Najiba Hasan Hamad^1,*, Ranj Sirwan Abdullah², Ahmed Mohammed Adham²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073377 - 27 December 2025

Abstract Coiled tube heat exchangers are widely preferred in shell structures due to their superior heat transfer performance, driven by favorable flow characteristics. This study investigates the effect of modifying coil and shell configurations on heat transfer efficiency. Two key enhancements were examined: adding fins to the outer coil surface and integrating longitudinal slots within a hollowed shell. These modifications promote turbulence and extend heat transfer duration, thereby improving performance. However, they also introduce challenges, including increased pressure loss and manufacturing complexity. Numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2024R1 under identical boundary conditions. With a… More > Graphic Abstract

Hui Chen¹, Mohammed A. H. Ali^1,*, Bushroa Abd Razak¹, Zhenya Wang², Yusoff Nukman¹, Shikai Zhang¹, Zhiwei Huang¹, Ligang Yao³, Mohammad Alkhedher⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-26, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067286 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Accurate and real-time traffic-sign detection is a cornerstone of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles. However, existing one-stage detectors miss distant signs, and two-stage pipelines are impractical for embedded deployment. To address this issue, we present YOLO-SMM, a lightweight two-stage framework. This framework is designed to augment the YOLOv8 baseline with three targeted modules. (1) SlimNeck replaces PAN/FPN with a CSP-OSA/GSConv fusion block, reducing parameters and FLOPs without compromising multi-scale detail. (2) The MCA model introduces row- and column-aware weights to selectively amplify small sign regions in cluttered scenes. (3) MPDIoU augments CIoU loss… More >

Junxiang Li^1,2, Zhipeng Dong², Ben Han³, Jianqiao Chen³, Xinxin Zhang^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-19, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070816 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Owing to their global search capabilities and gradient-free operation, metaheuristic algorithms are widely applied to a wide range of optimization problems. However, their computational demands become prohibitive when tackling high-dimensional optimization challenges. To effectively address these challenges, this study introduces cooperative metaheuristics integrating dynamic dimension reduction (DR). Building upon particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE), the proposed cooperative methods C-PSO and C-DE are developed. In the proposed methods, the modified principal components analysis (PCA) is utilized to reduce the dimension of design variables, thereby decreasing computational costs. The dynamic DR strategy implements periodic… More >

Minghao Yuan^1,2, Lingling Ma^1,2, Lv Li^1,2, Shoutao Gong^1,2, Lei Bai^1,2, Yanzhen Ren^1,2, Xinli Zhang^1,2, Naeem Akhtar Qaisrani^3,*, Fengxiang Zhang^1,2,*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.42, No.4, pp. 893-908, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2025.071240 - 26 December 2025

Abstract Anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells require membranes with a balance of high conductivity and durability. In this work, a novel bi-crown-ether modified piperidine structure was designed and synthesized, which was then introduced into the side chain of poly(arylene piperidinium), making a unique bi-crown-ether modified bi-piperidinium side chain grafted polymer for AEM fabrication. The double crown ether units enhanced cation–water interactions and promoted microphase separation, thereby forming efficient hydroxide ion transport channels. The resulting membrane exhibited high water uptake, well-defined ion clusters, and a hydroxide conductivity of 123 mS cm⁻¹ at 80°C with an ion exchange More >

Sh. B. Utamuradova^a, F. A. Giyasova^b, M. S. Paizullakhanov^c, S. Yu. Gerasimenko^d, M. A. Yuldoshev^e,g,*, S. R. Boydedayev^g, M. R. Bekchanova^h

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.8, pp. 753-764, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.228.753

Abstract Based on the experimental data, the results of the study of photoelectric and gain characteristics of modified multi-barrier photodiode Au-nCdS-nSi-pCdTe-Au structures are presented, which are obtained by the method of vacuum evaporation in a quasi-closed volume by sputtering cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride layers on a silicon substrate with a specific resistance of 607.47 Ohm⋅cm. It is shown that the structures in the passing direction of the current at low illumination levels operate as injection photodiodes, and also the optical spectral range (0.3÷0.95 μm) covers from the nSi-pCdTe-Au side and (1.0÷1.4 μm) from the Au-nCdS-nSi More >

