Jinlin Chen^1,2, Yiquan Wu^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.085761 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Accurate waterline detection is critical for automated ship draft monitoring but remains challenging due to weak textures, low contrast, and dynamic maritime interferences. This paper presents TGNet, a task-guided framework that jointly optimizes character recognition and waterline keypoint localization. TGNet introduces a triple attention network (TAnet) with channel, spatial, and texture attention modules to enhance discriminative feature extraction. Crucially, a task-to-task guidance mechanism leverages detected draft characters to spatially constrain and crop feature maps, focusing the keypoint detection head on the most relevant waterline region. Extensive experiments on three large-scale aerial datasets show that TAnet More >

Yufei Wang¹, Jiayi Shang¹, Fang Liu^1,*, Jun Liu²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.085708 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Ship detection is an effective way of sea area supervision, which has important research value in both military and civil fields. For small ship targets in the sea scene, the deep feature map is difficult to effectively capture their subtle features, resulting in the decline of small target detection accuracy and the increase of the missing detection rate. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a detection algorithm called YOLO-MARALight, which adds a small target detection layer in the head network, uses a larger scale feature map to retain the details, and improves the discrimination… More > Graphic Abstract

Huayu Li¹, Xiang Wang¹, Jia Luo^2,3,4,*, Xiaotong He¹, Peiying Zhang¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.085456 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Multimodal Entity Linking (MEL) aims to map ambiguous mentions in multimodal contexts to their corresponding entities in a multimodal knowledge base. However, existing methods still face limitations in terms of feature extraction granularity, the depth of cross-modal interaction, and architectural coupling. To address these issues, we propose a Two-stage Decoupled Matching Network (TDMN) for multimodal entity linking. The matching process is divided into two stages: intra-modal matching and cross-modal interaction. In the intra-modal stage, textual and visual inputs are processed independently. The framework then proceeds to the cross-modal interaction stage, following the principle of “enhancement… More >

Ali Hassan¹, Syed Rizwan Hassan^2,*, Ammar Rafiq³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.084672 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) systems have emerged through the rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling intelligent sensing, distributed learning, and real-time decision-making across diverse application domains. However, this convergence also introduces a significantly expanded adversarial attack surface spanning sensing devices, communication networks, learning pipelines, and actuation environments. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of adversarial threats and defence mechanisms in AIoT systems using a novel 3D-AIoT-TT (Three-Dimensional AIoT Threat Taxonomy) framework. The proposed taxonomy jointly models three fundamental dimensions: (i) AI pipeline stages, (ii) IoT architectural… More >

Ahtisham Waheed¹, Yunfei Yin^1,*, Abu Fatema Mohammad Abdun Noor², Md Imam Ahasan¹, Kah Ong Michael Goh^3,*, S. M. Hasan Mahmud^2,*, Umar Rashid⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.083456 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Robust lane detection is a fundamental perception task for autonomous driving and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. However, it remains challenging in real-world environments due to degraded lane markings, complex road topologies, occlusions, and adverse illumination conditions. This work aims to improve lane detection robustness by explicitly modeling lane geometric properties while preserving end-to-end efficiency. We propose a direction-curvature aware lane detection framework that integrates a novel Direction-Curvature Aware (DCA) attention module into an anchor-based architecture. The DCA module enables tangent-aligned feature aggregation guided by learned direction fields and curvature-consistent attention. In addition, we introduce a More >

Heng Wang¹, Shichao Li¹, Long Xu^2,*, Chuqiao Wang¹, Yanzhou Feng¹, Zou Zhou^1,3,4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.083432 - 13 August 2026

Abstract The inherent challenges of small objects in remote sensing imagery encompass the degradation of fine-grained spatial details throughout the downsampling stages, semantic inconsistency during multi-level feature fusion, along with unreliable localization caused by noisy samples. To address these issues, this paper proposes an efficient small-object detector termed EMW-YOLO. An Efficient Down-sampling (EDS) module is introduced to preserve fine-grained spatial information and enhance feature representation during feature extraction through spatial rearrangement and cross-dimensional attention. A Multi-Scale Fusion and Enhancement (MSFE) architecture is further developed to improve semantic consistency across feature levels by combining local enhancement with More >

Isil Karabey Aksakalli^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.083166 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Open-source platforms and issue tracking systems such as GitHub and Jira generate large volumes of issue reports and code changes, making effective bug identification a challenging task. This study investigates software bug prediction by integrating various feature extraction methods, including Word2Vec, TF-IDF, FastText, GloVe, and Doc2Vec, with several lightweight ML algorithms. Hybrid feature sets are further enhanced using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and empirical results indicate that Word2Vec and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) provide comparatively stronger performance. The study proposes a Hybrid Attention-Residual Multilayer Perceptron (HAR-MLP) model to automatically classify software… More >

Aigerim Altayeva^1,*, Nurzhan Omarov²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.080878 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Hazardous impulsive sound detection plays a critical role in intelligent surveillance, public safety monitoring, and automated emergency response systems. This study proposes a lightweight channel-attention-enhanced deep learning architecture for real-time detection and classification of hazardous acoustic events. The proposed framework utilizes mel-spectrogram representations to capture time-frequency characteristics of audio signals and employs a compact convolutional neural backbone to efficiently extract hierarchical features. To enhance feature discrimination, a squeeze-and-excitation channel-attention mechanism is integrated into the architecture, enabling adaptive recalibration of feature channels and improved robustness under noisy and complex acoustic environments. A custom dataset consisting of More >

Hafiz Khizer bin Talib¹, Yanlong Cao², Muhammad Zaman^3,*, Sharifah Sakinah Syed Ahmad⁴, Nikola Ivkovic⁵, Mario Konecki⁵, Adnan Akhunzada⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078779 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Micro-expression recognition (MER) is a demanding problem in affective computing because micro-expressions are brief, low-amplitude, involuntary facial movements that often reveal concealed affective states. Their recognition is complicated by weak muscle activation, short temporal duration, inter-subject variability, class imbalance, illumination changes, and the limited scale of publicly available MER datasets. To address these constraints, this paper introduces BroadAttNet, an attention-driven convolutional framework that embeds a Broadbent-inspired selective attention layer into a compact CNN backbone. The proposed layer learns to assign higher importance to discriminative facial regions while suppressing spatially redundant or noisy responses, thereby improving… More >

Jie Wu^1,2, Zhewei Zhang^1,2, Kit Ying Chan^1,2, Tat San Lau^1,2,*, Chi Chiu Wang^1,2,3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.083359 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, with most patients diagnosed at an advanced stage and eventually relapsed after post-platinum-taxane chemotherapy. High intratumoral heterogeneity, extensive peritoneal dissemination, and acquired chemoresistance continue to restrict the clinical benefits of current therapeutic strategies. Increasing evidence indicates that ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs), a rare but highly plastic subpopulation characterized by self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, quiescence, tumor-initiating capacity, and intrinsic stress tolerance, play pivotal roles in tumor initiation, metastasis, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we systematically summarize current knowledge regarding the identification and functional characterization of OCSCs More >