Qunlu Liu^1,#, Fiza Liaquat^1,2,#, Qiqi Tang¹, Jun Yang^3,4, Shuai Qiu⁵, Amber Malik², Kang Ye^3,4, Kai Gao⁵, Jun Qin^3,4,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.11, pp. 3539-3562, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.071989 - 01 December 2025

Abstract Hydrangea macrophylla is a popular ornamental shrub with a lot of economic and aesthetic value. It is known for its different flower shapes (lacecap and mophead) and the way its flowers change color depending on the pH of the soil. Even though it is important for gardening, we still don’t know much about the molecular processes that lead to flower growth. The purpose of this study was to find and study SNP-related genes and transcription factors that are connected to the growth of H. macrophylla flowers. Genome-wide SNP analysis identified 11 SNPs associated with MYB transcription factors… More >

Hongjuan Xu¹, Lan Yang¹, Lejuan Shi¹, Weize Wang¹, Yiwen Guan¹, Ye Liu¹, Panpan Yang^2,3,*, Zhilin Chen^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.10, pp. 3157-3173, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.071147 - 29 October 2025

Abstract Vivipary in plants evolved under long-term adaptation to harsh environments and is an important reproduction pathway. However, the mechanisms driving vegetative vivipary are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the anatomy of viviparous inflorescences of Festuca glauca ‘Elijah Blue’ using stereomicroscopy and paraffin section anatomical observation. We also determined the contents of endogenous hormones in normal and viviparous inflorescences using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In viviparous inflorescences, typical upper and lower epidermal tissues, spongy tissue, and palisade tissue of leaves appeared in developmental stages 2 and 3 (20 and 45 days after emergence), indicating vegetative… More >

Yong Zhao^1,#, Yaxuan Jiang^3,#, Li Wen¹, Rui Luo², Guorui Li², Jianjun Di², Mingda Yin², Zhiyan Wang², Fenglan Huang^2,4,5,6,7,*, Fanjuan Meng^3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.4, pp. 713-723, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.047657 - 29 April 2024

Abstract The yield of castor is influenced by the type of inflorescence and the proportion of female flowers. However, there are few studies on the genetic mechanism involved in the development and differentiation of castor inflorescences. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analyses of three different phenotypes of inflorescences at the five-leaf stage. In comparison to the MI (complete pistil without willow leaves), 290 and 89 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the SFI (complete pistil with willow leaves) and the BI (monoecious inflorescence), respectively. Among the DEGs, 104 and 88 were upregulated in the… More >

Mingda Yin^1,#, Rui Luo^1,#, Tana Liang¹, Qi Wen¹, Xiaotian Liang¹, Yanpeng Wen¹, Xuemei Hu¹, Zhiyan Wang¹, Chang Gao¹, Wenjing Ren¹, Fenglan Huang^1,2,3,4,5,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.1, pp. 97-117, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.031228 - 26 January 2024

Abstract Castor is one of the top 10 oil crops in the world and has extremely valuable uses. Castor inflorescences directly affect yield, so the study of inflorescence development is very important in increasing castor yield. Our previous studies have shown that the PIP5K gene family (PIP5Ks) is associated with inflorescence development. In this study, to determine the function of each PIP5K gene in castor, a female Lm-type castor line, aLmAB2, was used to determine the relative expression levels of the PIP5Ks in castor inflorescences. Six PIP5K genes were heterologously overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, the relative expression of each gene… More >

Yanpeng Wen^1,#, Rui Luo^1,#, Lili Li¹, Xiaotian Liang¹, Xuemei Hu¹, Ruxin Li¹, Zhiyan Wang¹, Fenglan Huang^1,2,3,4,5,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3091-3112, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.030960 - 24 October 2023

Abstract Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the top 10 oil crops in the world, and inflorescence is a trait that directly affects its yield. Phospholipase C (PLCs) is involved in many plant activities and metabolic processes. To study the functions of PLC family genes in the regulation of the inflorescence development of the female line of Lm-type castor aLmAB2, we determined the expression levels of six PLC family genes of three types of inflorescences of aLmAB2 (isofemale line, female line, bisexual line) at different developmental stages. The results showed that the 6 genes of the castor PLC… More >

Xue Lei^1,#, Yong Zhao^2,#, Rui Luo¹, Mingda Yin¹, Yanpeng Wen¹, Zhiyan Wang¹, Xuemei Hu¹, Fenglan Huang^1,3,4,5,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.5, pp. 1621-1632, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.027046 - 09 March 2023

Abstract Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is one of ten oil crops in the world and has complex inflorescence styles. Generally, castor has three inflorescence types: single female inflorescence (SiFF), standard female inflorescence (StFF) and bisexual inflorescence (BF). StFF is realized as a restorer line and as a maintainer line, which was applied to castor hybrid breeding. However, the developmental mechanism of the three inflorescences is not clear. Therefore, we used proteomic techniques to analyze different inflorescence styles. A total of 72 diferentially abundant protein species (DAPs) were detected. These DAPs are primarily involved in carbon and energy More >

Qinzheng Hou^#, Wenjuan Shao^#, Nurbiye Ehmet^#, Taihong Wang, Yifan Xu, Kun Sun^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1617-1628, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020768 - 14 April 2022

Abstract Ecological interactions between flowers and pollinators greatly affect the reproductive success. To facilitate these interactions, many flowers are known to display their attractive qualities, such as scent emission, flower rewards and floral vertical direction, in a rhythmic fashion. However, less is known about how plants regulate the relationship between these flower traits to adapt to pollinator visiting behavior and increase reproduction success. Here we investigated the adaptive significance of the flower bending from erect to downward in Trifolium repens. We observed the flowering dynamic characteristics (changes of vertical direction of florets, flowering number, pollen grain numbers,… More >

Lin Zhang^1,2,*, Dong Xie¹, Zhong Bian¹, Yiting Zou¹, Han Zhou¹, Wenlu Cai¹, Hadi Yeilaghi¹, Xiaolei Fan^1,2, Changquan Zhang^1,2, Qiaoquan Liu^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 773-787, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015229 - 30 March 2021

Abstract In recent years, some super hybrid rice varieties were bred with strong culms and large panicles, which are mainly contributed by the ipa1-2D locus. A gain-of-function allele of OsSPL14 is the ipa1-2D and it can greatly increase the panicle primary branch number. However, the key downstream genes mediating this trait variation are not fully explored. In this study, we developed high-quality near-isogenic lines (NILs) with a difference of only 30 kb chromosomal segment covering the ipa1-2D locus. Using the NILs, we explored the impact of ipa1-2D on five sequential stages of early inflorescence development, and found that the… More >

Galussi AA^1,2, ME Moya^1,2, LR Zimmermann¹, FG Marchese^1,2, YG Gillij^1,2, F Torres^1,2

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.81, pp. 255-260, 2012, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2012.81.255

Abstract Mnesithea selloana (known as cola de largarto, teyú ruguay) is a spring-summer-fall species that flowers and fructifies in that period; it has good forage quality, and it is in danger of extinction in the natural grasslands at the study region. The objectives of this work were to study the sinflorescence morphology, and the maturity and quality of the caryopsis to know its reproductive aspects in relation to the dissemination of this especies in grazing areas. The sinflorescence was studied in two plants during a period of 45 days, between October and December 2010, within an experimental… More >