Dongchi Cai^1,2,#, Jialin Ji^3,#, Chunhui Yang^1,*, Hong Cai^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071152 - 30 December 2025

Abstract Metabolic reprogramming involving branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—is increasingly recognized as pivotal in cancer progression, metastasis, and immune modulation. This review comprehensively explores how cancer cells rewire BCAA metabolism to enhance proliferation, survival, and therapy resistance. Tumors manipulate BCAA uptake and catabolism via high expression of transporters like L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and enzymes including branched chain amino acid transaminase 1(BCAT1), branched chain amino acid transaminase 2 (BCAT2), branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), and branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK). These alterations sustain energy production, biosynthesis, redox homeostasis, and oncogenic… More >

Sandra Kałużna^1,*, Monika Świerczewska^1,2, Sylwia Ciesiółka¹, Małgorzata Partyka¹, Michał Nowicki¹, Karolina Wojtowicz¹

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070356 - 30 December 2025

Abstract The last research focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer treatment. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles. They can be secreted by cancer cells, and they can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity. Determining exosomal content opens the possibility for guiding treatment strategies for cancer diseases. Exosomal microRNA are considered one of the prime candidates for exosomal biomarkers. Exosomal circular RNAs represent excellent biomarkers for liquid biopsy because of their stability in many types of cancer. Exosomal proteins remain reliable biomarkers also. Exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates. Their biological properties render them ideal vectors for drug delivery.… More >

Shujie Yin¹, Zong Li¹, Wen-Bin Ou^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.069049 - 30 December 2025

Abstract Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, excessive lipid peroxidation-driven form of regulated cell death. The core mechanisms of ferroptosis include lipid peroxidation cascade, System X_c⁻-glutathioneglutathione peroxidase 4 axis, iron and lipid metabolism chaos, the NAD(P)Hferroptosis suppressor protein 1—ubiquinone axis, and GTP cyclohydrolase 1 tetrahydrobiopterin-dihydrofolate reductase axis. Cuproptosis is triggered by copper ions and involves ferredoxin 1-mediated aggregation of lipoylated proteins, differing fundamentally from ferroptosis. Both ferroptosis and cuproptosis exhibit dual roles (promote or inhibit) in cancers. And the sensitivity of different cancer types to ferroptosis varies, which may depend on special metabolic signatures (e.g., E-cadherin loss causes epithelial–mesenchymal More > Graphic Abstract

Ashok Kumar Sah^1,*, Ranjay Kumar Choudhary^1,2, Velilyaeva Alie Sabrievna³, Karomatov Inomdzhon Dzhuraevich⁴, Anass M. Abbas⁵, Manar G. Shalabi⁵, Nadeem Ahmad Siddique⁶, Raji Rubayyi Alshammari⁷, Navjyot Trivedi⁸, Rabab H. Elshaikh¹

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068238 - 30 December 2025

Abstract Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare, representing 0.5%–1% of all breast cancers, but its incidence is increasing due to improved diagnostics and awareness. MBC typically presents in older men, is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, and lacks routine screening, leading to delayed diagnosis and advanced disease. Major risk factors include hormonal imbalance, radiation exposure, obesity, alcohol use, and Breast Cancer Gene 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) mutations. Clinically, it may resemble gynecomastia but usually appears as a unilateral, painless mass or nipple discharge. Advances in imaging and liquid biopsy have More >

Sabina-Cristiana Necula^*, Napoleon-Alexandru Sireteanu

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-34, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070861 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Modern business information systems face significant challenges in managing heterogeneous data sources, integrating disparate systems, and providing real-time decision support in complex enterprise environments. Contemporary enterprises typically operate 200+ interconnected systems, with research indicating that 52% of organizations manage three or more enterprise content management systems, creating information silos that reduce operational efficiency by up to 35%. While attention mechanisms have demonstrated remarkable success in natural language processing and computer vision, their systematic application to business information systems remains largely unexplored. This paper presents the theoretical foundation for a Hierarchical Attention-Based Business Information System (HABIS)… More >

Xu Tao¹, Qiang Xiao², Zhaoqi Jin², Hao Li^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-18, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070790 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Image fusion technology aims to generate a more informative single image by integrating complementary information from multi-modal images. Despite the significant progress of deep learning-based fusion methods, existing algorithms are often limited to single or dual-dimensional feature interactions, thus struggling to fully exploit the profound complementarity between multi-modal images. To address this, this paper proposes a parallel multi-dimensional complementary fusion network, termed PMCFusion, for the task of infrared and visible image fusion. The core of this method is its unique parallel three-branch fusion module, PTFM, which pioneers the parallel synergistic perception and efficient integration of… More >

Qiuru Fu¹, Shumao Zhang¹, Shuang Zhou¹, Jie Xu^1,*, Changming Zhao², Shanchao Li³, Du Xu^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-19, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070493 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Knowledge graphs often suffer from sparsity and incompleteness. Knowledge graph reasoning is an effective way to address these issues. Unlike static knowledge graph reasoning, which is invariant over time, dynamic knowledge graph reasoning is more challenging due to its temporal nature. In essence, within each time step in a dynamic knowledge graph, there exists structural dependencies among entities and relations, whereas between adjacent time steps, there exists temporal continuity. Based on these structural and temporal characteristics, we propose a model named “DKGR-DR” to learn distributed representations of entities and relations by combining recurrent neural networks More >

Song Xu^1,2,*, Liang Xuan^1,2, Yifeng Li^1,2, Qiang Zhang^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-19, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070472 - 09 December 2025

Abstract The 6D pose estimation of objects is of great significance for the intelligent assembly and sorting of industrial parts. In the industrial robot production scenarios, the 6D pose estimation of industrial parts mainly faces two challenges: one is the loss of information and interference caused by occlusion and stacking in the sorting scenario, the other is the difficulty of feature extraction due to the weak texture of industrial parts. To address the above problems, this paper proposes an attention-based pixel-level voting network for 6D pose estimation of weakly textured industrial parts, namely CB-PVNet. On the… More >

Yuqiang Wu^1,2, Zhao Ji¹, Guanqi You¹, Zihan Zhang¹, Chaoping Lu³, Huanliang Xu¹, Zhaoyu Zhai^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-22, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070414 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Understanding fish movement trajectories in aquaculture is essential for practical applications, such as disease warning, feeding optimization, and breeding management. These trajectories reveal key information about the fish’s behavior, health, and environmental adaptability. However, when multi-object tracking (MOT) algorithms are applied to the high-density aquaculture environment, occlusion and overlapping among fish may result in missed detections, false detections, and identity switching problems, which limit the tracking accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes FishTracker, a MOT algorithm, by utilizing a Tracking-by-Detection framework. First, the neck part of the YOLOv8 model is enhanced by introducing… More >

Wei Liu^1,*, Ruiyang Wang¹, Guangwei Liu²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-23, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070328 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Q-learning is a classical reinforcement learning method with broad applicability. It can respond effectively to environmental changes and provide flexible strategies, making it suitable for solving robot path-planning problems. However, Q-learning faces challenges in search and update efficiency. To address these issues, we propose an improved Q-learning (IQL) algorithm. We use an enhanced Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to optimize Q-table initialization. We also introduce the UCH mechanism to refine the reward function and overcome the exploration dilemma. The IQL algorithm is extensively tested in three grid environments of different scales. The results validate the… More >