed tomography (CT) scan analysis for virus detection, has become increasingly significant. Despite its potential, deep learning’s “black box” nature has been a major impediment to its broader acceptance in clinical environments, where transparency in decision-making is imperative. To bridge this gap, our research integrates Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, specifically the Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) method, with advanced deep learning models. This integration forms a sophisticated and transparent framework for COVID-19 identification, enhancing the capability of standard Convolutional Neural Network… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Deep Learning Approach for Landmines Detection Based on Airborne Magnetometry Imaging and Edge Computing

    Ahmed Barnawi1,*, Krishan Kumar2, Neeraj Kumar1, Bander Alzahrani1, Amal Almansour1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2117-2137, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044184

    Abstract Landmines continue to pose an ongoing threat in various regions around the world, with countless buried landmines affecting numerous human lives. The detonation of these landmines results in thousands of casualties reported worldwide annually. Therefore, there is a pressing need to employ diverse landmine detection techniques for their removal. One effective approach for landmine detection is UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) based Airborne Magnetometry, which identifies magnetic anomalies in the local terrestrial magnetic field. It can generate a contour plot or heat map that visually represents the magnetic field strength. Despite the effectiveness of this approach, landmine removal remains a challenging… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Congenital Absence of Pericardium: The Largest Systematic Review in the Field on 247 Worldwide Cases (1977-Now)

    Pier Paolo Bassareo1,2,3,*, Aurelio Secinaro4, Paolo Ciliberti5, Massimo Chessa6,7, Marco Alfonso Perrone5,8, Kevin Patrick Walsh1,2,3, Colin Joseph Mcmahon2,3

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 595-610, 2023, DOI:10.32604/chd.2023.046229

    Abstract Background: Congenital absence of pericardium (CAP), also known as pericardial agenesis, represents an uncommon cardiac abnormality and mostly incidental finding. It can be subdivided into complete and partial (left or right-sided) forms. Because of its infrequency, just case reports and a few case series have been released so far. This paper represents the largest systematic review in the field. Nine features (age at diagnosis, type, gender, clinical presentation, electrocardiography, imaging (ultrasounds, CT/MRI), concomitant cardiac defects, and outcome) were analysed. Methods: The electronic database PubMed was investigated from its establishment up to July 15th, 2023. Just case reports and case series… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Experimental Evaluation of Individual Hotspots of a Multicore Microprocessor Using Pulsating Heat Sources

    Rodrigo Vidonscky Pinto1, Flávio Augusto Sanzovo Fiorelli2,*

    Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.21, pp. 427-443, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2023.041917

    Abstract The present work provides an experimental and numerical procedure to obtain the geometrical position of the hotspots of a microprocessor using the thermal images obtained from the transient thermal response of this processor subject to pulsating stress tests. This is performed by the solution of the steady inverse heat transfer problem using these thermal images, resulting in qualitative heat source distributions; these are analyzed using the mean heat source gradients to identify the elements that can be considered hotspots. This procedure identified that the processor INTEL Core 2 Quad Q8400S contains one hotspot located in the center of its left… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Low-Strain Damage Imaging Detection Experiment for Model Pile Integrity Based on HHT

    Ziyang Jiang1, Ziping Wang1,*, Kan Feng1, Yang Zhang2, Rahim Gorgin1

    Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.17, No.6, pp. 557-569, 2023, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2023.042393

    Abstract With the advancement of computer and mathematical techniques, significant progress has been made in the 3D modeling of foundation piles. Existing methods include the 3D semi-analytical model for non-destructive low-strain integrity assessment of large-diameter thin-walled pipe piles and the 3D soil-pile dynamic interaction model. However, these methods have complex analysis procedures and substantial limitations. This paper introduces an innovative and streamlined 3D imaging technique tailored for the detection of pile damage. The approach harnesses the power of an eight-channel ring array transducer to capture internal reflection signals within foundation piles. The acquired signals are subsequently processed using the Hilbert-Huang Transform… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Improved Lung Cancer Segmentation Based on Nature-Inspired Optimization Approaches

    Shazia Shamas1, Surya Narayan Panda1,*, Ishu Sharma1,*, Kalpna Guleria1, Aman Singh2,3,4, Ahmad Ali AlZubi5, Mallak Ahmad AlZubi6

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.2, pp. 1051-1075, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.030712

    Abstract The distinction and precise identification of tumor nodules are crucial for timely lung cancer diagnosis and planning intervention. This research work addresses the major issues pertaining to the field of medical image processing while focusing on lung cancer Computed Tomography (CT) images. In this context, the paper proposes an improved lung cancer segmentation technique based on the strengths of nature-inspired approaches. The better resolution of CT is exploited to distinguish healthy subjects from those who have lung cancer. In this process, the visual challenges of the K-means are addressed with the integration of four nature-inspired swarm intelligent techniques. The techniques… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Optical Based Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping and Transfer Learning Integrated Pneumonia Prediction Model

    Chia-Wei Jan1, Yu-Jhih Chiu1, Kuan-Lin Chen2, Ting-Chun Yao3, Ping-Huan Kuo1,4,*

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.3, pp. 2989-3010, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.042078

    Abstract Pneumonia is a common lung disease that is more prone to affect the elderly and those with weaker respiratory systems. However, hospital medical resources are limited, and sometimes the workload of physicians is too high, which can affect their judgment. Therefore, a good medical assistance system is of great significance for improving the quality of medical care. This study proposed an integrated system by combining transfer learning and gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). Pneumonia is a common lung disease that is generally diagnosed using X-rays. However, in areas with limited medical resources, a shortage of medical personnel may result in… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enhanced 3D Point Cloud Reconstruction for Light Field Microscopy Using U-Net-Based Convolutional Neural Networks

    Shariar Md Imtiaz1, Ki-Chul Kwon1, F. M. Fahmid Hossain1, Md. Biddut Hossain1, Rupali Kiran Shinde1, Sang-Keun Gil2, Nam Kim1,*

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.3, pp. 2921-2937, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.040205

    Abstract This article describes a novel approach for enhancing the three-dimensional (3D) point cloud reconstruction for light field microscopy (LFM) using U-net architecture-based fully convolutional neural network (CNN). Since the directional view of the LFM is limited, noise and artifacts make it difficult to reconstruct the exact shape of 3D point clouds. The existing methods suffer from these problems due to the self-occlusion of the model. This manuscript proposes a deep fusion learning (DL) method that combines a 3D CNN with a U-Net-based model as a feature extractor. The sub-aperture images obtained from the light field microscopy are aligned to form… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A New Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Prepress Algorithm for Simulation of Planned Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease

    Vitaliy Suvorov1,2,*, Olga Loboda2, Maria Balakina1, Igor Kulczycki2

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 491-505, 2023, DOI:10.32604/chd.2023.030583

    Abstract Background: Three-dimensional printing technology may become a key factor in transforming clinical practice and in significant improvement of treatment outcomes. The introduction of this technique into pediatric cardiac surgery will allow us to study features of the anatomy and spatial relations of a defect and to simulate the optimal surgical repair on a printed model in every individual case. Methods: We performed the prospective cohort study which included 29 children with congenital heart defects. The hearts and the great vessels were modeled and printed out. Measurements of the same cardiac areas were taken in the same planes and points at… More > Graphic Abstract

    A New Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Prepress Algorithm for Simulation of Planned Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease

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