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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Water Absorption Capacity and Coating Adhesion on Thermally Modified and Not-Modified Spruce Wood (Blue Stained or Free of Blue Stained)

    Demiao Chu1, Redžo Hasanagić2, Leila Fathi3, Mohsen Bahmani3,*, Miha Humar4

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.12, pp. 4061-4078, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.043657 - 10 November 2023

    Abstract This study aimed to investigate the water absorption capacity of thermally modified and non-modified spruce and blue-stained spruce wood. The wettability of wood depends on various factors, including its type, density, porosity, and surface treatment. Wood can swell and become distorted when exposed to water or humidity, impacting its structural integrity. Hence, it is crucial to consider the water and water vapour uptake in the wood when choosing materials for applications that are likely to be exposed to moisture. Various moisture absorption tests were conducted to assess water absorption capacity, including short-term and long-term water… More > Graphic Abstract

    Water Absorption Capacity and Coating Adhesion on Thermally Modified and Not-Modified Spruce Wood (Blue Stained or Free of Blue Stained)

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Long-term exposure to IL-1β enhances Toll-IL-1 receptor-mediated inflammatory signaling in murine airway hyperresponsiveness

    Yaping Zhang1, Cang-Bao Xu2, Lars-Olaf Cardell1

    European Cytokine Network, Vol.20, No.3, pp. 148-156, 2009, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2009.0156

    Abstract Toll-interleukin-1 (Toll-IL-1) receptor signaling may play a key role in the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Previously, we have demon-strated that pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), induce AHR. However, the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms that lead to AHR remain elusive. In order to see if the Toll-IL-1 receptor-mediated inflammatory signal pathways are involved in the development of AHR, the present study was designed to use a real-time PCR array, a sensitive and powerful tool, consisting of 84 genes related to Toll-IL-1 receptor signal… More >

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