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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Secure Channel Estimation Using Norm Estimation Model for 5G Next Generation Wireless Networks

    Khalil Ullah1,*, Song Jian1, Muhammad Naeem Ul Hassan1, Suliman Khan2, Mohammad Babar3,*, Arshad Ahmad4, Shafiq Ahmad5

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.1, pp. 1151-1169, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.057328 - 03 January 2025

    Abstract The emergence of next generation networks (NextG), including 5G and beyond, is reshaping the technological landscape of cellular and mobile networks. These networks are sufficiently scaled to interconnect billions of users and devices. Researchers in academia and industry are focusing on technological advancements to achieve high-speed transmission, cell planning, and latency reduction to facilitate emerging applications such as virtual reality, the metaverse, smart cities, smart health, and autonomous vehicles. NextG continuously improves its network functionality to support these applications. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology offers spectral efficiency, dependability, and overall performance in conjunction with More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Effects of Nanofertilizers on the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Plants: A Review

    Xinyi Liu1,4, Muhammed Nadeem1, Yukui Rui1,2,3,4,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3197-3216, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.059281 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract Compared with conventional fertilizers, nano fertilizer has many advantages such as controlled release, controlled or slow release of nutrients, high efficiency of nutrition use, cheap, and little polluting of the environment. The use of fertilizers with nanotechnology is a new field in agriculture, and it is a promising and cost-effective substitute for conventional fertilizers to improve the productivity of the world’s food supply. Photosynthesis is an essential biochemical reaction on Earth. Improving photosynthesis, the basic process for light’s transformation into chemical energy is one of the most important areas of research for improving agricultural output… More > Graphic Abstract

    Effects of Nanofertilizers on the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Plants: A Review

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Improvement of the Birch Outer Bark Plywood Binder: The Impact of the Bark Fractional Composition and the Binder Preparation Methodology

    Rūdolfs Bērziņš*, Aigars Pāže, Guntis Sosins, Daniela Godiņa, Laima Vēvere, Jānis Rižikovs

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.12, pp. 2095-2113, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056769 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Birch outer bark (BOB) from Betula pendula Roth. is a unique and valuable biomass feedstock that contains suberin. The biopolyester suberin is built from bifunctional fatty acids-suberinic acids (SA)-which can be obtained through a depolymerization process in an alkaline medium and used as a binder due to their adhesive properties. The aim of this study was to develop the SA-containing binder and identify suitable pressing conditions to produce plywood that meets the shear strength requirements of the EN 314-2 standard 3rd moisture resistance class for bonding quality, ensuring durability in unprotected exterior conditions (shear strength ≥… More > Graphic Abstract

    Improvement of the Birch Outer Bark Plywood Binder: The Impact of the Bark Fractional Composition and the Binder Preparation Methodology

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Preparation and Characterization of Hydrogel Materials Based on the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Enteromorpha prolifera

    Jiangyi Zhou, Bin Cao, Sivakumar Esakkimuthu, Mao Mu*, Shuang Wang*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.12, pp. 2069-2078, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.054905 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Seaweed, as a third generation of biomass energy, has significant potential to replace non-renewable fossil fuels. Among various conversion technologies, hydrothermal liquefaction can effectively convert seaweed into bio-oil. However, most current research on hydrothermal liquefaction products focuses on the oil phase and solid phase, with little attention given to the utilization of the aqueous phase by-product. In this study, the large seaweed Enteromorpha prolifera was selected as the raw material. The aqueous phase containing organic components was prepared through hydrothermal liquefaction at different temperatures, which was then mixed with the polymer polyvinyl alcohol to produce high-value… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Novel Insights into the Conservation Physiology and Ex situ Conservation of the Threatened and Rare Semi-Aquatic Moss Drepanocladus lycopodioides (Amblystegiaceae)

    Bojana Z. Jadranin1, Marija V. Ćosić1, Djordje P. Božović1, Milorad M. Vujičić1,2, Beáta Papp3, Aneta D. Sabovljević1,2, Marko S. Sabovljević1,2,4,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.11, pp. 3039-3054, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058469 - 30 November 2024

