Zhang YG, HY Dai

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 119-125, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.119

Abstract The photosynthetic and morphological characteristics, and microstructure of roots and shoots, were studied between columnar apple and standard apple trees derived from the crosses of ‘Fuji’ × ‘Telamon’ and ‘Gala’ × ‘Telamon’. The results showed that chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, the content of chlorophyll A+B, and leaf area index were higher in columnar apple trees than in standard apple trees. In a day cycle, the net photosynthetic (Pn) and transpiration rates (Tr) were higher in the columnar apple trees than in standard apple trees. The daily variations of Pn and Tr were of a double… More >

Zhanwei Liu, Huimin Xie, Fulong Dai

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.18, No.3, pp. 95-96, 2011, DOI:10.3970/icces.2011.018.095

Abstract The mechanical behaviors of microstructures and micro devices have drawn the attention from researchers on materials and mechanics recently. To understand the rule of these behaviors, the deformation measurement techniques with micro/nanometer sensitivity and spatial resolution are required. In this report, a geometric phase analysis technique, SEM scanning moirAC method, digital phase moirAC method based on gratings and a micro-marker identification method are introduced to meet the deformation evaluation requirement of MEMS. The geometric phase analysis technique is performed on the basis of regular gratings, instead of natural atom lattice. The regular gratings with a… More >

A.Y.Chen, J. Lu

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 45-46, 2011, DOI:10.3970/icces.2011.020.045

Abstract The structural reliability of many brittle materials such as nanomaterials relies on the occurrence of intergranular, as opposed to transgranular, fracture in order to induce toughening by crack bridging. The current work examines the role of interface strength and grain size distribution in promoting intergranular fracture in order to maintain high toughening. A layered nanostructural 304SS sheet characterized by periodic distribution of nanocrystalline layers and micron-grained layers with graded grain size evolution has exhibited exceptional properties. The in situ SEM observations illustrate that an intergranular path and the consequent interface bridging process can be partitioned More >

Surya R. Kalidindi, Stephen R. Niezgoda, Ayman A. Salem

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.16, No.3, pp. 79-80, 2011, DOI:10.3970/icces.2011.016.079

Abstract Microstructure Informatics is a critical building block of ICME infrastructure. Accelerated design and development of new advanced materials with improved performance characteristics and their successful insertion in engineering practice are largely hindered by the lack of a rigorous mathematical framework for the robust generation of microstructure informatics relevant to the specific application. In this paper, we describe a set of novel and efficient computational protocols that are capable of accelerating significantly the process of building the needed microstructure informatics for a targeted application. These novel protocols have several advantages over the current practice in the More >

Kun Luan¹, Baozhong Sun¹, Bohong Gu^1,2

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 31-62, 2011, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2011.079.031

Abstract This paper reports finite element multi-scale simulations of ballistic impact damage of three-dimensional angle-interlock woven composite (3DAWC) penetrated under a hemispherical rigid projectile. A multi-scale geometrical model of the 3DAWC was established for the numerical simulation. The multi-scale geometrical model of the 3DAWC consists two parts: one is the microstructure model and another is the continuum model. The microstructure model has the same microstructure with that of the 3DAWC composite panel, including the fiber tows' diameter, fiber tow configuration and fiber volume fraction. The continuum model has the same mechanical properties with the 3DAWC. The… More >

C. A. Bronkhorst^1,2, A. R. Ross³, B. L. Hansen¹, E. K. Cerreta², J. F. Bingert²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.17, No.2, pp. 149-174, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2010.017.149

Abstract A common sample geometry used to study shear localization is the "tophat": an axi-symmetric sample with an upper "hat" portion and a lower "brim" portion. The gage section lies between the hat and brim. The gage section length is on the order of 0.9 mm with deformation imposed through a Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar system at maximum top-to-bottom velocity in the range of 10-25 m/sec. Detailed metallographic analysis has been performed on sections of the samples to quantify the topology and deformation state of the material after large deformation shear. These experiments performed with polycrystalline tantalum… More >

J. Cugnoni¹, M. Galli²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.66, No.2, pp. 165-186, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.066.165

Abstract With the progress of miniaturization, in many modern applications the characteristic dimensions of the physical volume occupied by particle-reinforced composites are getting comparable with the reinforcement size and many of those composite materials undergo plastic deformations. In both experimental and modelling contexts, it is therefore very important to know whether, and up to which characteristic size, the description of the composites in terms of effective, homogenized properties is sufficiently accurate to represent their response in the actual geometry. Herein, the case of particle-reinforced composites with elastoviscoplastic matrix materials and polyhedral randomly arranged linear elastic reinforcement… More >

Yang Yang¹, Anil Misra²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.64, No.1, pp. 1-36, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.064.001

Abstract Gradient theories have found wide applications in modeling of strain softening phenomena. This paper presents a higher order stress-strain theory to describe the damage behavior of strain softening materials. In contrast to most conventional gradient approaches for damage modeling, the present higher order theory considers strain gradients and their conjugate higher-order stress such that stable numerical solutions may be achieved. We have described the derivation of the required constitutive relationships, the governing equations and its weak form for this higher-order theory. The constitutive coefficients were obtained from a granular media approach such that the internal More >

A. Papacharalampopoulos², G. F. Karlis², A. Charalambopoulos³, D. Polyzos⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.58, No.1, pp. 45-74, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.058.045

Abstract A Boundary Element Method (BEM) for solving two (2D) and three dimensional (3D) dynamic problems in materials with microstructural effects is presented. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain and in the context of Mindlin's Form II gradient elastic theory. The fundamental solution of the differential equation of motion is explicitly derived for both 2D and 3D problems. The integral representation of the problem, consisting of two boundary integral equations, one for displacements and the other for its normal derivative is exploited for the proposed BEM formulation. The global boundary of the analyzed domain More >

A.Z. Lorbiecka¹, B. Šarler^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 69-104, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2010.018.069

Abstract The aim of this paper is simulation of thermally induced liquid-solid dendritic growth in two dimensions by a coupled deterministic continuum mechanics heat transfer model and a stochastic localized phase change kinetics model that takes into account the undercooling, curvature, kinetic and thermodynamic anisotropy. The stochastic model receives temperature information from the deterministic model and the deterministic model receives the solid fraction information from the stochastic model. The heat transfer model is solved on a regular grid by the standard explicit Finite Difference Method (FDM). The phase-change kinetics model is solved by the classical Cellular… More >