Alsoudi Dua¹, Tan Fong Ang¹, Chin Soon Ku^2,*, Okmi Mohammed^1,3, Yu Luo⁴, Jiahui Chen⁴, Uzair Aslam Bhatti⁵, Lip Yee Por^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 2579-2624, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070413 - 23 September 2025

Abstract Blockchain interoperability enables seamless communication and asset transfer across isolated permissioned blockchain systems, but it introduces significant security and privacy vulnerabilities. This review aims to systematically assess the security and privacy landscape of interoperability protocols for permissioned blockchains, identifying key properties, attack vectors, and countermeasures. Using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we analysed 56 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025, retrieved from Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore. The review focused on interoperability protocols for permissioned blockchains with security and privacy analyses, including only English-language journal articles and conference proceedings. Risk of bias in… More >

Saha Reno^1,#,*, Koushik Roy^2,#

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 2061-2119, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066366 - 03 July 2025

Abstract The blockchain trilemma—balancing decentralization, security, and scalability—remains a critical challenge in distributed ledger technology. Despite significant advancements, achieving all three attributes simultaneously continues to elude most blockchain systems, often forcing trade-offs that limit their real-world applicability. This review paper synthesizes current research efforts aimed at resolving the trilemma, focusing on innovative consensus mechanisms, sharding techniques, layer-2 protocols, and hybrid architectural models. We critically analyze recent breakthroughs, including Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based structures, cross-chain interoperability frameworks, and zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) enhancements, which aim to reconcile scalability with robust security and decentralization. Furthermore, we evaluate the trade-offs More >

N. Anand Kumar^1,*, A. Grace Selvarani², P. Vivekanandan³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 1077-1090, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.034115 - 26 May 2023

Abstract The purpose of this research is to deal with effective block chain framework for secure transactions. The rate of effective data transactions and the interoperability of the ledger are the two major obstacles involved in Blockchain and to tackle this issue, Cross-Chain based Transaction (CCT) is introduced. Traditional industries have been restructured by the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) to become smart industries through the feature of data-driven decision-making. Still, there are a few limitations, like decentralization, security vulnerabilities, poor interoperability, as well as privacy concerns in IoTs. To overcome this limitation, Blockchain has… More >

Vasanthi Raghupathy^1,*, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf², Carlos Andrés Tavera Romero³, Sudhakar Sengan⁴, Dilip Kumar Sharma⁵

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.41, No.3, pp. 1241-1253, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.021997 - 10 November 2021

Abstract Computing has become more invisible, widespread and ubiquitous since the inception of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Web of Things. Multiple devices that surround us meet user’s requirements everywhere. Multiple Middleware Framework (MF) designs have come into existence because of the rapid development of interactive services in Heterogeneous Systems. This resulted in the delivery of interactive services throughout Heterogeneous Environments (HE). Users are given free navigation between devices in a widespread environment and continuously interact with each other from any chosen device. Numerous interactive devices with recent interactive platforms (for example, Smart Phones, Mobile… More >

Nipun Chhabra^*, Manju Bala, Vrajesh Sharma

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 2019-2035, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021797 - 03 November 2021

Abstract Cloud computing technology is the culmination of technical advancements in computer networks, hardware and software capabilities that collectively gave rise to computing as a utility. It offers a plethora of utilities to its clients worldwide in a very cost-effective way and this feature is enticing users/companies to migrate their infrastructure to cloud platform. Swayed by its gigantic capacity and easy access clients are uploading replicated data on cloud resulting in an unnecessary crunch of storage in datacenters. Many data compression techniques came to rescue but none could serve the purpose for the capacity as large… More >

Kausar Parveen^1,*, Ghalib A. Shah², Muhammad Aslam³, Amjad Farooq³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 41-56, 2021, DOI:10.32604/csse.2021.013787 - 23 December 2020

Abstract Smart Urbanization has increased tremendously over the last few years, and this has exacerbated problems in all areas of life, especially in the energy sector. The Internet of Things (IoT) is providing effective solutions in gas distribution, transmission and billing through very sophisticated sensory devices and software. Billions of heterogeneous devices link to each other in smart urbanization, and this has led to the Semantic interoperability (SI) problem between the connected devices. In the energy field, such as electricity and gas, several devices are interlinked. These devices are competent for their specific operational role but… More >

Ebtsam Adel¹, Shaker El-sappagh², Mohammed Elmogy³, Sherif Barakat¹, Kyung-Sup Kwak^4,*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.26, No.2, pp. 237-251, 2020, DOI:10.31209/2019.100000151

Abstract Information technology is a beneficial tool for the healthcare industry. Health informatics is concerned with using ICT within the healthcare system. Different electronic health record (EHR) systems independently store large amounts of medical data in various structures and formats. Achieving semantic interoperability in EHR environments will improve the healthcare industry. In our previous studies, we proposed a framework that identifies the different heterogeneous medical data sources. In this paper, we move towards implementing the first module of that framework. We expect our framework to be a step towards improving performance and reducing both human mediation More >