    Abstract The rare and threatened semi-aquatic moss Drepanocladus lycopodioides (Amblystegiaceae) was the subject of growth optimization under ex situ axenic laboratory conditions. The positioning of the plantlets on media, media types as well as selected growth regulators and sugars were parameters tested in optimizing growth promotion of this species in captivity. Out of the tested media types, the KNOP medium and the upright positioning of the explants were the best for propagation and biomass production of D. lycopodioides. The addition of sugars had no significant effect on this moss development axenically, while exogenously applied Benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Research Progress of Biomass-Based Porous Oil-Absorbing Materials

    Yifan Sun1, Yuanyuan Zhang1,2, Ziyi Tian1, Hailang Liu1, Siying Chen1, Xujuan Huang1,*, Zhaosheng Cai1, Bo Fang3

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.11, pp. 1837-1856, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.055933 - 22 November 2024

    Abstract As oil is now an important resource for the survival and development of mankind, the consumption of oil continues to increase each year, and there have been a number of major oil spills in history, such as the oil spill from the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig. Therefore, oil spills during storage and transportation have become an issue of serious concern. Current methods such as incineration and chemical methods cause secondary environmental pollution and fail to enable resource recovery. The adsorption method by porous materials has attracted worldwide attention due to its simplicity, portability, and efficiency.… More > Graphic Abstract

    Research Progress of Biomass-Based Porous Oil-Absorbing Materials

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Bibliometric Exploration of Conversion of Sugars to Furan Derivatives 2,5-Dimethylfuran by Catalytic Process

    Nuttida Chanhom1, Tossapon Katongtung2, Nakorn Tippayawong2,*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.12, pp. 3649-3665, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.054862 - 22 November 2024

    Abstract This study investigated the conversion of sugars into furan derivatives, specifically 2,5-dimethylfuran, through catalytic processes using bibliographic analysis. This method evaluates scientific outcomes and impact within a specific field by analyzing data such as publication trends, references, collaborative models, leading authors, and institutions. The study utilized data from the reliable Scopus database and conducted analysis using the visualization of similarity (VOS) viewer program to gain in-depth insights into the current state of research on this topic. The findings revealed that “5 hydroxymethyl furfural” was the most used keyword, followed by “biomass” and “catalysis.” The research More >

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    A Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Finite Element Method with Optimized Explicit Time Integration for Welding Distortion and Stress Analysis

    Hui Huang1,*, Yongbing Li1, Shuhui Li1, Ninshu Ma2

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 1-1, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011348

    Abstract The sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical finite element analysis (FEA) with implicit iteration scheme is widely adopted for welding process simulation because the one-way coupling scheme is believed to be more efficient. However, such computational framework faces the bottleneck of scalability in large-scale analysis due to the exponential growth of computational burden with respect to the number of unknowns in a FEA model. In the present study, a fully coupled approach with explicit integration was developed to simulate fusion welding induced temperature, distortion, and residual stresses. A mass scaling and heat capacity inverse scaling technique was proposed More >

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    Mechanism, Manipulation and Application of the Bubble Micromotor

    Leilei Wang1, Li Chen2, Haihang Cui2, Xu Zheng1,*

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.30, No.2, pp. 1-2, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011434

    Abstract The emerging technique of artificial micro/nano-motors [1] provides a vivid example of the idea using tiny machines to finish jobs in microscopic world. Among many micro/nano-motors, microbubble driven micromotor is a unique type that can reach the highest propulsion speed [2, 3], owing to the high surface energy of the bubble and the focused hydrodynamic jet during bubble collapse that can significantly enhance micromotor’s propulsion. Recent progress has demonstrated that the microbubble itself can implement new functions for the micromotor based on bubble dynamics and induced hydrodynamic flow, rather than merely providing energy. For instance,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Parameter Optimization of Tuned Mass Damper Inerter via Adaptive Harmony Search

    Yaren Aydın1, Gebrail Bekdaş1,*, Sinan Melih Nigdeli1, Zong Woo Geem2,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.3, pp. 2471-2499, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.056693 - 31 October 2024

    Abstract Dynamic impacts such as wind and earthquakes cause loss of life and economic damage. To ensure safety against these effects, various measures have been taken from past to present and solutions have been developed using different technologies. Tall buildings are more susceptible to vibrations such as wind and earthquakes. Therefore, vibration control has become an important issue in civil engineering. This study optimizes tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) using far-fault ground motion records. This study derives the optimum parameters of TMDI using the Adaptive Harmony Search algorithm. Structure displacement and total acceleration against earthquake load More >

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