I. Sajjad^a, U. Parveen¹, H. Al-Ghamdi^b,*, M. Yaseen^a, S. Saleem^a, Nasarullah^a

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 829-845, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.829

Abstract Herein, we employed modified Becke-Johson (mBJ) potential based first principles method to investigate the structural, optoelectronic, and magnetic properties of pure SrS and Ni doped Sr_1-xNi_xS alloys at varying doping concentrations. Formation enthalpy analysis predicts thermodynamical stability of resultant alloys. Geometry optimization was performed in order to optimize the super cells to obtain ground state energy state. After confirming their stability, we investigated their magnetic, electronic, and optical attributes. Pure SrS exhibits an indirect band gap of 3.53 eV (which is in good agreement with experiments), while nickel doping in SrS results in lowering the bandgap… More >

Jian Xia^1,2, Xianzhong Hu¹, Yan Li¹, Wei Zhang^3,*

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 1489-1506, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2025.065997 - 17 November 2025

Abstract Incorporating microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) into mortar enhances building thermal energy storage for energy savings but severely degrades compressive strength by replacing sand and creating pores. This study innovatively addresses this critical limitation by introducing nano-silicon (NS) as a modifier to fill pores and promote hydration in MPCM mortar. Twenty-five mixes with varying NS content from 0 to 4 weight percent and different MPCM contents were comprehensively tested for flowability, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, thermal energy storage via Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and microstructure via Scanning Electron Microscopy. Key quantitative results showed MPCM reduced mortar… More >

Yadpirun Supharakonsakun¹, Yupaporn Areepong², Korakoch Silpakob^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.1, pp. 699-720, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.067702 - 30 October 2025

Abstract This study presents an innovative development of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart, explicitly adapted for the examination of time series data distinguished by seasonal autoregressive moving average behavior—SARMA(1,1)_L under exponential white noise. Unlike previous works that rely on simplified models such as AR(1) or assume independence, this research derives for the first time an exact two-sided Average Run Length (ARL) formula for the Modified EWMA chart under SARMA(1,1)_L conditions, using a mathematically rigorous Fredholm integral approach. The derived formulas are validated against numerical integral equation (NIE) solutions, showing strong agreement and significantly reduced More > Graphic Abstract

Jyun-Jie Wang¹, Yin-Chen Lin¹, Chi-Chun Chen^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 5595-5624, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066160 - 23 October 2025

Abstract Digital watermarking must balance imperceptibility, robustness, complexity, and security. To address the challenge of computational efficiency in trellis-based informed embedding, we propose a modified watermarking framework that integrates fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering into the generation off block codewords for labeling trellis arcs. The system incorporates a parallel trellis structure, controllable embedding parameters, and a novel informed embedding algorithm with reduced complexity. Two types of embedding schemes—memoryless and memory-based—are designed to flexibly trade-off between imperceptibility and robustness. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing approaches in bit error rate (BER) and computational complexity under More >

Ashwini Bhat¹, Nagaraj N. Katagi¹, M. C. Gowrishankar², Manjunath Shettar^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 2715-2728, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069842 - 23 September 2025

Abstract This research explores the water uptake behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composites filled with nanoclay and establishes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict water uptake percentage from experimental parameters. Composite laminates are fabricated with varying glass fiber and nanoclay contents. Water absorption is evaluated for 70 days of immersion following ASTM D570-98 standards. The inclusion of nanoclay reduces water uptake by creating a tortuous path for moisture diffusion due to its high aspect ratio and platelet morphology, thereby enhancing the composite’s barrier properties. The ANN model is developed with a 3–4–1 feedforward structure and learned… More >