Muhammad Ibrahim¹, Muhammad Hanif², Shabir Ahmad³, Faisal Jamil¹, Tayyaba Sehar², YunJung Lee⁴, DoHyeun Kim^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5651-5665, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017772

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely adopted in various domains including smart cities, healthcare, smart factories, etc. In the last few years, the fitness industry has been reshaped by the introduction of smart fitness solutions for individuals as well as fitness gyms. The IoT fitness devices collect trainee data that is being used for various decision-making. However, it will face numerous security and privacy issues towards its realization. This work focuses on IoT security, especially DoS/DDoS attacks. In this paper, we have proposed a novel blockchain-enabled protocol (BEP) that uses the notion of a self-exposing node (SEN) approach… More >

Aref Hassan Kurd Ali^1,*, Halikul Lenando¹, Slim Chaoui^2,3, Mohamad Alrfaay^1,4, Medhat A. Tawfeek^5,6

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 4147-4167, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020659

Abstract Recently, Opportunistic Networks (OppNets) are considered to be one of the most attractive developments of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks that have arisen thanks to the development of intelligent devices. OppNets are characterized by a rough and dynamic topology as well as unpredictable contacts and contact times. Data is forwarded and stored in intermediate nodes until the next opportunity occurs. Therefore, achieving a high delivery ratio in OppNets is a challenging issue. It is imperative that any routing protocol use network resources, as far as they are available, in order to achieve higher network performance. In this article, we introduce the… More >

Muhammad Junaid^1,*, Adnan Sohail¹, Monagi H. Alkinani², Adeel Ahmed³, Mehmood Ahmed³, Faisal Rehman⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 3985-4007, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019962

Abstract Metaheuristic approaches in cloud computing have shown significant results due to their multi-objective advantages. These approaches are now considering hybrid metaheuristics combining the relative optimized benefits of two or more algorithms resulting in the least tradeoffs among several factors. The critical factors such as execution time, throughput time, response time, energy consumption, SLA violations, communication overhead, makespan, and migration time need careful attention while designing such dynamic algorithms. To improve such factors, an optimized multi-objective hybrid algorithm is being proposed that combines the relative advantages of Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) with machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM).… More >

Jaleel Nazir^1,2, Muhammad Waseem Iqbal¹, Tahir Alyas², Muhammad Hamid³, Muhammad Saleem⁴, Saadia Malik⁵, Nadia Tabassum^6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1479-1490, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019344

Abstract Load balancing is a technique for identifying overloaded and underloaded nodes and balancing the load between them. To maximize various performance parameters in cloud computing, researchers suggested various load balancing approaches. To store and access data and services provided by the different service providers through the network over different regions, cloud computing is one of the latest technology systems for both end-users and service providers. The volume of data is increasing due to the pandemic and a significant increase in usage of the internet has also been experienced. Users of the cloud are looking for services that are intelligent, and,… More >

Mohammad Riyaz Belgaum¹, Fuead Ali¹, Zainab Alansari², Shahrulniza Musa^1,*, Muhammad Mansoor Alam^1,3, M. S. Mazliham⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 251-266, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018211

Abstract Software-defined networking (SDN) plays a critical role in transforming networking from traditional to intelligent networking. The increasing demand for services from cloud users has increased the load on the network. An efficient system must handle various loads and increasing needs representing the relationships and dependence of businesses on automated measurement systems and guarantee the quality of service (QoS). The multiple paths from source to destination give a scope to select an optimal path by maintaining an equilibrium of load using some best algorithms. Moreover, the requests need to be transferred to reliable network elements. To address SDN’s current and future… More >

Shabir Ahmad¹, Faisal Jamil², Abid Ali³, Ehtisham Khan⁴, Muhammad Ibrahim², Taeg Keun Whangbo^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1363-1379, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017715

Abstract The concept of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) evolves to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional networks with Internet Protocol (I.P.) packets sending and packets handling. The SDN structure is one of the critical advantages of efficiently separating the data plane from the control plane to manage the network configurations and network management. Whenever there are multiple sending devices inside the SDN network, the OpenFlow switches are programmed to handle the limited number of requests for their interface. When the recommendations are exceeded from the specific threshold, the load on the switches also increases. This research article introduces a new approach named… More >

Fang Liu^1,*, Zhenyuan Zhang², Zunfu Wang¹, Yuting Xing³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2045-2060, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018303

Abstract Due to the explosion of network data traffic and IoT devices, edge servers are overloaded and slow to respond to the massive volume of online requests. A large number of studies have shown that edge caching can solve this problem effectively. This paper proposes a distributed edge collaborative caching mechanism for Internet online request services scenario. It solves the problem of large average access delay caused by unbalanced load of edge servers, meets users’ differentiated service demands and improves user experience. In particular, the edge cache node selection algorithm is optimized, and a novel edge cache replacement strategy considering the… More >

Nauman Khan^1,2, Rosli Bin Salleh^1,*, Ihsan Ali¹, Zahid Khan³, Noman Mazhar¹, Roobaea Alroobaea⁴, Fahad Almansour⁵, Usman Ali¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 945-965, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017394

Abstract Software-defined networking (SDN) makes network agile and flexible due to its programmable approach. An extensive network has multiple domains in SDN for the scalability and performance of the network. However, the inter-domain link is also crucial for the stability of the entire network on the data plane layer. More than one inter-domain connection enhances the scalability of the data plane layer. However, it faces a reachability problem with the principal root, which causes forwarding loops and packet drops in the network, thereby degrading network performance. The proposed solution is a multiple controller architecture; however, this approach increases the complexity and… More >

Donglei Lu¹, Dongjie Zhu^2,*, Yundong Sun³, Haiwen Du³, Xiaofang Li⁴, Rongning Qu⁴, Yansong Wang³, Ning Cao¹, Helen Min Zhou⁵

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.38, No.3, pp. 339-350, 2021, DOI:10.32604/csse.2021.016683

Abstract In recent years, the Internet of Things technology has developed rapidly, and smart Internet of Things devices have also been widely popularized. A large amount of data is generated every moment. Now we are in the era of big data in the Internet of Things. The rapid growth of massive data has brought great challenges to storage technology, which cannot be well coped with by traditional storage technology. The demand for massive data storage has given birth to cloud storage technology. Load balancing technology plays an important role in improving the performance and resource utilization of cloud storage systems. Therefore,… More >

Maryam Shafiq¹, Humaira Ashraf¹, Ata Ullah², Mehedi Masud³, Muhammad Azeem², N. Z. Jhanjhi^4,*, Mamoona Humayun⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3505-3521, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015533

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining attention because of its broad applicability, especially by integrating smart devices for massive communication during sensing tasks. IoT-assisted Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are suitable for various applications like industrial monitoring, agriculture, and transportation. In this regard, routing is challenging to find an efficient path using smart devices for transmitting the packets towards big data repositories while ensuring efficient energy utilization. This paper presents the Robust Cluster Based Routing Protocol (RCBRP) to identify the routing paths where less energy is consumed to enhances the network lifespan. The scheme is presented in six phases to… More >