Zhou Fang^#, Jiaqi Zhong^#, Jun Luo^*, Yuanzun Sun

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.081333 - 30 June 2026

Abstract The t^′ phase of yttria-stabilized zirconia (t^′-YSZ) is the most extensively used top coat material in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Its relatively high fracture toughness is among the most important factors that enable t^′-YSZ to stand out from other candidate ceramics. Unveiling the toughening mechanisms of t^′-YSZ is conducive to the development of next-generation top-coat materials. In this paper, a coupled phase field model is proposed to study crack growth and domain evolution in polycrystalline t^′-YSZ. Two distinct polycrystal microstructures are considered to investigate the impact of the initial domain structure on the toughening behavior. In Polycrystal I,… More >

Anis Elgarduh¹, Anazida Zainal¹, Fuad A. Ghaleb², Sultan Noman Qasem^3,*, Abdullah M. Albarrak³, Faisal Saeed²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.080862 - 30 June 2026

Abstract The rapid growth and increasing sophistication of malware pose significant challenges to traditional detection methods. Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based malware image classification methods have emerged as a promising approach by transforming binary files into visual representations and enabling automated feature extraction. To enhance discriminative learning, recent studies have incorporated attention mechanisms originally developed for natural image and natural language processing tasks. However, these mechanisms embed inductive biases that assume spatial coherence and visually salient semantics, assumptions that do not necessarily hold in malware image representations, where informative patterns may be subtle, structurally encoded, and globally… More > Graphic Abstract

Mahmood Ashraf^1,2, Nuha Zamzami³, Shtwai Alsubai⁴, Raed Alharthi⁵, Muhammad Umer^6,*, Yunyoung Nam⁷, Yongwon Cho^7,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.078738 - 30 June 2026

Abstract Hyperspectral image (HSI) denoising is a crucial preprocessing step that significantly enhances the performance of downstream applications, such as object detection and classification. Whereas deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance in HSI denoising, many existing models rely mostly on vanilla convolutions, which often fail to capture fine-grained noise patterns and structural details in real-time HSIs. To address these limitations, we propose a novel Center-Difference Convolutional Network (CDCN) designed to effectively suppress various noise types while preserving the inherent structure of HSIs. By leveraging center-difference convolution (CDC), our model captures both gradient and intensity information… More >

Dejun Wu^1,2,*, Chunlei Yu¹, Xuan Lu¹, Deshuo Tao¹, Xiaoning Li¹, Hao Song³

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.084484 - 30 June 2026

Abstract To address the short peak-production period and limited incremental recovery commonly encountered during chemical flooding of high water-cut reservoirs, this study investigates the dynamic evolution of displacement fronts and their controlling factors through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. Two-dimensional plate flooding experiments were first conducted to characterize the evolution of the oil bank in homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs, revealing a four-stage process of formation, enrichment, mobilization, and residual depletion. Based on water-cut behavior, the flooding process was further classified into early-response, peak-response, and late-response stages. A three-dimensional heterogeneous reservoir model was subsequently developed to quantify… More >

Hao Jiang¹, Lucheng Sun², Liguo Shuai^1,*, Zhihan Li^3,*

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.082152 - 30 June 2026

Abstract Underwater bio-inspired robots have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional propeller-driven autonomous underwater vehicles and remotely operated vehicles because of their potential for high propulsive efficiency, superior maneuverability, reduced acoustic signatures, and enhanced environmental adaptability. Unlike rigid propellers operating under approximately steady inflow conditions, bio-inspired propulsion relies on strongly unsteady hydrodynamic mechanisms, including vortex generation and shedding, added-mass effects, boundary-layer evolution, and flexible fluid–structure interaction (FSI). These processes fundamentally govern thrust production, energy conversion, and maneuvering performance, yet a systematic synthesis connecting hydrodynamic mechanisms with engineering implementation remains limited. This review addresses that gap… More >

Yong Wang^1,2, Qingqing Cao³, Changhao Yan², Xinyu Tang^2,3, Dingxue Zhang^1,*, Jingyi Zhu^3,*

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.075131 - 30 June 2026

Abstract Injection damage in the M tight oil reservoir is controlled by the coupled effects of inorganic scaling and organic fouling at the pore scale. To clarify the governing mechanisms, this study combines long-duration core flooding, water-chemistry compatibility analysis, and thermodynamic scale prediction with NMR T₂ spectroscopy, mercury intrusion capillary pressure, SEM-EDS characterization, and factor-controlled microfluidic visualization that reproduces reservoir pore geometry and wettability. Core flooding tests reveal permeability reductions of 61 to 73 percent after 12 to 24 hours of injection, indicating progressive contraction of effective flow channels. NMR T₂ spectra demonstrate strong pore-size selectivity: small… More >

Mingliang Yang¹, Yuyu Miao^1,*, Xijun Xu², Heng Yang¹, Dong Qing¹, Keyuan Zhao¹

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.20, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2026.078754 - 30 June 2026

Abstract The autonomous grasping of flexible slings is a pivotal challenge for unmanned crane systems, primarily stemming from the slings’ geometric indeterminacy, material compliance under load, and stochastic initial pose relative to the hook. To address this challenge, we propose an intelligent hook system featuring a novel compound mechanical architecture. This architecture integrates a horizontal slewing mechanism for in-plane alignment with a self-locking worm-gear drive for secure grasping. A coordinated control strategy, employing a Fuzzy PID algorithm, ensures robust dynamic performance under variable loading conditions. Finite element analysis confirms structural integrity under a rated load of More >

Mohammad Reza Boorboori^1,2, Haiyang Zhang^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.082409 - 29 June 2026

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal pollutant released from various human activities including industrial production and agricultural practices. This pollutant adversely affects plant physiology by damaging root systems, inhibiting photosynthesis, and inducing oxidative stress through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review highlights the critical role of nitric oxide (NO) as a key signaling molecule that enhances plant tolerance to cadmium stress. The application of exogenous NO effectively alleviates Cd toxicity by stimulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), scavenging harmful ROS, and preventing membrane More >

Sajida^1,#, Hamdy Kashtoh^2,#, Tensangmu Lama Tamang^2,*, Kwang-Hyun Baek^2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.075288 - 29 June 2026

Abstract Drought represents a major environmental challenge, limiting water availability to plants and disrupting their physiological functions and growth, particularly in dryland regions. Traditional strategies, including water conservation practices, plant breeding, and advanced tools such as genetic engineering, have been employed to enhance drought tolerance. However, these methods are often time-consuming and expensive. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) present a promising alternative by forming symbiotic relationships with plant roots and boosting drought resilience. PGPR enhances plant tolerance to drought-induced water stress through complex biochemical and physiological mechanisms, including phytohormone modulation, exopolysaccharides production, nutrient uptake, and gene regulation.… More >

Yanfeng Li^1,2, Xiaohui Zhang^1,2,*, Luyang Chen^3,*, Rong Chen⁴, Shan Qing³

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.079549 - 29 June 2026

Abstract Highly integrated micro-nano electronic devices suffer from severe heat dissipation challenges, and flow cooling in nanochannels is an effective solution. During convective heat transfer at liquid-solid interfaces, surface wettability and rough morphology are key parameters governing thermal transport; however, their combined effects remain unclear. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are utilized to examine the synergistic effects of surface wettability and nanopillar arrays on thermal transport and fluid dynamics within nanochannels. The results show that increasing surface hydrophilicity and roughness reduces the thermal slip length and increases the Nusselt number, thereby enhancing heat transfer performance… More >