Jiayun Ding, Bin Chen^*, Yutong Lei, Wei Zhang

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4561-4577, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067574 - 27 October 2025

Abstract In the field of low-carbon building systems, the combination of renewable energy and hydrogen energy systems is gradually gaining prominence. However, the uncertainty of supply and demand and the multi-energy flow coupling characteristics of this system pose challenges for its optimized scheduling. In light of this, this study focuses on electro-thermal-hydrogen trigeneration systems, first modelling the system’s scheduling optimization problem as a Markov decision process, thereby transforming it into a sequential decision problem. Based on this, this paper proposes a reinforcement learning algorithm based on deep deterministic policy gradient improvement, aiming to minimize system operating… More >

Junhui Li¹, Yuqing Zhang¹, Can Chen², Xiaoxiao Wang², Yinchi Shao², Xingxu Zhu¹, Cuiping Li^1,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.9, pp. 2389-2408, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.050239 - 19 August 2024

Abstract Aiming at the consumption problems caused by the high proportion of renewable energy being connected to the distribution network, it also aims to improve the power supply reliability of the power system and reduce the operating costs of the power system. This paper proposes a two-stage planning method for distributed generation and energy storage systems that considers the hierarchical partitioning of source-storage-load. Firstly, an electrical distance structural index that comprehensively considers active power output and reactive power output is proposed to divide the distributed generation voltage regulation domain and determine the access location and number… More >

Yan Shi¹, Wenjie Li¹, Gongbo Fan^2,*, Luxi Zhang¹, Fengjiu Yang¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.2, pp. 461-482, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.043835 - 25 January 2024

Abstract Addressing the insufficiency in down-regulation leeway within integrated energy systems stemming from the erratic and volatile nature of wind and solar renewable energy generation, this study focuses on formulating a coordinated strategy involving the carbon capture unit of the integrated energy system and the resources on the load storage side. A scheduling model is devised that takes into account the confidence interval associated with renewable energy generation, with the overarching goal of optimizing the system for low-carbon operation. To begin with, an in-depth analysis is conducted on the temporal energy-shifting attributes and the low-carbon modulation… More >